- 1334 Henry II, King of Castile and León (1369-79), born in Seville, Spain (d. 1379)
- 1381 Saint Colette of Corbie, French abbess and reformer (Poor Clares), born in Corbie, County of Amiens, Duchy of Burgundy (d. 1447)
- 1406 Matteo Palmieri, Florentine humanist and historian (Della vita civile / On Civic Life), born in Florence (d. 1475)
- 1505 Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (1535-71), born in Cölln (d. 1571)
- 1562 Mark Alexander Boyd, Scottish poet (Sonnet of Venus and Cupid), born in Ayrshire, Scotland (d. 1601)
- 1596 Jan van Goyen, Dutch landscape painter, born in Leiden (d. 1656)
- 1610 Maria Anna of Austria, Electress of Bavaria (d. 1665)
- 1616 Antoinette Bourignon, Flemish mystic/French religious fanatic
- 1635 Philipp Jakob Spener, German theologian (d. 1705)
- 1651 Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington, English politician (d. 1694)
- 1674 Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, French writer, born in Dijon, France (d. 1762)
- 1720 Richard Hurd, English bishop and writer (d. 1808)
- 1749 Friedrich Müller, painter and dramatist (d. 1825)
- 1787 John Davis, 14th and 17th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1854)
- 1802 Eduard von Bauernfeld, comedic playwright, born in Vienna, Austria
- 1804 Paul Gavarni, French caricaturist (d. 1866)
- 1804 John Pringle Nichol, Scottish Astronomer and educator
- 1805 Thomas Dyer, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1862)
- 1807 Napoleon Bonaparte Buford, American Major General (Union Army), born in Woodford County, Kentucky (d. 1883)
- 1808 Salmon P Chase, (Sen-R) cabinet member, 6th chief justice (1864-73)
- 1812 Humphrey Marshall, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1872)
- 1812 Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (d. 1883)
- 1813 Agostino Depretis, Italian statesman, Prime Minister of Italy (1876-78, 1778-79, 1881-87), born in Bressana Bottarone, Kingdom of Italy (d. 1887)
- 1815 William Henry French, American Major General (Union Army), born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1881)
- 1832 Horatio Alger, American clergyman and author (Disagreeable Woman, Ragged Dick), born in Chelsea, Massachusetts (d. 1899)
- 1835 Gustaaf Rolin-Jaequemyns, Belgian jurist/minister of the Interior
- 1845 Félix Tisserand, French Astronomer (d. 1896)
- 1858 Oskar Minkowski, Biologist (d. 1931)
- 1859 Karl Bleibtreu, German author (Revolution of Literature)
- 1859 Kostis Palamas, Greek poet (d. 1943)
- 1861 Max Nonne, German neurologist (d. 1959)
- 1864 Wilhelm K W Wien, German physicist (Nobel 1911)
- 1865 Princess Marie of Orléans (d. 1908)
- 1869 Emanuele F, duke of Aosta, Italian general (WWI)/fascist
- 1870 Ross Granville Harrison, American biologist, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1959)
- 1874 Jozef E van Roey, Flemish cardinal/archbishop of Mechlin
- 1878 Lionel Groulx, Canadian nationalist, born in Vaudreuil, Quebec, Canada (d. 1967)
- 1881 Essington Lewis, Australian industrialist (d. 1961)
- 1885 Alfred Fuller, CEO (Fuller Brush Man)
- 1887 George Gurdjieff, Armenian-Greek mystic (d. 1949)
- 1890 Jüri Uluots, Estonian Prime Minister (d. 1945)
- 1893 Clarke Ashton Smith, American sci-fi author (Lost Worlds, Genius Loci)
- 1893 Roy Cazaly, Australian rules footballer (d. 1963)
- 1895 Anton Betzner, German writer, born in Cologne (d. 1976)
- 1898 Pedro DE Teixeira de Mattos, Dutch diplomat
- 1898 Kai Munk, Danish playwright and Lutheran pastor, martyr (d. 1944)
- 1901 A. B. Guthrie, American novelist, historian (d. 1991)
- 1901 Mieczysław Żywczyński, Polish historian and priest (d. 1978)
- 1906 Zhou Youguang [Zhou Yaoping], Chinese language scholar (father of pinyin), born in Changzhou (d. 2017)
- 1907 Sabine Zlatin, Polish-born French nurse who tried save Izieu children from Nazis), born in Warsaw (d. 1996)
- 1909 Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist
- 1911 Johannes Bjelke-Petersen, Australian politician, Premier of Queensland (1968-87), born in Dannevirke, New Zealand (d. 2005)
- 1915 Edward Frederick Weston Goodman, property developer
- 1916 Bella Lewitsky, choreographer
- 1921 Dachine Rainer, British writer (d. 2000)
- 1924 Philip Rawson, artist/teacher
- 1924 Paul Feyerabend, Austrian-born philosopher, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1994)
- 1926 Carolyn Heilbrun, [Amanda Cross], author (Lady Ottoline's Album)
- 1926 Pamela M Cunnington, English architect/author (Change of Use)
- 1926 Michael Bond, British writer
- 1927 Brock Adams, American politician (d. 2004)
- 1927 Sydney Brenner, South African biologist known for his contributions on the genetic code and molecular biology (Nobel Laureate 2002), born in Germiston, Transvaal, South Africa
- 1930 Roman Cieślewicz, Polish French artist, graphic designer, born in Lwów, Poland (d. 1996)
- 1933 Nurdin Jivraj, Tanzanian-British hotel magnate (Buckingham Intl.)
- 1933 Ron Goulart, American sci-fi author (Deadwalk, Plunder)
- 1935 Mauro Forghieri, Italian automotive & mechanical engineer (Scuderia Ferrari)
- 1936 Edward R Madigan, (Rep-R-IL, 1973- )
- 1938 Jean Cabut [Cabu], French caricaturist (Charlie Hebdo), born in Châlons-en-Champagne, France (d. 2015)
- 1940 Edmund White, American author
- 1941 Pasqual Maragall, Spanish politician
- 1945 [Eileen] Joy[ce] Chant [Rutter], UK, sci-fi author (High Kings)
- 1947 Jacek Majchrowski, Mayor of Kraków
- 1948 Gaj Singh, Maharaja of Jodhpur
- 1949 Rakesh Sharma, Indian cosmonaut (Soyuz T-11), first Indian in space, born in Patiala, India
- 1955 Jay McInerney, American novelist (Bright Lights, Big City), born in Hartford, Connecticut
- 1955 Titus M Mafolo, South African journalist/ANC-leader
- 1957 Lorrie Moore, American writer
- 1963 Kevin McClatchy, American businessman
- 1966 Tabitha Stevens, fictional character (Bewitched)
- 1972 Atoosa Rubenstein, Iranian-born American magazine editor