- Jan 11 Samuel Bentham, English mechanical engineer (d. 1831)
- Jan 16 Samuel McIntire, American woodcarver and architect (architect of Old Salem), born in Salem, Massachusetts (d. 1811) [1]
- Jan 19 Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf, German Princess (d. 1831)
- Feb 6 Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz, Polish scholar & statesman, born in Skoki, Poland (d. 1841)
- Feb 20 John 'Mad Jack' Fuller, English philanthropist (d. 1834)
- Mar 16 Bengt Lidner, Swedish poet (Medea, Yttersa Domen), born in Gothenburg, Sweden (d. 1793)
Henry Addington (1757-1844)
May 30 1st Viscount Sidmouth, British Prime Minister (Tory: 1801-04), born in London
- Jun 5 Pierre Jean George Cabanis, French physiologist, born in Cosnac, Corrèze, France (d. 1808)
- Jun 8 Ercole Consalvi, Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1824)
- Jun 18 Gervasio Antonio de Posadas, Argentine politician and 1st Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, born in Buenos Aires (d. 1833)
- Jun 22 George Vancouver, surveyed Pacific coast from San Francisco to Vancouver Island
- Jul 20 Garsevan Chavchavadze, Georgian diplomat and politician, born in Georgia (d. 1811)
- Jul 24 Vladimir Borovikovsky [Vоlоdymyr Borovyk], Russian painter, born in Myrhorod (now Ukraine) (d. 1825)
- Aug 9 Thomas Telford, Scottish civil engineer (designed and constructed Menai Bridge, Wales in 1819-26), born in Eskdale, Dumfriesshire, Scotland (d. 1834)
Marquis de Lafayette (1757-1834)
Sep 6 American patriot and French revolutionary, born in Chavaniac, France
- Sep 22 Herman Hendrik Vitringa, Dutch politician (National Meetings)
Charles X (1757-1836)
Oct 9 King of France (1824-30), born in Palace of Versailles, France
- Oct 10 Erik Acharius, Swedish botanist (lichens), born in Gävle, Sweden (d. 1819)
- Oct 21 Pierre Augereau, Marshal of France and duc de Castiglione (d. 1816)
- Oct 26 Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Austrian philosopher (elementary philosophy), born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1823)
- Nov 1 Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor, born in Possagno, Republic of Venice (d. 1822)
- Nov 12 Jacobus Bellamy [Zelandus], Dutch poet, born in Vlissingen, Netherlands (d. 1786)
- Nov 15 Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher, Danish surgeon, botanist and professor of anatomy (research work in malacology), born in Glückstadt, Holstein, Germany (d. 1830)
William Blake (1757-1827)
Nov 28 English poet and artist (Songs of Innocence & Experience), born in London, England
- Dec 25 Benjamin Pierce, U.S. politician (d. 1839)