Haym Salomon (1740-1785)
Apr 7 Polish-born American broker who helped finance the American Revolution, born in Leszno, Poland
Marquis de Sade (1740-1814)
Jun 2 French philosopher and writer (Justine) and where the words sadism and sadist are derived from, born in Paris, France
- Jun 18 Karel van Poucke, Flemish sculptor, born in Diksmuide, West Flanders, Belgium (d. 1809)
- Jun 21 Hendrik van Wijn, Dutch histrorian and archivist (Algemeen Rijksarchief), born in The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1831)
- Jul 27 Jeanne Baré, French explorer, born in Loire Valley, France (d. 1803)
- Aug 15 Matthias Claudius, German poet (Death and the Maiden), and journalist (Der Wandsbecker Bote), born in Reinfeld, Duchy of Holstein (now Germany) (d. 1815)
- Aug 23 Ivan VI, Emperor of Russia (1740-41), born in Saint Petersburg, Russia (d. 1764)
- Aug 26 Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, French balloonists (invented Montgolfier balloon), born in Annonay, France (d. 1810)
- Sep 7 Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor, born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 1814)
- Sep 12 Johann Heinrich Jung, German author (Heinrich Stillings Leben), born in Hilchenbach, Germany (d. 1817)
- Sep 23 Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1813)
- Oct 14 Joannes Siberg, Dutch Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1801-05), born in Rotterdam, Netherlands (d. 1817)
- Oct 20 Belle van Zuylen, Dutch-Swiss writer (Three Women), born at Castle Zuylen near Utrecht (d. 1805)
- Oct 29 James Boswell, Scottish biographer of Samuel Johnson and diarist, born in Edinburgh (d. 1795)
- Oct 31 William Paca, American judge and signer (Declaration of Independence), born in Abingdon, Maryland (d. 1799)
- Nov 14 Johann van Beethoven, Ludwig van Beethoven's father and first teacher (d. 1792)
- Nov 24 John Bacon, English sculptor - most successful public sculptor of his time, born in London, England (d. 1799)
- Dec 30 Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales (d. 1759)