Thomas Cole (1801-1848)
Feb 1 American romantic landscape painter (Hudson River School), born in Bolton le Moors, Lancashire, England
- Feb 7 John Rylands, English cloth merchant and philanthropist (Rylands & Sons, Manchester's 1st multi-millionaire), born in Parr, England (d. 1888)
- Feb 21 John Henry Newman, British thologian (Tract 90), educator, poet (Dream of Gerontius), Anglican priest, Catholic priest, cardinal and saint, born in London, England (d. 1890)
- Mar 15 Coenraad Johannes van Houten, Dutch chemist and cocoa manufacturer (Dutch process chocolate), born in Amsterdam, Batavian Republic (d. 1887)
- Mar 21 Maria Theresa of Tuscany, Queen of Sardinia (d. 1855)
- Mar 23 Peterus Laurentius Regout, Dutch industrialist (founder of crystal, and pottery firm P. Regout & Co.), born in Maastricht, Dutch Republic (d. 1878)
- Apr 7 Henry Eagle, Commander (Union Navy), (d. 1882)
- Apr 11 Claude Tillier, French journalist and writer (My Uncle Benjamin), born in Clamecy, Nièvre, France (d. 1844)
- Apr 12 Henry de Cock, Dutch reformed vicar and secession leader, born in Veendam, Groningen, the Netherlands (d. 1842)
- Apr 19 Gustav Fechner, German philosopher and physicist (Weber–Fechner law), born in Żarki Wielkie, Poland (d. 1887)
- Apr 26 Ambrose Dudley Mann, American diplomat, born in Hanover Courthouse, Virginia (d. 1889)
- May 6 George Sears Greene, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Apponaug, Rhode Island (d. 1899)
- May 9 Samuel Cousins, English mezzotint engraver, born in Exeter, Devon, England (d. 1887)
- May 11 Henri Labrouste, French architect (d. 1875)
William H. Seward (1801-1872)
May 16 American politician (Secretary of State, 1861-69, Governor of New York, 1839-42), born in Florida, New York
- May 31 Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist, born in Zürich, Switzerland (d. 1877)
Brigham Young (1801-1877)
Jun 1 American religious leader (Latter-day Saints), born in Whitingham, Vermont
- Jun 4 James Pennethorne, English architect and planner, born in Worcester, Pennethorne (d. 1871)
- Jun 14 Heber C. Kimball, American religious leader (Church of the Latter Day Saints), born in Sheldon, Vermont (d. 1868)
- Jun 15 Benjamin Raymond, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1883)
- Jun 16 Julius Plücker, German mathematician and physicist (d. 1868)
- Jun 23 Daniel Smith Donelson, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1863)
David Farragut (1801-1870)
Jul 5 American admiral ("Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!"), born in Campbell's Station, Tennessee
- Jul 14 Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist (d. 1858)
- Jul 26 John Drake Sloat, 1st Military Governor of California (Union Navy), born in Sloatsburg, New York (d. 1867)
- Jul 27 George Biddell Airy, English mathematician and 7th Astronomer Royal, born in Alnwick, Northumberland, England (d. 1892)
- Jul 29 George Bradshaw, British publisher, born in Manchester, England (d. 1853)
- Aug 10 Robert Woodward Barnwell, MC (Confederacy), (d. 1882)
- Aug 21 Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer, Dutch statesman and historian, born in Voorburg, Netherlands (d. 1876)
- Aug 28 Antoine Cournot, French philosopher and mathematician (rule of Cournot), born in Gray, France (d. 1877)
- Sep 4 Cullen Whipple, American inventor (pointed screw machine), born in Providence, Rhode Island (d. 1868)
- Sep 10 Marie Laveau, American Voodoo practitioner, born in French Quarter, New Orleans, Louisiana (d. 1881)
- Sep 12 Giuseppe Concone, Italian singing teacher, born in Turin, Italy (d. 1861)
- Sep 17 Edward William Lane, British lexicographer and translator (One Thousand & One Nights), born in Hereford, England (d. 1876)
- Sep 24 Mikhail Ostrogradsky, Russian physicist and mathematician, born in Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire (d. 1862)
- Oct 6 Hippolyte Carnot, French statesman, born in Saint-Omer, France (d. 1888)
- Oct 12 Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss politician, born in Lindau, Germany (d. 1873)
- Oct 14 Joseph Plateau, Belgian physicist (Plateau's Law), born in Brussels, Belgium (d. 1883)
- Nov 3 Karl Baedeker, German publisher (known for guidebooks for tourists), born in Essen, Germany (d. 1859)
Gail Borden (1801-1874)
Nov 9 American manufacturer and inventor of condensed milk, born in Norwich, New York
- Nov 10 Samuel Gridley Howe, United States physician, abolitionist, and advocate of education for the blind, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1876)
- Nov 10 Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language), born in Lugansk, Russian Empire (d. 1872)
- Nov 13 Amalie Auguste of Bavaria, Queen of Saxony, born in Munich (d. 1877)
- Nov 13 Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria, Queen consort of Prussia (1840-61), born in Munich (d. 1873)
- Nov 24 Ludwig Bechstein, German poet (d. 1860)
- Dec 11 Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German dramatist, born in Detmold, Lippe (d. 1836)
- Dec 12 John of Saxony, King of Saxony (1854-73) translated Divina Commedia, born in Dresden, Germany (d. 1873)
- Dec 27 Guillaume Louis Baud, Dutch politician (Minister of Colonies 1848-49) (d. 1891)
- Dec 28 James Barnes, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1869)