- 1508 Primož Trubar, Slovenian Protestant reformer (d. 1586)
- 1510 Nicolaas van Nieuwland, corrupt 1st bishop of Harlem
- 1573 Henricus Hondius, Dutch etcher and publisher
- 1580 Daniel Heinsius, Flemish scholar (d. 1655)
- 1595 Władysław IV Vasa, King of Poland (1632-48), born in Kraków (d. 1648)
- 1597 Pieter Jansz Saenredam, Dutch architecture painter, born in Assendelft
- 1640 Leopold I, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1658-1705), born in Vienna (d. 1705)
- 1661 Tsar Feodor III of Russia (1676-82), born in Moscow, Tsardom of Russia (d. 1682)
Peter the Great
1672 Peter the Great [Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov], Tsar of Russia (1682-1725), born in Moscow (d. 1725)
Peter the Great
George Stephenson
1781 George Stephenson, English engineer known as the "Father of Railways" (Locomotion No. 1, Standard Gauge), born in Newcastle, England
George Stephenson
- 1792 Frederic de Merode, Earl of Merode, Belgian revolutionary, born in Maastricht (d. 1830)
- 1812 Hermann von Fehling, German chemist (Fehling's reagens)
- 1812 Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (discovered Neptune), born in Radis, Kingdom of Saxony (d. 1910)
- 1833 John Rogers Cooke, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1891)
- 1836 Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, 1st qualified woman physician in Britain, first woman mayor (Aldeburgh), born in London (d. 1917)
- 1843 Bertha von Suttner, Austrian novelist and pacifist (1st woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905), born in Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia (d. 1914)
- 1845 Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, Governor General of Canada and India, born in London (d. 1914)
- 1849 Michael Peter Ancher, Danish painter (d. 1927)
- 1851 Charles Joseph Bonaparte, American Lawyer and political activist (US Attorney General (1906-9), born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1921)
- 1854 Gerard Bolland, Dutch philosopher (Bolland Society), born in Groningen, Netherlands (d. 1922)
- 1861 Floris Verster [van Wulverhorst], Dutch painter, cartoonist and etcher, born in Leiden, Netherlands (d. 1927)
- 1875 Henry Dale, English physiologist (Nobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology 1936), born in London, England (d. 1968)
- 1877 Rudolf Borchardt, German writer, born in Königsberg, Germany (d. 1945)
- 1879 Oscar Back, Austrian-Dutch viola player
- 1896 Catherine Filene Shouse, American philanthropist (Wolf Trap Institute), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1994)
- 1898 Curzio Malaparte [Kurt E. Suckert], Italian author (Kaputt)
- 1900 Prosper Cocquyt, Belgian brewer and pilot, born in Astène, Belgium (d. 1954)
- 1901 George Price, American cartoonist (The New Yorker), born in Fort Lee, New Jersey (d. 1995)
- 1909 Jose Luis Lopez Aranguren, Spanish philosopher, born in Avila, Spain (d. 1996)
- 1913 Alida Margaretha Bosshardt, lt-colonel of Dutch Salvation Army
- 1913 Patrick Steptoe, English scientist (developed in vitro fertilization), born in Oxford, England (d. 1988)
- 1916 Robert McNamara, American United States Secretary of Defense (1961-68), played major role in US escalation in Vietnam, born in San Francisco, California (d. 2009)
- 1917 Eric J. Hobsbawm, Marxist historian (The Age of Revolution; Capital; and Empire), born in Alexandria, Sultanate of Egypt, (d. 2012)
- 1920 June Braybrooke [Isobel English], English writer (Every Eye), born in London, England (d. 1994)
- 1921 Arthur Hertzberg, American Jewish scholar (d. 2006)
- 1921 Forrest Bird, American aviator and inventor (1st respirators and ventilators), born in Stoughton, Massachusetts (d. 2015)
- 1922 George Axelrod, American playwright (Breakfast at Tiffany, Bus Stop), born in New York City (d. 2003)
- 1922 Peter Beazley, British politician (C) (European Parliament), born in Chale, Isle of Wight (d. 2004)
- 1922 John Gillespie Magee, Jr., American poet and aviator (d. 1941)
- 1925 Roy Hughes, Baron Islwyn, British politician (L), born in Pontllanfraith, Monmouthshire (d. 2003)
- 1925 Keith Laumer [Anthony LeBaron], American sci-fi author (Retief's War), born in Syracuse, New York (d. 1993)
- 1927 Norman Sisisky, American politician (Rep-D-VA, 1983-2001), born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 2001)
- 1928 Geraint Gruffydd, Welsh scholar (University of Wales), born in Tal-y-bont, Wales (d. 2015)
- 1929 Robert Badham, American politician (Rep-R-CA, 1977-89), born in Los Angeles, California (d. 2005)
- 1930 Lin Carter, American sci-fi author (Thongor of Lemuria), born in St. Petersburg, Florida
- 1930 Ragnhild Alexandra [Princess Ragnhild, Mrs Lorentzen], Norwegian princess, born in the Royal Palace, Oslo, Norway (d. 2012)
- 1930 Carlos Vilar, Argentine sailor (Snipe World Championships gold 1948, 51), born in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 2021)
- 1933 Don Young, American politician (Rep-R-AK, 1973- ), born in Meridian, California
- 1934 Donald Duck, famous fowl
- 1934 Michael Mates, British politician (C) resigned during Asil Nadir scandal, born in Brentford, Middlesex
- 1937 Harald Rosenthal, German biologist (lobbied against ballast water pollution), born in Berlin, Germany
- 1938 Jeremy Hardie, British economic and businessman (W H Smith Group, Monopoly and Mergers Commission)
- 1938 Peter Sanders, British head of the Commission for Racial Equality
- 1938 Roger Hurn, British businessman (Smith's Industries)
- 1939 Charles Webb, American writer (The Graduate), born in San Francisco, California (d. 2020)
- 1941 Peter Wilson, CEO (Gallaher)
- 1942 Nicholas Lloyd, British editor (The Daily Express)
- 1943 Charles Saatchi, Iraqi English magnate and art collector (founded advertising company Saatchi & Saatchi), born in Baghdad, Iraq
- 1943 Joe Haldeman, American sci-fi author (The Forever War), born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- 1944 23 puppies (record litter), born to Lena, a foxhound in Ambler, Pennsylvania
- 1945 Nike Wagner, German woman of the theater and descendant of Wagner and Liszt, born in Überlingen, Germany
- 1947 John Gurda, American historian (The Making of Milwaukee,), born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- 1948 Gudrun Schyman, Swedish politician (Feminist Initiative), born in Täby, Sweden
- 1954 George Pérez, American comic book artist (The Avenger, Teen Titans), born in New York City
- 1954 Gregory Maguire, American fantasy writer (Wicked), born in Albany, New York
- 1956 Patricia Cornwell, American author (Kay Scarpetta crime novels), born in Miami, Florida
- 1959 Christian Wulff, German politician, prime minister of Lower Saxony (2003-10) and President of Germany (2010-12), born in Osnabrück, West Germany
- 1959 Benny Gantz, Israeli soldier, politician and Alternate Prime Minister of Israel (Blue and White: 2020-), born in Kfar Ahim, Israel
- 1960 Steve Paikin, Canadian journalist, born in Hamilton, Ontario
- 1974 Tim Shaw, British radio personality
- 1977 Roopa Mishra, Indian civil servant
- 1978 Shandi Finnessey, game hostess