- Jan 7 Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples (d. 1844)
- Jan 10 James Varicick, founder and first bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, born in Newburgh, New York (d. 1827)
- Jan 28 Frederick VI, Danish king (1808-39); lost Norway to Sweden (1814)
- Feb 4 Maurits C van Hall, Dutch ruler of Heicop & Boeicop, lawyer/politician
- Feb 12 Francis II, Florence Italy, last Holy Roman emperor (1792-1806)
- Feb 13 Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (d. 1835)
- Feb 15 Jozef B Cannaert [Olim], Flemish lawyer
- Mar 13 Charles Louis Willem Josef van Keverberg, Dutch civil servant, born in Haelen, Netherlands (d. 1841)
- Mar 21 Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Fourier, mathematician/Egyptologist
- Mar 30 Maria Reynolds, American mistress of Alexander Hamilton and part of America's 1st political sex scandal (Reynolds Pamphlet), born in NYC, Province of New York, British Empire (d. 1828)
- Apr 19 Adrian Hardy Haworth, English entomologist and botanist, born in Hull, England (d. 1833)
- May 2 Jean-Louis-Marc Alibert, French dermatologist, born in Villefranche-de-Rouergue, Aveyron, France (d. 1837)
- May 3 Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist and industrialist, born in Laigh Corton, Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland (d. 1838)
- May 17 Caroline of Brunswick, Queen Consort of King George IV (1820-21), born in Brunswick, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1821)
- May 17 Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, English general, born in London (d. 1854)
- May 20 Dolley Dandridge Payne Madison, 1st lady (1809-17)
- Jun 9 Samuel Slater, English-American industrialist who brought the textile industrial revolution to America, born in Belper, Derbyshire, England (d. 1836)
- Jun 30 Elizabeth Kortright Monroe, First Lady of the United States (1817-25) as the wife of the fifth President James Monroe, born in NYC, New York (d. 1830)
- Jul 27 Charlotte Corday, French revolutionary who murdered Jean-Paul Marat in a bath, born in Saint-Saturnin, France (d. 1793)
- Aug 17 Louis Charles Antoine Desaix, French general (d. 1800)
- Aug 27 Anne François Mellinet, French-Belgian general (Maastricht), born in Corbeil-Essonnes, France (d. 1852)
- Sep 4 Francois René de Chateaubriand, French novelist (Atala), born in Saint-Malo, France (d. 1848)
- Sep 23 William Wallace, Scottish mathematician (Rights of Wallace)
- Oct 2 William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, British general and politician, born in Bedgebury, Kent, England (d. 1854)
- Oct 11 Adriaan van den Ende, Dutch vicar and educationalist, born in Delft, Netherlands (d. 1846)
- Oct 26 Eustachy Erazm Sanguszko, Polish general and politician, born in Radzyń Podlaski, Poland (d. 1844)
- Nov 8 Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom, 6th child and second daughter of King George III and Queen Charlotte, born in London (d. 1840)
- Nov 21 Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologist and philosopher, born in Breslau, Prussian Silesia (d. 1834)
- Nov 30 Jędrzej Śniadecki, Polish writer, physician, chemist (creation of modern Polish terminology in the field of chemistry), born in Żnin, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (d. 1838)
- Dec 22 John Crome (Old Crome), English landscape artist, born in Norwich, England (d. 1821)