Richard II (1367-1400)
King of England (1377-99), born in Bordeaux, Kingdom of France
John Smith (1580-1631)
English explorer (Chesapeake Bay, New England) and leader of the Virginia Colony (Jamestown), born in Lincolnshire, England
- 1587 Gaspar de Guzman, Count of Olivares, Premier of Spain (1621-43), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1645)
- 1595 Claude Favre de Vaugelas, Savoyard grammarian and man of letters, born in Meximieux, Duchy of Savoy (d. 1650)
- 1602 Carl von Rabenhaupt, Bohemian Hussite nobleman, born in Bohemia (d. 1675)
- 1617 Christoffer Gabel, Danish statesman, born in Glückstadt, Denmark (d. 1673)
- 1655 Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg, Holy Roman Empire Empress, born in Düsseldorf, Germany (d. 1720)
- 1655 Jakob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician, born in Basel, Switzerland (d. 1705)
- 1714 Percivall Pott, English physician, born in London, United Kingdom (d. 1788)
- 1728 Domingos dos Reis Quita, Portuguese playwright & poet, born in Lisbon, Portugal (d. 1770)
- 1732 Matija A Reljkovic, Habsburg military officer & Croatian writer (Satir iliti divji covic), born in Davor, Croatia (d. 1798)
- 1745 Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor and pioneer balloonist (Montgolfière-style hot air balloon), born in Annonay, France (d. 1799)
- 1776 Ferdinand von Schill, Prussian officer & rebel, born in Bannewitz, Germany (d. 1809)
- 1778 Thomas Lincoln, American farmer, carpenter, and father President Abraham Lincoln, born in Linville Creek, Virginia (d. 1851)
- 1793 James Madison Porter, American politician, born in Norristown, Pennsylvania (d. 1862)
- 1795 Anselme Payen, French chemist, born in Paris, France (d. 1871)
- 1799 Jedediah Smith, American fur trader & explorer, born in Tioga County, New York (d. 1831)
- 1800 Willem A. Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, Dutch politician, born in Doesburg, Netherlands (d. 1872)
- 1802 Ion Heliade-Radulescu, Romanian writer (Gramatica), born in Târgoviște, Romania (d. 1872)
- 1807 Joseph Holt, American lawyer, politician and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Breckinridge County, Kentucky (d. 1894)
- 1807 Jozef Maximilián Petzval, Slovak inventor, born in Spišská Belá, Slovakia (d. 1891)
- 1808 Joseph Pitty Couthouy, American naval officer, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1864)
- 1811 Charles Sumner, American leading Reconstruction senator, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1874)
- 1812 Melchora Aquino, Filipino revolutionary hero, born in Caloocan, Philippines (d. 1919)
- 1819 Baldassare Verazzi, Italian painter, born in Caprezzo, Italy (d. 1886)
Heinrich Schliemann (1822-1890)
German archaeologist who rediscovered Troy, born in Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Confederation
- 1826 Herman Grimm, German writer & novelist (Ralph Waldo Emerson), born in Kassel, Hesse (d. 1901)
- 1827 John Calvin Brown, Major General (Confederate Army), born in Giles County, Tennessee (d. 1889)
- 1827 John Wesley Frazer, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Hardin County, Tennessee (d. 1906)
- 1832 Gustave Doré, French painter and sculptor, born in Strasbourg, France (d. 1883)
- 1842 Clarence King, American geologist & mountaineer, born in Newport, Rhode Island (d. 1901)
- 1850 Eduard Bernstein, German Marxist (New Era), born in Schöneberg, Prussia (d. 1932)
- 1854 Sherlock Holmes, British fictional detective (as created by Arthur Conan Doyle)
- 1857 Hugh Mahon, Irish-born Australian politician, born in Killurin, Republic of Ireland (d. 1931)
- 1857 William E. Russell, 37th Governor of Massachusetts, born in Cambridge, Massachusetts (d. 1896)
- 1859 Samuel Alexander, English philosopher (Moral Order & Progress), born in Sydney, Australia (d. 1938)
- 1861 George Exton Lloyd, Anglican bishop and theologian, born in London, United Kingdom (d. 1940)
- 1861 Victor Horta, Belgium architect, founder of Art Nouveau movement (Hôtel Tassel), born in Ghent, Belgium (d. 1947)
- 1870 Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany, born in Ozyorsk, Russia (d. 1944)
- 1878 Carl Sandburg, American poet & biographer of Lincoln (The People, Yes), born in Galesburg, Illinois (d. 1967)
- 1882 Aleksandra Ekster, Russian painter, born in Białystok, Poland (d. 1949)
- 1882 Fan S. Noli, Albanian bishop, born in İbriktepe, Turkey (d. 1965)
- 1882 Samuel Rayburn, American politician (US Representative (D) from Texas, 1913-61; Speaker of the House for 17 years), born in Kingston, Tennessee (d. 1961)
- 1883 Khalil Gibran, Lebanese mystic & poet (The Prophet, Broken Wings), born in Bsharri, Lebanon (d. 1931)
- 1884 Harry Pace, American music label owner (Black Swan - 1st major label founded by a Black American), born in Covington, Georgia (d. 1943)
- 1889 Alan Mara Bateman, Canadian geologist (Yale professor), born in Kingston, Canada (d. 1971)
- 1896 Abram Nicholas Pritzker, American businessman (Hyatt Hotels, McCall's magazine), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1986)
- 1896 Freerk Siemon Wolters, Dutch resistance fighter, born in Zuidwolde, Netherlands (d. 1945)
- 1898 Charles E. Pont, French-born Swiss-American artist, born in Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France (d. 1971)
- 1898 Jan Filip Boon, Flemish journalist & editor (De Standaard 1929-39), born in Halle, Belgium (d. 1960)
- 1900 Queen Maria of Yugoslavia [Maria of Romania], Queen consort of Yugoslavia (1922-34), born in Gotha, German Empire (d. 1961)
- 1902 Helmut Poppendick, Nazi physician, born in Hude, Germany (d. 1994)
- 1905 Eric Frank Russell, British sci-fi author (Hugo, Deep Space, Dark Tides), born in Sandhurst, Berkshire (d. 1978)
- 1906 Benedict Vilakazi, South African Zulu poet & educator (Zulu-English Dictionary), born in KwaDukuza, Natal (d. 1947)
- 1906 Jaap Wagemaker, Dutch sculptor, born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1972)
- 1907 David Fleay, Australian naturalist, born in Ballarat, Victoria (d. 1993)
- 1909 Joop Moesman, Dutch surrealist painter (Rumor), born in Utrecht, Netherlands (d. 1988)
- 1910 Wright Morris, American novelist & photographer, born in Central City, Nebraska (d. 1998)
- 1911 Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chilean political leader (President 1964-70), born in Santiago, Chile (d. 1982)
- 1912 Jacques Cesar Ellul, French philosopher & sociologist, born in Bordeaux, France (d. 1994)
- 1913 Edward Gierek, Polish communist politician, born in Porąbka, Poland (d. 2001)
- 1915 Alan Watts, British-American philosopher (Book on the Taboo), born in Chislehurst, United Kingdom (d. 1973)
- 1915 Don Edwards, American politician and civil rights champion (Rep-D-CA, 1963-94), born in San Jose, California (d. 2015)
- 1915 John C. Lilly, U.S. psychoanalyst & writer, born in Saint Paul, Minnesota (d. 2001)
- 1916 Vincent Serventy, Australian writer and conservationist, born in Armadale, Australia (d. 2007)
- 1917 Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman & diplomat, born in Taichung, Taiwan (d. 2005)
- 1920 Doris Stokes, British psychic medium, born in Grantham, United Kingdom (d. 1987)
- 1920 John Maynard Smith, English biologist, born in London, United Kingdom (d. 2004)
- 1921 Lou Harris, American pollster (Lou Harris Poll), born in New Haven, Connecticut (d. 2016)
- 1923 Jacobo Timerman, Soviet-born Argentine writer, born in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (d. 1999)
- 1923 Leah Chase, New Orleans chef & author, born in New Orleans, Louisiana
- 1925 John Z. DeLorean, American automaker (DeLorean), born in Detroit, Michigan (d. 2005)
- 1927 Jesse Leonard Steinfeld, 11th US Surgeon General (1969-73), born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (d. 2014)
- 1928 George H. Ross, American businessman, born in Brooklyn, New York
- 1929 Babrak Karmal, Afghani politician installed as President after Soviet invasion, born in Afghanistan (d. 1996)
- 1930 Denis Pitts, English journalist
- 1931 E. L. Doctorow, American author (Ragtime; Billy Bathgate), born in The Bronx, New York (d. 2015)
- 1932 Stuart A. Rice, American chemist, born in NYC, New York
- 1933 Fred L. Turner, American businessman (CEO of McDonalds, 1977-2004), born in Des Moines, Iowa (d. 2013)
- 1934 Harry M. Miller, Australian entrepreneur, born in Auckland, New Zealand (d. 2018)
- 1934 Tassos Papadopoulos, Cypriot politician & barrister (President, 2003–2008), born in Nicosia, Cyprus (d. 2008)
- 1935 Margarita Gomez-Acebo y Cejuela, Tsaritsa of Bulgaria, born in Madrid, Spain
- 1936 Julio Maria Sanguinetti Cairolo, Uruguayan politician (President, 1985-90, 1995-2000), born in Montevideo, Uruguay
- 1938 Mario Rodríguez Cobos (aka Silo), Argentine writer and spiritual leader, born in Mendoza, Argentina (d. 2010)
- 1938 Prof Adrienne Clarke, Australian botanist, born in Melbourne, Australia
- 1940 Ed Zschau, American politician (Rep-R-CA, 1983- ), born in Omaha, Nebraska
- 1940 Penny Lernoux, American journalist, born in California (d. 1989)
- 1943 Osvaldo Soriano, Argentine journalist & writer, born in Mar del Plata, Argentina (d. 1997)
- 1944 Henry Kravis, American businessman & author (The Money Machine), born in Tulsa, Oklahoma
- 1944 Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Swiss immunologist & Nobel laureate, born in Riehen, Switzerland
- 1945 Allen Appel, American novelist, born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
- 1945 Barry Lopez, American author (Of Wolves & Men), born in Port Chester, New York
- 1948 Bob Wise, American politician (Governor of West Virginia 2001-05, Rep-D-WV, 1983-2001), born in Washington, D.C.
- 1948 Guy Gardner, US Air Force officer & astronaut (STS 27, STS 35), born in Altavista, Virginia
- 1950 Louis Freeh, American attorney & FBI director, born in Jersey City, New Jersey
- 1954 Hans Robert Hiegel, German architect, born in Kaiserslautern, Germany
- 1957 Michael Foale, British-American astrophysicist and astronaut (STS 45, 56, 63, 84/86), born in Louth, England
- 1963 Philippe Perrin, French test pilot, born in Meknes, Morocco
- 1964 Anthony Scaramucci, American financier and White House Communications Director (2017-), born in Long Island, New York
- 1965 Bjorn Lomborg, Danish mathematician, born in Frederiksberg, Denmark
- 1965 Muhammed al-Ahari, American Muslim writer
- 1975 Jason King, English radio DJ (Radio 1), born in Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom
- 1989 Baby lion-tailed macaques, at Woodland Park Zoo (Seattle, Washington)
Authors
Civil Rights Activists
Inventors
Kings
Revolutionaries
Scientists