- 347 Emperor Theodosius I "The Great" of Rome, last emperor to rule the east and west empire, born in Hispania (d. 395)
- 889 Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba (d. 961)
- 1322 Emperor Komyo of Japan (d. 1380)
- 1359 Emperor Go-En'yu of Japan (d. 1393)
- 1395 Michelle of Valois, Duchess of Burgundy (d. 1422)
- 1403 Jan IV, Duke of Brabant/Limburg
- 1449 Domenico Ghirlandajo, Italian renaissance painter
- 1503 Francesco Parmigianino, Italian artist (Madonna with the Long Neck)
- 1591 Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (d. 1646)
- 1630 John Rogers, American President of Harvard in the US (d. 1684)
- 1671 François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French military leader (d. 1745)
- 1720 Gijsbert John van Hardenbroeck, Utrechts regent
- 1723 Prithvi Narayan Shah, began the unification of modern Nepal (d. 1774)
- 1746 William Curtis, English botanist/publisher (Botanical Magazine)
Alexander Hamilton
1755 Alexander Hamilton, US Founding Father and 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (1789-95), born in Charlestown, Nevis, West Indies (d. 1804)
Alexander Hamilton
- 1757 Samuel Bentham, English mechanical engineer (d. 1831)
- 1786 Joseph Jackson Lister, British optician who perfected the optical microscope by designing the achromatic objective lens, born in London, England
- 1788 William Thomas Brande, English chemist (d. 1866)
- 1800 Ányos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist (d. 1895)
- 1807 Alfred Eugene "Mudwall" Jackson, Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
- 1807 Ezra Cornell, founder (Western Union Telegraph, Cornell University)
- 1808 Antoine GB Schayes, Belgian historian/archaeologist
- 1814 James Paget, English surgeon (disease of Paget)
- 1814 Richard Griffith, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1862)
John A. Macdonald
1815 John A. Macdonald, First Prime Minister of Canada (1867-1873 and 1878-1891), born in Glasgow, Scotland
John A. Macdonald
- 1816 Fitz Henry Warren, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Brimfield, Massachusetts (d. 1878)
- 1818 John Reese Kenly, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1891)
- 1825 Bayard Taylor, U.S. poet and writer (d. 1878
- 1831 James Ronald Chalmers, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Halifax County, Virginia (d. 1898)
- 1839 Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Puerto Rico, patriot/scholar
William James
1842 William James, American psychologist/philosopher (Pragmatism), born in NYC, New York
William James
- 1843 Charles Yelverton O'Connor, Irish-Australian engineer (d. 1902)
- 1849 Oskar Lassar, German dermatologist (bath house)
- 1850 J C Arthur, botanist (studied rusts), born in Lowville, New York
- 1850 Philipp la Renotiere von Ferrary, famous philatelist
- 1852 Konstantin Fehrenbach, German chancellor (1920-21)
- 1853 Gustav Falke, German author/poet (Der Mann im Nebel)
- 1853 Georgios Jakobides, Greek painter (d. 1926)
- 1858 Harry Gordon Selfridge, American retailer (d. 1947)
- 1859 [Gerard] Jan Ligthart, Dutch educator (Nog bij mother, Ot & Sien)
- 1860 Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian/French painter/author (Journal)
- 1864 Thomas Dixon, US attorney/playwright (Flaming Sword)
- 1867 Edward B. Titchener, British psychologist. (d. 1927)
- 1868 Cai Yuanpei, Chinese educator (d. 1940)
- 1870 Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945)
- 1872 George Washington Pierce, American physicist (d. 1956)
- 1873 John Callan O'Laughlin, American political and military figure and journalist (d. 1949)
- 1878 Theodoros Pangalos, Greek general and dictator (1926), born in Salamis, Greece (d. 1952)
- 1879 Antonio Beltramelli, writer
Alice Paul
1885 Alice Paul, American suffragist (National Woman's Party), born in Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey (d. 1977)
Alice Paul
- 1887 Aldo Leopold, American conservationist, professor and co-founder of the Wilderness Society, born in Burlington, Iowa (d. 1949)
- 1889 Calvin Bridges, American geneticist (d. 1938)
- 1890 Oswald de Andrade, Brazilian author (one of the modernist Group of Five), born in São Paulo, Brazil (d. 1954)
- 1897 August Heissmeyer, German SS officer (d. 1979)
- 1898 Hans Rudolf Krik, Danish writer/critic (Fiskerne, Slaven)
- 1901 Andries D Copier, Dutch glass manufacturer (Gildeglass)
- 1901 Kwon Ki-ok, Korean pilot (d. 1988)
Alan Paton
1903 Alan Paton, South African author (Cry, the Beloved Country, Too Late the Phalarope) and anti-apartheid activist, born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa (d. 1988)
Alan Paton
- 1904 Frederick Boland, Irish diplomat/president (UN General Assembly)
- 1905 John Henry Jacques, Northumberland, England, co-operative retailer
- 1905 Clyde Kluckhohn, American anthropologist (d. 1960)
- 1906 Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist (discovered LSD)
- 1906 Robert Nesbitt, impresario
- 1907 Pierre Mendès-France, French Premier (1954-55) (d. 1982)
- 1907 Abraham Joshua Heschel, Jewish American rabbi and theologian (d. 1972), born in Warsaw, Poland
- 1910 Trygve Bratteli, Norwegian Prime Minister (Labour: 1971-72, 1973-76), born in Nøtterøy, Norway (d. 1984)
- 1910 Sir Shane Paltridge, Australian politician (d. 1966)
- 1911 Nora Heysen, Australian artist (d. 2003)
- 1911 Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
- 1912 Roger Lewis, aviation exec (Lockheed, Curtiss Wright, Pan Am)
- 1914 Dorothy Jeakins, costume designer
- 1915 Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier, co-founder Special Air Service (d. 1955)
- 1916 James H [Jimmy] Quillen, (Rep-R-TN, 1963- )
- 1920 John Powell, campaigner
- 1922 Neville Duke, English test pilot
- 1922 Ernle Bradford, English historian and writer (d. 1986)
- 1924 Sam B. Hall, American politician (d. 1994)
- 1926 Lev Stepanovich Demin, Russian cosmonaut (Soyuz 15)
- 1928 David L Wolper, producer (Devil's Brigade)
- 1930 Ron Mulock, Australian politician
- 1931 Betty Churcher, director of the National Gallery of Australia
- 1934 Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare, Computer scientist
Jean Chretien
1934 Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada (Liberal: 1993-2003), born in Shawinigan, Quebec
Jean Chretien
- 1936 Eve Hesse, German born Jewish-American sculptor. , born in Hamburg, Germany
- 1938 Fischer S Black Jr, financial theorist
- 1938 Michael Fenn, docker/socialist
- 1938 Arthur Scargill, Socialist Labour Party (UK) leader
- 1944 Mohammed Abed Elhai, Sudanese writer and academic (d. 1989)
- 1944 Shibu Soren, Indian politician
- 1945 Samdech Preah Sanghareach Bour Kry, Supreme Patriarch of the Cambodian Dhammayutt Order
- 1946 Tony Kaye, rocker (Yes)
- 1946 John Piper, American theologian
- 1952 Michael Forshaw, Australian politician
- 1953 Anna Marchesini, Italian entertainer
- 1958 Diego León Montoya Sánchez, former Colombian crime boss
- 1961 Jasper Fforde, British author
- 1962 Susan Lindauer, American peace activist and accused spy
- 1965 Karl Van Calcar, 3k steeplechase, born in Torrance, California
- 1966 Kelley Law, Canadian curler
- 1972 Yang Wenyi, Chinese swim star (WR/OR 50m freestyle)
- 1975 Matteo Renzi, Italian politician and Prime Minister of Italy (2014-), born in Florence, Italy
- 1980 Lovieanne Jung, US softball player, born in Honolulu, Hawaii
- 1988 Alexandria L'Esperance, US quintuplet, born in Royal Oak, Michigan
- 1988 Danielle L'Esperance, US quintuplet, born in Royal Oak, Michigan
- 1988 Erica L'Esperance, US quintuplet, born in Royal Oak, Michigan
- 1988 Raymond L'Esperance, US quintuplet, born in Royal Oak, Michigan
- 1988 Veronica L'Esperance, US quintuplet, born in Royal Oak, Michigan