- 879 Charles III "The Simple", King of France (893-923) (d. 929)
- 1192 Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese 3rd shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate (d. 1219)
- 1271 Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia & Poland (1278-1305), born in Prague, Bohemia (d. 1305)
- 1550 Pope Paul V [Camillo Borghese], 233rd pope (1605-21) and persecutor of Galileo, born in Rome (d. 1621)
- 1580 Charlotte Brabantia, countess of Nassau and daughter of Willem of Orange, born in Antwerp (d. 1631)
- 1619 John Lambert, English general-major and parliamentary leader, born in Kirkby Malham, England (d. 1684)
- 1630 Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma, born in Parma (d. 1694)
- 1639 Hans Herr, Swiss Mennonite bishop, born in Zürich, Switzerland (d. 1725)
- 1643 Gilbert Burnet, Scottish philosopher and Bishop of Salisbury, born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d. 1715)
- 1677 Stephen Hales, English physiologist, chemist and inventor (first person to measure blood pressure), born in Bekesbourne, Kent, England (d. 1761)
- 1687 Durastante Natalucci, Italian historian (specialized in history of Trevi, in Umbria), born in Picicche di Trevi, Italy (d. 1772)
- 1688 Maria Luisa of Savoy, Queen consort of Spain to Philip V (1701-14), born in Royal Palace of Turin, Savoy (d. 1714)
- 1714 Gottlieb Rabener, German author (Vom Misbrauch of the Satire), born in Wachau, Germany (d. 1771)
Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben (1730-1794)
Prussian-American military officer (major general of the Continental Army), born in Magdeburg
- 1739 John Rutledge, American 2nd Chief Justice of the United States, born in Charleston, South Carolina, British America (d. 1800)
Marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794)
Marquis de Condorcet, French enlightenment philosopher (Condorcet Method) and mathematician, born in Ribemont, Picardy, France
- 1764 John Goodricke, English deaf astronomer (first to notice that some variable stars were periodic), born in Groningen, Netherlands (d. 1786)
- 1771 Johann August Apel, German jurist and writer, born in Leipzig, Germany (d. 1816)
- 1774 Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal, linguist and hyperpolyglot (understood 70 languages), born in Bologna, Italy (d. 1849)
- 1783 Samuel Prout, British water color painter, born in Plymouth, England (d. 1852)
- 1798 Antonio Benedetto Antonucci, Italian cardinal and diplomat, born in Subiaco, Italy (d. 1879)
- 1800 Franklin Buchanan, American first superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1874)
- 1801 Edward William Lane, British lexicographer and translator (One Thousand & One Nights), born in Hereford, England (d. 1876)
- 1819 Leon Foucault, French physicist whose pendulum proved that the Earth rotates, born in Paris (d. 1868)
- 1819 Marthinus Wessels Pretorius, 1st president of the Republic South Africa, born in Graaff Reinet, Cape Colony (d. 1901)
- 1820 Earl Van Dorn, American Major General (Confederate Army), born in Claiborne County, Mississippi (d. 1863)
- 1820 Émile Augier, French dramatist, born in Valence, Drôme, Kingdom of France (d. 1889)
- 1825 Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar, American politician and U.S. Supreme Court Justice, born in Eatonton, Georgia (d. 1893)
- 1826 Berhard Riemann, German mathematician (zeta-function), born in Breselenz, Hanover (d. 1866)
- 1834 Edouard Pailleron, French attorney, poet and stage writer, born in Paris, France (d. 1899)
- 1839 Ira Erastus Davenport, American magician, claimed to be a spirit medium, born in Buffalo, New York (d. 1911)
- 1853 Clemens Baeumker, German historian (Patristischen Philosophie), born in Paderborn, Germany (d. 1924)
- 1854 David Dunbar Buick, Scottish-American automobile pioneer (Buick Motor Company), born in Arbroath, Angus, Scotland (d. 1929)
- 1857 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian pioneer in rocket and space research, born in Izhevskoye, Ryazan Governorate, Russian Empire (d. 1935)
- 1859 Frank Dawson Adams, Canadian geologist, born in Montreal, Quebec (d. 1942)
- 1861 Owen Seaman, British poet and editor (Punch), born in Shrewsbury, England (d. 1936)
- 1868 James Alexander Calder, Canadian politician, born in Oxford County, Ontario (d. 1956)
- 1869 Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist and internationalist (Nobel Peace Prize 1921), born in Stavanger, Norway (d. 1938)
- 1874 Ben Turpin, American comic (Uncle Tom Without the Cabin), born in New Orleans, Louisiana (d. 1940)
- 1879 Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, Indian Social social activist and reformer, born in Erode, Madras Presidency, British India (d. 1973)
- 1881 Alfred Carpenter, English Royal Navy soldier, born in Barnes, Surrey (d. 1955)
- 1882 Anton Hendrik Blaauw, Dutch botanist (Perception of Light), born in Elst, Overbetuwe, Netherlands (d. 1942)
- 1883 William Carlos Williams, American physician and poet, born in Rutherford, New Jersey (d. 1963)
- 1884 Bastiaan de Gaay Fortman, Dutch historian and Justice of Curacao, born in Amsterdam (d. 1961)
- 1888 Michiyo Tsujimura, Japanese agricultural scientist and biochemist (components of green tea), born in Saitama Prefecture, Japan (d. 1969)
- 1890 Gabriel Heatter, American radio commentator famous for his WWII sign-on "There's good news tonight", born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1972)
- 1893 Abel Herzberg, Russian-Dutch Jewish lawyer and writer (Persecution of Jews), born in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 1989)
- 1900 J. Willard Marriott, American entrepreneur and hotelier (founder of Marriott Corporation), born in Marriott Settlement, Utah (d. 1985)
- 1901 Francis Chichester, English aviator and sailor (Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire), born in Barnstaple, Devon, England (d. 1972)
Frederick Ashton (1904-1988)
British choreographer (Cinderella), born in Guayaquil, Ecuador
- 1906 Edgar Wayburn, American environmentalist awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom 1999, born in Macon, Georgia (d. 2010)
- 1906 J. R. [Junius Richard] Jayawardene, 2nd President of Sri Lanka (1978-89) and 7th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1977-78), born in Colombo, British Ceylon (d. 1996)
- 1907 Desmond Heap, British lawyer and authority on British planning law, born in Burnley, Lancashire (d. 1998)
- 1907 Warren E. Burger, 15th Supreme Court chief justice (1969-86), born in Saint Paul, Minnesota (d. 1995)
- 1909 Elizabeth Wilkinson, English professor of German (University College London), born in Keighley (d. 2001)
- 1909 Kenneth Darling, British Army Commander-in-chief Allied Forces, born in Bengal Presidency, British India (d. 1998)
- 1914 Shin Kanemaru, Japanese politician (Deputy Prime Minister 1986-87), born in Suwa, Yamanashi Prefecture, Empire of Japan (d. 1996)
- 1916 Mary Stewart, British sci-fi author (Crystal Cave), born in Sunderland, England (d. 2014)
- 1916 Oswald Garrison Villard Jr., American Engineer (electronics) who invented the over-the-horizon radar that could detect objects thousands of miles away and peer around the Earth's curvature, born in Dobbs Ferry, New York
- 1916 Ove Abildgaard, Danish poet (Uglegylp), born in Lemvig, Denmark (d. 1990)
- 1916 Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, Mongolian politician (Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural (President), 1974-84; Prime Minister, 1952-74; General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party, 1940-54), born in Davst sum, Uvs aimag, Outer Mongolia (d. 1991)
- 1918 Chaim Herzog, 6th President of Israel (1983-93), born in Belfast, Ireland (d. 1997)
- 1920 Marjorie Holt, American politician (Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland), born in Birmingham, Alabama (d. 2018)
- 1921 Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia (1986-90), born in Cúcuta, Colombia
- 1922 Agostinho Neto, 1st President of Angola (1975-79), born in Ícolo e Bengo, Portuguese Angola (d. 1979)
- 1922 Naomi Datta, British geneticist and bacteriologist (pioneer in investigating the development of resistance to antibiotics by bacteria), born in London (d. 2008)
- 1923 John Rigby Hale, British linguist and historian, born in Ashford, Kent (d. 1999)
- 1926 Donald Acheson, Irish physician and Chief Medical Officer for England (1983-90), born in Belfast, Northern Ireland (d. 2010)
- 1927 Theodore S. Weiss, American politician (Rep-D-NY, 1977-92), born in Gáva, Hungary (d. 1992)
- 1928 Brian Matthew, British disc jockey (Saturday Club), born in Coventry (d. 2017)
- 1929 David Craig, Baron Craig of Radley, British marshal (RAF), born in Dublin, Ireland
- 1929 John Stewart-Clark, British businessman and Member of the European Parliament (MEP), born in Dalmeny, Scotland
- 1930 Edgar Mitchell, NASA astronaut (Apollo 14), born in Hereford Texas (d. 2016)
- 1930 Gwyn Jones Francis, Welsh UK Forestry commissioner (d. 2015)
- 1930 Jim Rohn, American business philosopher, born in Yakima, Washington (d. 2009)
- 1930 Thomas P. Stafford, American Air Force officer and astronaut (Gem 6 9, Ap 10 18), born in Weatherford, Oklahoma
- 1932 Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1972-95), born in Rayyan (d. 2016)
- 1933 Chuck Grassley, American politician (Senator-R-Iowa, 1981- ), born in New Hartford, Iowa
- 1933 Desmond Fennell, British high court judge, born in Sheffield, England (d. 2011)
- 1935 Ken Kesey, American author (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest), born in La Junta Colorado (d. 2001)
- 1935 Timothy Bavin, British Anglican bishop (Bishop of Portsmouth 1985-95)
- 1936 Jennifer Dickson, South African-British artist and photographer, born in Piet Retief, South Africa
- 1936 Mischa de Vreede, Dutch poetess (Our Eternal Hunger), born in Batavia, Dutch East Indies
- 1936 Richard Gaskell, British solicitor (President of the Law Society) (d. 2015)
- 1937 Albertine Sarrazin, French author (L'astragale, La Cavale), born in Algiers, Algeria (d. 1967)
- 1938 Alec Broers, British electrical engineer and master (Churchill College Cambridge), born in Calcutta, India
- 1939 David Souter, American retired 107th Supreme Court Justice (1990-2009), born in Melrose, Massachusetts
- 1940 Jan Eliasson, Swedish diplomat (4th Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations), born in Gothenburg, Sweden
- 1941 Bob Matsui, American politician (Rep-D-California, 1979-2005), born in Sacramento, California (d. 2005)
- 1942 Robert Graysmith, American Zodiac killer researcher and author, born in Pensacola, Florida
- 1943 Samuel T. Durrance, American scientist and astronaut (STS 35, STS 67), born in Tallahassee, Florida
- 1944 Reinhold Messner, Italian mountain climber (Mount Everest), born in Brixen (Bressanone), Italy
- 1946 Michael Jack, British Conservative Party politician and minister of state-home office, born in Folkestone, Kent, England
- 1947 Jeff MacNelly, American Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonist (Shoe), born in NYC, New York (d. 2000)
- 1947 Robert Kidd, British marine geoscientist (International Deep Sea Drilling Programme), born in Milford Haven, Wales (d. 1996)
- 1947 Tessa Jowell, British politician and Labour Member of Parliament (1997-2015), born in Marylebone, London (d. 2018)
- 1948 Patricia Kluge, British-Iraqi ex-wife of Billionaire John Kluge, born in Baghdad. Iraq
- 1950 Chris Heister [Gun Christina Heister], Swedish politician, born in Östhammar, Uppsala
- 1950 Lawrence Anthony, South Africa, conservationist and author, born in Johannesburg (d. 2012)
Narendra Modi (72 years old)
1950 Indian politician (15th Prime Minister of India), born in Vadnagar, Gujarat
- 1953 Altaf Hussain, Pakistani politician and founder of MQM
- 1953 Rita Rudner, American comedienne (Funny People), born in Miami, Florida
- 1955 Mike Parson, American politician (Governor of Missouri, 2018-), born in Wheatland, Missouri
- 1956 Brian Andreas, American writer, sculptor, painter and publisher
- 1957 David Bintley, British dancer choreographer and ballet director, born in Huddersfield, England
- 1961 Pamela Ann Melroy, American Major USAF and astronaut (STS 92), born in Palo Alto, California
- 1963 Amy Roloff, American reality star (Little People, Big World), born in Michigan
- 1963 Michael Adler, American businessman and diplomat
- 1963 Rami Saari, Israeli poet and translator, born in Petah Tikva, Israel
- 1963 Wendy Northcutt, American author of the Darwin Awards
- 1965 Bryan Singer, American film and television director (The Usual Suspects), born in New York City
- 1968 Marie-Chantal, British-born Crown Princess of Greece, wife of Pavlos, Crown Prince of Greece (heir to abolished Greek throne), born in London
- 1974 Tormod Granheim, Norwegian adventurer (extreme skiing), born in Trondheim, Norway
- 1977 Latoya Warning, Suriname 4th Miss Teenager (1993)
- 1982 Hope Larson, American illustrator and cartoonist
- 1991 Jordan McCoy, American entertainer
- 1994 Taylor Ware, American yodeler