- 1638 Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic and religious leader, born in Regensburg, Germany (d. 1710)
- 1692 Pieter Musschenbroek, Dutch mathematician and physician (Leyden jar)
- 1782 Thomas Hart Benton, American politician, born in Harts Mill, North Carolina (d. 1858)
- 1790 Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver, born in Hanau, Germany (d. 1863)
- 1800 James Bogardus, American inventor and builder (made cast-iron buildings), born in Catskill, New York (d. 1874)
- 1807 Josephine of Leuchtenberg, Queen of Sweden and Norway, born in Milan, Italy (d. 1876)
- 1808 Catharinus Putnam Buckingham, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Zanesville, Ohio (d. 1888)
- 1816 Montgomery Dent Corse, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Alexandria, Virginia (d. 1895)
Victor Emmanuel II
1820 Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia (1849-61) and Italy (1861-78), born in Torino, Italy (d. 1878)
Victor Emmanuel II
- 1821 Jens Worsaae, Danish archaeologist, historian and politician, born in Vejle, Denmark (d. 1885)
- 1822 Teresa of the Two Sicilies, Empress of Brazil (1843-89), born in Naples, Two Sicilies (d. 1889)
- 1823 Roswell S. Ripley, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Worthington, Ohio (d. 1887)
- 1823 Théodore de Banville, French writer, born in Moulins, France (d. 1891)
- 1829 Charles Charlesworth, English boy who died of old age before he was 7 years old, born in Straffordshire, England
- 1833 John S. Marmaduke, 25th Governor of Missouri and Major General (Confederate Army), born in Saline County, Missouri (d. 1887)
- 1833 Lucy Hobbs Taylor, 1st US woman dentist, born in Constable, New York (1866)
- 1835 Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (discovered canals of Mars), born in Savigliano, Italy (d. 1910)
- 1837 Charles Ammi Cutter, American librarian (Expansive classification), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1903)
- 1844 King Umberto I of Italy (1878-1900), born in Turin, Italy (d. 1900)
- 1847 Antonio de Castro Alves, Brazilian poet (Espumas Flutuantes), born in Muritiba, Brazil (d. 1871)
- 1853 Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter, born in Bern, Switzerland (d. 1918)
- 1854 Paul Ehrlich, German bacteriologist and physician (Chemotherapy, Nobel Prize 1908), Strehlen, Lower Silesia, German Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1915)
- 1854 Thomas Riley Marshall, 28th Vice President of U.S. (1913-21), born in North Manchester, Indiana (d. 1925)
- 1854 Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian writer, born in Bucharest (d. 1920)
- 1854 John Lane, British publisher (The Bodley Head), born in Devon (d. 1925)
- 1862 Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian-American physicist and meteorologist, born in Christiania, Norway (d. 1951)
- 1864 Casey [John] Jones, American railroad engineer who dies trying to save a train (Ballad of Casey Jones), born in Missouri (d. 1900)
- 1869 Algernon Blackwood, English novelist (The Willows), born in Shooter's Hill, Kent, England (d. 1951)
- 1873 Johannes Aengenent, Bishop of Haarlem (1928-35), born in Rotterdam, Netherlands (d. 1935)
- 1874 Anton Philips, Co-Founder of Royal Philips Electronics N.V., born in Zaltbommel, Gelderland, Netherlands (d. 1951)
- 1875 Isadore Gilbert Mudge, American librarian and author (Thackeray Dictionary), born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1957)
- 1878 Carel T Scharten, Dutch poet and writer (Forces of the Future), born in Middelburg, Netherlands (d. 1950)
Albert Einstein
1879 Albert Einstein, German-born theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate (theory of relativity), born in Ulm, German Empire (d. 1955)
Albert Einstein
- 1882 Waclaw Sierpinski, Polish mathematician (Sierpinski triangle), born in Warsaw, Kingdom of Poland (d. 1969)
- 1884 Albert Egges van Giffen, Dutch archaeologist, born in Noordhorn, Netherlands (d. 1973)
- 1885 Gervais Raoul Lufbery, French-American World War I fighter pilot and flying ace, born in Chamalières, France (d. 1918)
- 1887 George Creten, Belgian sculptor and painter, born in Saint-Gilles, Belgium (d. 1966)
- 1887 Sylvia Beach, American publisher and bookseller (Shakespeare and Company), born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1962)
- 1888 Marc-Aurèle Fortin, Quebec painter (d. 1970)
- 1891 John P Strijbos, Dutch writer (Wandering through South-Africa)
- 1892 Olive Netta Parsons, co-founder (Collet's Bookshop)
- 1895 Frans Ganshof, Belgian historian
- 1898 Arnold Chikobava, Georgian linguist (d. 1985)
- 1899 K.C. Irving, Canadian industrialist (d. 1992)
- 1903 Molla Mustafa Barzani, Iran, Kurd leader (KDP)
- 1903 Adolph Gottlieb American painter (d. 1974)
- 1905 Raymond Aron, French sociologist/political scientist
- 1908 Maurice (Jean Jacques) Merleau-Ponty, French philosopher
- 1908 Ed Heinemann, American aircraft designer (Douglas Aircraft; d. 1991)
- 1909 Andre Pieyre de Mandiargues, French writer (Margin)
- 1914 Henry Ralph Carr, soldier
- 1915 Kenneth Rowntree, painter
- 1917 Macha Louis Rosenthal, critic/poet
- 1919 Max Shulman, novelist (Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, Tender Trap)
- 1920 Hank Ketcham, cartoonist (Dennis the Menace)
- 1921 S. Truett Cathy, founder of Chick-fil-A
- 1922 Colin Fletcher, Welsh author and pioneering backpacker (Walking Through Time), born in Cardiff, Wales (d. 2007)
- 1925 John Barrington Wain, English novelist/poet (Hurry on Down)
- 1925 Francis A. Marzen, American Catholic prelate (d. 2004)
- 1927 Joop F Wolff, Dutch editor (Truth)/Dutch politician (CPN)
Frank Borman
1928 Frank Borman, American astronaut (Gemini 7, Apollo 8) and CEO of Eastern Air Lines (1975-86), born in Gary, Indiana
Frank Borman
- 1932 Naina Yeltsina, Russia's first First Lady
- 1933 René Felber, former member of the Swiss Federal Council
- 1934 Eugene A Cernan, Capt USN, astronaut (Gemini 9, Apollo 10 17), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2017)
- 1934 Paul Rader, the 15th General of The Salvation Army
- 1939 William Benjamin Lenoir, astronaut (STS 5), born in Miami, Florida
- 1942 John Whittaker, English real estate developer (Peel Holdings)
- 1944 Peter Paul Zahl, writer
- 1947 Jan at Veldhuis, Dutch politician (VVD)
- 1947 Jimmy O'Rourke, rocker
- 1947 William Jefferson, (Rep-D-Louisiana)
- 1947 Pam Ayres, British poet
- 1948 Tom Coburn, American politician (Sen-R-Oklahoma 2005-2015, Rep-R-Oklahoma 1995-2001), born in Casper, Wyoming (d. 2020)
- 1949 Michael Stedman, British World War I Historian and Author
- 1950 Michael Ford, son of US President Gerald & Betty Ford
- 1951 Jerry Greenfield, American businessman and co-founder of Ben & Jerry's ice cream, born in Brooklyn, New York
- 1952 J Fred Muggs, chimpanzee (Today show), born in French Cameroon
Martin Dempsey
1952 Martin Dempsey, American General, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (2011-), born in Jersey City, New Jersey
Martin Dempsey
- 1956 Natalya Dmitriyevna Kuleshova, Russian cosmonaut
- 1956 Alexey Pajitnov, Russian video game designer (Tetris), born in Moscow, Soviet Union
- 1957 Andrew Robinson, British author
- 1957 Tad Williams, American fantasy and science fiction author, born in San Jose, California
- 1957 Mark Gordon, American politician, Governor of Wyoming (2019-), born in New York City
Danny Meyer
1958 Danny Meyer, American restaurateur (Shake Shack, Union Square Cafe), born in St. Louis, Missouri
Danny Meyer
- 1961 Gary Dell'Abate, producer (Howard Stern Show)
- 1961 Grigoriy Kornev, Russian speed walker (world record 5 km)
- 1963 Pedro Duque, engineer/astronaut (STS 78 alt, sk:95), born in Madrid, Spain
- 1967 Edward M Fincke, Capt USAF/astronaut, born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- 1978 Carlo Giuliani, Italian anarchist (d. 2001)
- 1989 Oliver Bernsen, son of Corbin Bernsen & Amanda Pays