- 598 Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang, Emperor of China (626-49), born at Wugong (d. 649)
Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225-1274)
Italian theologian, Philosopher and Doctor of the Church (Summa Theologica) [birthdate is approximate], born in Roccasecca, Kingdom of Sicily
- 1312 Queen Joan II of Navarre (d. 1349)
- 1457 Henry VII, 1st Tudor king of England (1485-1509), born in Pembroke Castle, Wales (d. 1509)
- 1540 Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (d. 1610)
- 1578 Cornelis Haga, Dutch lawyer and ambassador to Constantinople (1611-39) (d. 1654)
- 1582 John Barclay, Scottish satirist writer and poet (Euphormio's Satyricon), born in Pont-à-Mousson, Lorraine, France (d. 1621)
- 1600 Clement IX [Giulio Rospigliosi], Italian Pope (238th: 1667-69), born in Pistoia, Italy (d. 1669)
- 1608 Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, mathematician and astronomer, born in Naples, Italy (d. 1679)
- 1611 Johannes Hevelius, Polish astronomer (created Atlas of the Moon, Catalogue of over 1500 stars), born in Danzig (d. 1687)
- 1622 Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (d. 1691)
- 1688 Jan Maurits Quinkhard, Dutch portrait painter, born in Rees, Netherlands (d. 1772)
- 1701 Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (d. 1774)
- 1702 Hermanus Noordkerk, Dutch lawyer (d. 1771)
- 1706 John Baskerville, English printer and type designer (printer to the University of Cambridge),, baptized in Wolverley, Worcestershire, England (d. 1775)
- 1712 Tokugawa Ieshige, Japanese shogun (d. 1761)
- 1714 Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, French sculptor (Child with Cage, Mercury Fastening his Sandals), born in Paris (d. 1785)
- 1717 Mustafa III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1774). Reigned 1757-74.
- 1719 Johann Elias Schlegel, German critic and poet (d. 1749)
- 1768 Frederick VI, King of Denmark (1808-39) and Norway (1808-1814), born in Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 1839)
George Hamilton-Gordon (1784-1860)
4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Peelite: 1852-55) and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1841-46), born in Edinburgh, Scotland
Robert McClure (1807-1873)
Irish explorer who discovered the Northwest passage, born in Wexford, Ireland
Alexander Mackenzie (1822-1892)
2nd Prime Minister of Canada (Liberal: 1873-78), born in Logierait, Scotland
- 1825 George Edward Pickett, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1875)
- 1828 Michel Abeloos, Flemish sculptor, born in Leuven (d. 1881)
- 1828 Thomas Carmichael Hindman, Jr., American attorney, and Confederate Army Major General, born in Knoxville Tennessee (d. 1868)
- 1831 Henry Brevard Davidson, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1899)
- 1833 Charles George Gordon, British general (put down Taiping rebellion in China) and administrator (Governor-General of Sudan), born in London, England (d. 1885)
Henry Morton Stanley (1841-1904)
Welsh journalist and African explorer (found Livingstone in Africa), born in Denbigh, Wales
- 1842 Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky, Russian imperial historian, born in Penza Governorate, Russia (d. 1911)
- 1853 Jose Martí y Perez, Cuban poet, essayist and politician (fought for independence from Spain), born in Havana, Cuba (d. 1895)
- 1855 William Seward Burroughs, American inventor of the 1st workable adding machine, born in rural New York (d. 1898)
- 1863 Ernst William Christmas, Australian painter (d. 1918)
- 1864 Herbert Akroyd Stuart, English engineer - inventor of the first compression ignition engine (d. 1927)
- 1865 Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, first president of Finland (d. 1952)
- 1865 Lala Lajpat Rai, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1928)
- 1874 Ernst Rabel, Austrian-American lawyer, human rights activist, and author (The Conflict of Laws: A Comparative Study), born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1955)
- 1884 Auguste Piccard, Swiss scientist, explorer and balloonist (1st flight into stratosphere, by balloon), born in Basel, Switzerland (d. 1962)
- 1884 Jean Felix Piccard, Swiss scientist, explorer and balloonist (1st flight into stratosphere, by balloon), born in Basel, Switzerland (d. 1963)
- 1884 Lucien d'Azambuja, French astronomer (studied the solar chromosphere), born in Paris, France (d. 1970)
- 1886 Hidetsugu Yagi, Japanese electrical engineer (d. 1976)
- 1886 Marthe Bibesco, Romanian writer (d. 1973)
- 1890 Robert Stroud, American murderer, convict, and ornithologist dubbed "Birdman of Alcatraz", born in Seattle Washington (d. 1963)
- 1891 Camille Melloy [Paepe], Belgian poet (Parfum des Buis), born in Melle (d. 1941)
- 1897 Valentin Kataev, novelist/playwright (Embezzled), born in Odessa Ukraine (d. 1986)
- 1898 Wies Moens, Flemish writer and historian born in Sint-Gillis-bij-Dendermonde, Belgium (d. 1982)
- 1899 Elias Simojoki, Finnish clergyman and politician (d. 1940)
- 1900 A. A. M. Stols, Dutch publisher (History of Ecuador), born in Maastricht, Netherlands (d. 1973)
- 1900 Alice Neel, American artist (d. 1984)
- 1900 Hermann Kesten, German writer (Allert de Lange), born in Pidvolochysk, Austro-Hungarian Empire (d. 1996)
- 1903 Kathleen Lonsdale, Irish-born British pacifist and crystallographer (one of 1st two women elected to Royal Society), born in Newbridge, Ireland (d. 1971)
- 1904 Canuplin, Filipino magician and bodabil entertainer (d. 1979)
- 1905 Luther Simjian, Armenian-American Inventor (teleprompter and first self-posing portrait camera), born in Aintab, Ottoman Empire (d. 1997)
- 1906 Harry van Kruiningen, Dutch painter and graphic artist, born in Kruiningen, Netherlands (d. 1996)
- 1911 Johan van Hulst, Dutch teacher who helped save 600 children from the Nazis, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 2018)
Jackson Pollock (1912-1956)
American expressionist painter (Lavender Mist), born in Cody, Wyoming
- 1913 Oliver Chesterton, British businessman (Chestertons Estate Agency) (d. 2007)
- 1918 Harry Corbett, English puppeteer (Sooty), TV presenter and magician, born in Bradford, England (d. 1989)
- 1918 Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Uruguayan politician, human rights activist who ran for President (d. 1988)
- 1920 James Whyte, Moderator (General Assembly of Church of Scotland)
- 1922 Robert W. Holley, American biochemist who worked with RNA (Nobel Prize 1968), born in Los Gatos, California (d. 1991)
- 1925 Henry Harris, British professor of medicine
- 1927 Anthony Garner, director (Conservative Central Office)
- 1927 J D Hughes, Principal (Ruskin College-Oxford)
- 1928 Martin Sinnatt, Major-General/secretary (Kennel Club)
- 1928 MG Falcon, CEO (Norwich Union Insurance Group)
- 1928 Slade Gorton, American politician (Sen-R-WA, 1981-87, 1989-2001), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2020)
- 1929 Claes Oldenburg, Swedish-American pop artist (Clothespin; Alphabet; Good Humor), born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 2022) [1]
- 1930 David Morris, British MEP
- 1931 Timothy Kitson, British politician
- 1932 David Thompson, CEO (Gestetner Holdings)
- 1932 Thomas J. Bliley Jr., American politician (Rep-R-VA, 1981-2001), born in Chesterfield County, Virginia
- 1934 BR White, principal (Regent's Park College-Oxford)
- 1935 David John Lodge, British writer and literary critic (Soul & Bodies), born in London, England
- 1935 Manuel dos Santos Lima, Angolan revolutionary and poet (Pele do Diabo), born in Silva Porto, Portuguese Empire
- 1936 Bill Jordan, British trade unionist
- 1936 Enid Castle, principal (Cheltenham Ladies' College)
- 1937 Bette Howland [Lee Sotonoff], American writer and literary critic (Blue in Chicago, The iron year), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2017)
- 1939 John M Fabian, Goosecreek Tx, Col USAF/astronaut (STS 7, STS 51G)
Carlos Slim (83 years old)
1940 Mexican business magnate (América Móvil) once ranked as the richest person in the world, born in Mexico City, Mexico
- 1944 James Cran, British MP
- 1944 John Edmonds, British trade unionist
- 1945 Nick Raynsford, British MP
- 1947 Jeanne Shaheen, American politician (Senator-D-New Hampshire 2009-), born in St. Charles, Missouri
- 1947 MJ Ainsworth, CEO (Institute of Chartered Secretaries)
- 1947 Txetxu Rojo, Spanish soccer forward (18 caps; Athletic Bilbao 413 games) and manager (Athletic Bilbao, Celta Vigo, Osasuna, Real Zaragoza), born in Bilbao, Spain (d. 2022)
- 1947 Valerie Bragg, principal (City Technology College-Kingshurst)
- 1948 Bennie Thompson, American politician (Rep (D) Mississippi 1993-, Chair Jan 6 Committee), born in Bolton, Mississippi
- 1948 Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997-2003), warlord and convicted war criminal, born in Arthington, Liberia
- 1948 Mamoru Mohri, Japanese scientist and astronaut (STS 47, born in Yoichi-machi Hokkaido
- 1949 Jerzy Szczakiel, Polish speedway rider (World Individual C'ship 1973; World Pairs C'ship 1971), born in Grudzicach, Poland (d. 2020)
- 1949 Thomas J. Downey, American politician (Rep-D-NY, 1975-93), born in Queens, New York
- 1950 David Carl Hilmers, American NASA astronaut (STS 51-J, 26, 36, 42), born in Clinton, Iowa
- 1950 Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain (1999 - present), born in Riffa, Bahrain
- 1951 Brian Bilbray, American politician
- 1951 Gordon Prentice, British MP
- 1951 Leonid Konstantinovich Kadenyuk, Kkishkov Ukraine, astronaut (STS 87)
- 1954 Rick Warren, American pastor and author
Nicolas Sarkozy (68 years old)
1955 23rd President of France (2007-12), born in Paris, France
- 1959 Randi Rhodes, Nova M Radio personality
- 1960 Robert von Dassanowsky, American cultural historian, writer, and producer
- 1962 Patrice Motsepe, South African mining businessman, Africa's 1st black billionaire (African Rainbow Minerals), born in Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
- 1969 Linda Sanchez, American politician
- 1971 Mickalene Thomas, American artist (Le Déjeuner Sur l'Herbe: Les Trois Femmes Noires), born in Camden, New Jersey
- 1972 Amy Coney Barrett, American jurist and lawyer (US Supreme Court 2020-), born in New Orleans, Louisiana
- 1975 David Zingler, American writer
- 1980 Jesse James, American drug dealer and fugitive, born in Hollywood, California
- 1985 Athina Onassis, daughter of Christina
Authors
Civil Rights Activists
Inventors
Kings
Revolutionaries
Scientists