James Longstreet
Jan 8 James Longstreet, American Confederate general (1st Corps, ANV), born in Edgefield, South Carolina (d. 1904)
James Longstreet
Elizabeth Blackwell
Feb 3 Elizabeth Blackwell, English-American physician who was the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States, born in Bristol, England (d. 1910)
Elizabeth Blackwell
- Feb 10 William Read Scurry, (Confederate Army Brigadier General, (d. 1864))
- Feb 11 Hermann Allmers, writer
- Feb 11 Auguste-Édouard Mariette, French Egyptologist (d. 1881)
- Feb 15 Abraham de Amorie van der de Have, theologist/poet
- Feb 16 Heinrich Barth, geographer/explorer (Central Africa), born in Hamburg, Germany
- Feb 19 Francis Preston Blair Jr, (Rep-Missouri), born in Lexington, Kentucky (d. 1875)
- Mar 1 Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Catholic bishop (d. 1896)
John Abbott
Mar 12 John Abbott, 3rd Canadian Prime Minister (1891-92), born in Saint-Andre, Quebec (d. 1893)
John Abbott
- Mar 12 Luitpold von Bayern, Prince-regent of Bayern
- Mar 14 Jens Worsaae, Danish archaeologist, historian and politician, born in Vejle, Denmark (d. 1885)
- Mar 15 William Milligan, Scottish theologian (d. 1892)
- Mar 15 Eduard Heine, German mathematician (d. 1881)
- Mar 15 Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian scientist (d. 1895)
- Mar 16 Ernest Feydeau, French author (Georges Feydeau)
- Mar 19 Francis Barretto Spinola, American politician and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Old Field, New York (d. 1891)
Richard Francis Burton
Mar 19 Richard Burton, English explorer and translator (Arabian Nights), born in Torquay, Devon (d. 1890)
Richard Francis Burton
- Mar 19 William Allingham, Ballyshannon, County Donegal, Irish poet (The Fairies, Laurence Bloomfield in Ireland)
- Mar 23 Aleksej F Pisemski, Russian writer (Clodhopper)
- Mar 24 Elisa Felix, [Rachel], tragedienne
- Mar 24 [George] Hector Tyndale, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1880)
- Mar 26 Ernst Engel, German statistician and economist (Law of Engel), born in Dresden, Germany (d. 1896)
- Mar 29 Joshua Thomas Owen, British-American educator, politician, and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Carmarthen, United Kingdom (d. 1887)
- Apr 3 T. Pelham Dale, Anglican clergyman prosecuted for Ritualist practices in the 1870s, born in Greenwich (d. 1892)
- Apr 4 Linus Yale Jr., American portrait painter and inventor (Yale cylinder lock), born in Salisbury, New York (d. 1868)
- Apr 9 Charles-Pierre Baudelaire, French poet and translator (Les Fleurs du mal), born in Paris, France (d. 1867)
- Apr 15 Emerson Brown Joseph, (Confederacy), (d. 1894)
- Apr 16 Ford Madox Brown, British painter, born in Calais, France (d. 1893)
- Apr 19 Mortimer Dormer Leggett, American Major General (Union Army), born in Ithaca, New York (d. 1896)
- May 2 Abram Sanders Piatt, American farmer, publisher, poet, politician, and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Cincinnati, Ohio (d. 1908)
- May 8 William Henry Vanderbilt, American businessman, member of the Vanderbilt family, born in New Brunswick, New Jersey (d. 1885)
- May 11 [Carlos] Charles John Stolbrand, Swedish-American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Skåne, Sweden (d. 1894)
- May 16 Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematician (d. 1894)
- May 17 Sebastian Kneipp, German naturopathist (d. 1897)
- May 21 John F Loudon, Dutch entrepreneur/colonial director
- May 22 Alfred Sully, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1879)
- Jun 2 Ion Bratianu, (Lib), premier of Romania (1876-88)
- Jun 4 Apollon Maykov, Russian poet, born in Moscow, Imperial Russia (d. 1897)
- Jun 8 John Dunlap Stevenson, American attorney, politician, and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Staunton, Virginia (d. 1897)
- Jun 8 Samuel White Baker, English explorer (Ceylon & Egypt), born in London, England (d. 1893)
- Jun 12 Henry Moses Judah, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Snow Hill, Maryland (d. 1866)
- Jun 13 Albert, duc de Broglie, French premier (1873-74, 1977)
- Jun 13 Navy Gustavus Vasa Fox, Asst Secy (Union), (d. 1883)
- Jun 14 Jozef Lies, Flemish painter
- Jun 26 Bartolomé Mitre [Martínez], Argentine general, author, statesman and President (1862-1868), born in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 1906)
Charles Tupper
Jul 2 Charles Tupper, 6th Prime Minister of Canada (C: 69-day term), born in Amherst, Nova Scotia (d. 1915)
Charles Tupper
- Jul 6 Edward Winston Pettus, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1907)
- Jul 8 William Harvey Lamb Wallace, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Urbana, Ohio (d. 1862)
- Jul 10 Christopher Columbus Augur, American Major General (Union Army), born in Kendall, New York (d. 1898)
- Jul 12 Daniel Harvey Hill, Confederate General (American Civil War), born in York District, South Carolina (d. 1889)
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Jul 13 Nathan Bedford Forrest, American slave trader, Confederate lieutenant general and KKK Grand Wizard, born in Chapel Hill, Tennessee (d. 1877)
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Mary Baker Eddy
Jul 16 Mary Baker Eddy, American founder of Christian Science (Science & Health), born in Bow, New Hampshire (d. 1910)
Mary Baker Eddy
- Jul 21 Vasile Alecsandri, Romanian foreign minister, diplomat and poet, born in Bacau, Moldova (d. 1890)
Bill the Butcher
Jul 24 William Poole, American gang member (New York City's Bowery Boys), born in Sussex County, New Jersey (d. 1855)
Bill the Butcher
- Aug 4 James Springer White, American theologian (co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church), born in Palmyra, Maine (d. 1881)
Louis Vuitton
Aug 4 Louis Vuitton, French founder of the Louis Vuitton brand of leather goods now owned by LVMH, born in Anchay, France (d. 1892)
Louis Vuitton
- Aug 10 Jay Cooke, American financier (d. 1905)
- Aug 14 Clement Hoffman "Rock" Stevens, Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
- Aug 21 William Barksdale, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Smyrna, Tennessee (d. 1863)
- Aug 29 Louis Laurent Gabriel de Mortillet, French anthropologist who was the first to organize and classify Stone Age cultures into a chronological sequence of epochs, born in Meylan, France (d. 1898)
- Aug 30 Anita Garibaldi, Brazilian warrior; Garibaldi's wife (War of Tatters), born in Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil (d. 1849)
- Aug 31 Hermann von Helmholtz, German physician and physicist, born in Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1894)
- Sep 8 Henry Baxter, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Sidney, New York (d. 1873)
- Sep 24 Cyprian K Norwid, Polish painter/poet/playwright (Wanda)
- Sep 26 Alvin Peterson Hovey, American judge, 21st Governor of Indiana (1889-1891), andBrevet Major General (Union Army), born in Mount Vernon, Indiana (d. 1891)
- Sep 27 Henri-Frederic Amiel, Swiss/French writer (Grains de Mil)
- Sep 28 Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American politician (d. 1874)
- Oct 2 Alexander Peter "Old Straight" Stewart, Lt Gen (Confederate Army)
- Oct 7 Richard Heron Anderson, Lt Gen (Confederate Army), (d. 1879)
- Oct 7 William Sill, with The Underground Railroad
George Williams
Oct 11 George Williams, English philanthropist and founder of YMCA, born in Dulverton, West Somerset, England (d. 1905)
George Williams
Rudolf Virchow
Oct 13 Rudolf Virchow, German politician, anthropologist and pathologist (cell pathology), born in Schivelbein, Prussia (d. 1902)
Rudolf Virchow
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Nov 11 Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist (Crime and Punishment, The Dream of a Ridiculous Man) who helped shape literary modernism and existentialism, born in Moscow, Russian Empire (d. 1881)
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
- Nov 23 Charles Meryon, British/French etcher
- Nov 30 Gustavus Woodson Smith, Secy War (Confederacy), (d. 1896)
- Nov 30 Frederick Temple, 95th Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1902)
- Dec 2 Rufus Barringer, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Cabarrus County, North Carolina (d. 1895)
- Dec 10 Nikolai A Nekrasov, Russian poet, writer and publisher (Russkije Zjenjshiny)
- Dec 12 Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (Madame Bovary)
- Dec 17 Frederick West Lander, American poet and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Salem, Massachusetts (d. 1862)
- Dec 19 Mary Ashton Livermore, American reformer/women's suffrage leader
Clara Barton
Dec 25 Clara Barton, American nurse and founder of the American Red Cross, born in North Oxford, Massachusetts (d. 1912)
Clara Barton
- Dec 27 Jane Wilde, Irish poet, nationalist and mother of Oscar Wilde, born in Wexford (d. 1896)