- 745 Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam, born in Al-Abwa, Medina (d. 799)
- 1341 Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English statesman, born in Alnwick, Northumberland, England (d. 1408)
- 1433 Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1467-77), born in Dijon, France (d. 1477)
- 1480 Bridget of York, English princess and nun, born in Eltham Palace, London (d. 1517)
Martin Luther
1483 Martin Luther, German theologian and key figure in the Protestant Reformation, born in Eisleben, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1546)
Martin Luther
- 1565 Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex and favorite of Elizabeth I, born in Herefordshire, England (d. 1601)
- 1565 Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer, born in Söderköping, Sweden (d. 1646)
- 1577 Jacob Cats [Father Cats], Dutch grand pensionary and poet (Houwelyck), born in Brouwershaven, Netherlands (d. 1660)
- 1620 Anne "Ninon" de l'Enclos, French patron of the arts, courtesan and writer, born in Paris, France (d. 1705)
- 1668 Louis III, Prince of Condé and Duke de Bourbon, born in Paris (d. 1710)
- 1695 John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (discovered Crab Nebula), born in Old Sarum, Wiltshire (d. 1771)
- 1697 William Hogarth, English satiric painter and engraver (Rake's Progress), born in London (d. 1764)
- 1710 Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman, born in Walkendorf, Germany (d. 1792)
- 1730 Oliver Goldsmith, Irish novelist and dramatist (She Stoops to Conquer), born in Kilkenny West, Ireland (d. 1774)
- 1735 Granville Sharp, English abolitionist, born in Durham, England (d. 1813)
- 1793 Jared Kirtland, American physician, naturalist and reformed penitentiaries, born in Wallingford, Connecticut (d. 1877)
- 1801 Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer, born in Lugansk, Russian Empire (d. 1872)
- 1801 Samuel Gridley Howe, United States physician, abolitionist, and advocate of education for the blind, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1876)
- 1810 George Jennings, English sanitary engineer, born in Eling, Hampshire (d. 1882)
- 1819 Cyrus West Field, American financier noted for success of 1st transatlantic cable, born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts (d. 1892)
- 1827 Alfred Howe Terry, American Major General (Union Army), born in Hartford, Connecticut (d. 1890)
- 1830 Albert Gallatin Jenkins, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Cabell County, Virginia (d. 1864)
- 1833 Dobri Voynikov, Bulgarian teacher, playwright and journalist (The Phoney Civilization), born in Şumnu, Ottoman Empire (d. 1878)
- 1834 Jose Hernandez, Argentine poet (MartinFierro), born in Chacra de Pueyrredon, Argentina (d. 1886)
- 1834 Wager Swayne, American Colonel (Union Army), born in Columbus, Ohio (d. 1902)
- 1844 Henry Eyster Jacobs, American Lutheran theologian, born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (d. 1932)
John Thompson
1845 John Thompson, 4th Prime Minister of Canada (C: 1892-94), born in Halifax, Nova Scotia (d. 1894)
John Thompson
- 1861 Robert T. A. Innes, Scottish astronomer (Proxima Centauri), born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d. 1933)
- 1868 Gichin Funakoshi, Japanese martial artist, Father of Japanese Shotokan Karatedo, born in Shuri, Okinawa, Japan (d. 1957)
- 1871 Winston Churchill, American author (Crisis, Crossing), born in St. Louis, Missouri (d. 1947)
- 1879 Nicholas Vachel Lindsay, American poet (Gen William Booth enters Heaven), born in Springfield, Illinois (d. 1931)
- 1879 Patrick Pearse, Irish poet, nationalist and political activist, born in Dublin, Ireland (d. 1916)
- 1880 Aart A van Schelven, Dutch church historian (Willem of Orange)
- 1880 Jacob Epstein, American-English sculptor (Adam, Jacob & the Angel), born in NYC, New York (d. 1959)
- 1882 Max Mell, Austria artillery officer and literary (Donauweibchen), born in Maribor, Slovenia (d. 1971)
- 1884 Jan van Nijlen, Flemish poet and author (Bird Phoenix), born in Antwerp, Belgium (d. 1965)
- 1887 Arnold Zweig, German antifascist and author (Erziehung vor Verdun), born in Glogau, Silesia, Germany (d. 1968)
- 1888 Andrej Tupolev, Russian aircraft builder, born in Pustomazovo, Russia (d. 1972)
- 1893 John P. Marquand, American writer (The Late George Apley), born in Wilmington, Delaware (d. 1960)
- 1895 John Knudsen Northrop, American aircraft designer (Northrop Air), born in Newark, New Jersey (d. 1981)
- 1902 Murk Ozinga, Dutch building historian (Monuments of Curacao)
- 1906 Josef Kramer, German concentration camp Commandant dubbed "The Beast of Belsen", born in Munich, Germany (d. 1945)
- 1907 John Moore, English author (Portrait of Elmbury, Brensham Village and The Blue Field), born in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England (d. 1967)
- 1908 Charles Merritt, Canadian Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross during World War II, born in Vancouver, Canada (d. 2000)
- 1909 Paweł Jasienica, Polish historian, born in Ulyanovsk, Russia (d. 1970)
- 1913 Alvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician and writer, born in Coimbra, Portugal (d. 2005)
- 1918 Ernst Fischer, German chemist (Nobel 1973), born in Munich, Germany (d. 2007)
- 1919 Moise Tshombe, President of Katanga, then premier of the Congo (Zaire), born in Musumba (d. 1969)
- 1919 Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, Russian general and inventor (AK-47), born in Kurya, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia (d. 2013)
- 1920 Rafael del Pino, Spanish entrepreneur
- 1927 Jacob Pleydell-Bouvery 8th earl of Radnor/art collector
- 1928 William Staveley, British admiral
- 1929 Ninón Sevilla, Cuban-Mexican actress (Aventurera, Víctimas del Pecado), born in Havana, Cuba (d. 2015)
- 1930 Clarence M Pendleton Jr, chairman of US comm on Civil Rights (1981-88)
- 1933 Ronald Evans, American astronaut (d. 1990)
- 1935 Ronald Ellwin Evans, Captain USN/astronaut (Apollo 17), born in St. Francis, Kansas
- 1935 Igor Dmitrievich Novikov, Russian astrophysicist
- 1935 Bernard Babior, American biochemist
- 1941 John Geoghegan, Silver Star recipient (d. 1965)
Robert F. Engle
1942 Robert F. Engle, American economist and 2003 Nobel laureate for economic time series analysis, born in Syracuse, New York
Robert F. Engle
- 1942 Hans-Rudolf Merz, Swiss Federal Councilor
- 1943 Saxby Chambliss, American politician
- 1944 Silvestre Reyes, American politician
- 1946 David Stockman, Reagan's ex-budget director
- 1946 Jack Ketchum [Dallas William Mayr], American horror fiction author (Off Season, Red, The Woman), born in Livingston, New Jersey (d. 2018)
- 1947 Bechir Gemayel, pres Lebanon (8/23-9/14, 1982)
- 1948 Aaron Brown, American broadcast journalist
- 1955 James Chapman, American novelist
- 1956 Mohsen Badawi, Egyptian entrepreneur and activist
- 1961 Rudolf Grimm, Austrian physics professor
- 1961 John Walton, English darts player
- 1965 Eddie Irvine, Northern Irish race car driver
- 1968 Steve Brookstein, English X Factor winner
- 1977 Josh Barnett, American Mixed Martial Artist
- 1980 Calvin Chen, One of the four members of the Taiwanese boy band, Fei Lun Hai/Fahrenhiet
- 1981 Jason L. Dunham, American Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2004)
- 1985 David Lee Rohr Jr, transplant donor