Events in History
- Jan 11 Ching-Thang Khomba is crowned King of Manipur.
Event of Interest
Jan 17 Captain James Cook's last notation in Discovery's ship's log

James Cook
Appointment of Interest
Jan 18 John Dickinson is appointed a delegate for Delaware to the Continental Congress

John Dickinson
Event of Interest
Jan 23 Charles Messier catalogs M56 (globular cluster in Lyra)

Charles Messier
- Jan 31 Charles Messier adds M57 (Ring Nebula in Lyra) to his catalog
Birthdays in History
- Jan 1 William Clowes, English printer (d. 1847)
- Jan 5 Stephen Decatur, American naval hero (War of 1812), born in Sinepuxent, Maryland (d. 1820)
- Jan 5 Zebulon Pike, American brigadier general and explorer (Pike's Peak), born in Lamington, New Jersey (d. 1813)
- Jan 15 Jean Coralli, French ballet producer & choreographer, born in Paris, France
- Jan 24 Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden), Russian tsarina (d. 1826)