Martin Luther
1483 Martin Luther, German theologian and key figure in the Protestant Reformation, born in Eisleben, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1546)
Martin Luther
- 1565 Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex and favorite of Elizabeth I, born in Herefordshire, England (d. 1601)
- 1565 Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer, born in Söderköping, Sweden (d. 1646)
- 1577 Jacob Cats [Father Cats], Dutch grand pensionary and poet (Houwelyck), born in Brouwershaven, Netherlands (d. 1660)
- 1620 Anne "Ninon" de l'Enclos, French patron of the arts, courtesan and writer, born in Paris, France (d. 1705)
- 1668 Louis III, Prince of Condé and Duke de Bourbon, born in Paris (d. 1710)
- 1695 John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (discovered Crab Nebula), born in Old Sarum, Wiltshire (d. 1771)
- 1697 William Hogarth, English satiric painter and engraver (Rake's Progress), born in London (d. 1764)
- 1710 Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman, born in Walkendorf, Germany (d. 1792)
- 1730 Oliver Goldsmith, Irish novelist and dramatist (She Stoops to Conquer), born in Kilkenny West, Ireland (d. 1774)
- 1735 Granville Sharp, English abolitionist, born in Durham, England (d. 1813)
- 1793 Jared Kirtland, American physician, naturalist and reformed penitentiaries, born in Wallingford, Connecticut (d. 1877)
- 1801 Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer, born in Lugansk, Russian Empire (d. 1872)
- 1801 Samuel Gridley Howe, United States physician, abolitionist, and advocate of education for the blind, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1876)
- 1810 George Jennings, English sanitary engineer, born in Eling, Hampshire (d. 1882)
- 1819 Cyrus West Field, American financier noted for success of 1st transatlantic cable, born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts (d. 1892)
- 1827 Alfred Howe Terry, American Major General (Union Army), born in Hartford, Connecticut (d. 1890)
- 1830 Albert Gallatin Jenkins, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Cabell County, Virginia (d. 1864)
- 1833 Dobri Voynikov, Bulgarian teacher, playwright and journalist (The Phoney Civilization), born in Şumnu, Ottoman Empire (d. 1878)
- 1834 Jose Hernandez, Argentine poet (MartinFierro), born in Chacra de Pueyrredon, Argentina (d. 1886)
- 1834 Wager Swayne, American Colonel (Union Army), born in Columbus, Ohio (d. 1902)
- 1844 Henry Eyster Jacobs, American Lutheran theologian, born in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (d. 1932)
John Thompson
1845 John Thompson, 4th Prime Minister of Canada (C: 1892-94), born in Halifax, Nova Scotia (d. 1894)
John Thompson
- 1861 Robert T. A. Innes, Scottish astronomer (Proxima Centauri), born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d. 1933)
- 1868 Gichin Funakoshi, Japanese martial artist, Father of Japanese Shotokan Karatedo, born in Shuri, Okinawa, Japan (d. 1957)
- 1869 Gaetano Bresci, Italian-American anarchist (assassinated King Umberto I of Italy on July 29, 1900), born in Coiano, Prato, Tuscany (d. 1901)
- 1871 Winston Churchill, American author (Crisis, Crossing), born in St. Louis, Missouri (d. 1947)
- 1879 Nicholas Vachel Lindsay, American poet (Gen William Booth enters Heaven), born in Springfield, Illinois (d. 1931)
- 1879 Patrick Pearse, Irish poet, nationalist and political activist, born in Dublin, Ireland (d. 1916)
- 1880 Aart A van Schelven, Dutch church historian (Willem of Orange)
- 1880 Jacob Epstein, American-English sculptor (Adam, Jacob & the Angel), born in NYC, New York (d. 1959)
- 1882 Max Mell, Austria artillery officer and literary (Donauweibchen), born in Maribor, Slovenia (d. 1971)
- 1884 Jan van Nijlen, Flemish poet and author (Bird Phoenix), born in Antwerp, Belgium (d. 1965)
- 1887 Arnold Zweig, German antifascist and author (Erziehung vor Verdun), born in Glogau, Silesia, Germany (d. 1968)
- 1888 Andrej Tupolev, Russian aircraft builder, born in Pustomazovo, Russia (d. 1972)
- 1893 John P. Marquand, American writer (The Late George Apley), born in Wilmington, Delaware (d. 1960)
- 1895 John Knudsen Northrop, American aircraft designer (Northrop Air), born in Newark, New Jersey (d. 1981)
- 1902 Murk Ozinga, Dutch building historian (Monuments of Curacao)
- 1906 Josef Kramer, German concentration camp Commandant dubbed "The Beast of Belsen", born in Munich, Germany (d. 1945)
- 1907 John Moore, English author (Portrait of Elmbury, Brensham Village and The Blue Field), born in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England (d. 1967)
- 1908 Charles Merritt, Canadian Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross during World War II, born in Vancouver, British Columbia (d. 2000)
- 1909 Paweł Jasienica, Polish historian, born in Ulyanovsk, Russia (d. 1970)
- 1913 Alvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician and writer, born in Coimbra, Portugal (d. 2005)
- 1918 Ernst Fischer, German chemist (Nobel 1973), born in Munich, Germany (d. 2007)
- 1919 Moise Tshombe, President of Katanga, then premier of the Congo (Zaire), born in Musumba (d. 1969)
Mikhail Kalashnikov
1919 Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russian general and inventor of the AK-47, born in Kurya, Kuryinsky District, Altai Krai, Russia (d. 2013)
Mikhail Kalashnikov
- 1920 Rafael del Pino, Spanish entrepreneur, born in Madrid, Spain (d. 2008)
- 1927 Jacob Pleydell-Bouvery, 8th earl of Radnor and art collector (d. 2008)
- 1928 William Staveley, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1997)
- 1929 Ninón Sevilla, Cuban-Mexican actress (Aventurera, Víctimas del Pecado), born in Havana, Cuba (d. 2015)
- 1929 W. E. B. Griffin [William Edmund Butterworth], American best-selling author (Clandestine Operations, The Lieutenants), born in Newark, New Jersey (d. 2019)
- 1930 Clarence M. Pendleton Jr., African-American chairman of the United States Commission on Civil Rights (1981-88), born in Louisville, Kentucky (d. 1988)
- 1933 Ronald Evans, American naval officer and NASA astronaut, born in St. Francis, Kansas (d. 1990)
- 1935 Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov, Russian astrophysicist and cosmologist, born in Moscow, Russian SFSR
- 1935 Bernard Babior, American physician and biochemist, born in Los Angeles, California (d. 2004)
- 1941 John Geoghegan, U.S. Army infantry lieutenant and Silver Star recipient, born in Pelham, New York (d. 1965)
Robert F. Engle
1942 Robert F. Engle, American economist (Nobel 2003 - for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)), born in Syracuse, New York
Robert F. Engle
- 1942 Hans-Rudolf Merz, Swiss politician (President of Switzerland 2009) and Member of the Swiss Federal Council (2004-10), born in Herisau, Switzerland
- 1943 Saxby Chambliss, American politician (U.S. Senator from Georgia 2003-15), born in Warrenton, North Carolina
- 1944 Silvestre Reyes, American politician (Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas 1997-2013), born in Canutillo, Texas
- 1946 David Stockman, American politician and Reagan's ex-budget director, born in Fort Hood, Texas
- 1946 Jack Ketchum [Dallas William Mayr], American horror fiction author (Off Season, Red, The Woman), born in Livingston, New Jersey (d. 2018)
- 1947 Bechir Gemayel, President-elect of Lebanon (8/23-9/14, 1982), born in Achrafieh, Beirut, Lebanon (d. 1982)
- 1948 Aaron Brown, American broadcast journalist (World News Now), born in Hopkins, Minnesota
- 1955 James Chapman, American novelist (Stet)
- 1956 Mohsen Badawi, Egyptian entrepreneur and political activist, born in Cairo, Egpyt
- 1961 Rudolf Grimm, Austrian physics professor ( Bose–Einstein condensation of molecules), born in Mannheim, West Germany
- 1971 Mario Abdo Benítez, Paraguayan politician, President of Paraguay (2018-), born in Asunción, Paraguay
- 1977 Josh Barnett, American mixed martial artist, born in Seattle, Washington
- 1981 Jason L. Dunham, American Corporal in the United States Marine Corps and Medal of Honor recipient, born in Scio, New York (d. 2004)