Events in History
Execution
Feb 20 Andreas Hofer, Tyrolean patriot and leader of rebellion against Napoleon's forces, executed.
Napoléon Bonaparte
- Feb 28 1st US fire insurance joint-stock company organized, Philadelphia
- Mar 6 Illinois passes 1st state vaccination legislation in US
- Apr 19 Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Junta is installed.
- Apr 20 The Governors of Caracas declares the national sovereignty from Spain
Event of Interest
May 3 English poet Lord Byron swims the Hellespont (modern day Dardanelles)
Lord Byron
Event of Interest
Jun 23 John Jacob Astor organizes the Pacific Fur Company in Astoria, Oregon
John Jacob Astor
- Jul 1 Louis Napoleon abdicates as king of the Netherlands
- Jul 4 French troops occupy Amsterdam
- Jul 9 Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland as part of the First French Empire
- Jul 20 Citizens of Bogotá, New Granada (now Colombia), declare independence from Spain
- Aug 9 Napoleon annexes Westphalia as part of the First French Empire.
- Aug 21 Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.
- Sep 16 Mexico issues Grito de Dolores, calling for the end of Spanish rule (Mexican Independence Day)
- Sep 18 Chile declares independence from Spain (National Day)
- Sep 26 A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.
- Oct 27 United States annexes West Florida from Spain
- Dec 15 1st Irish magazine in US, "Shamrock" published
- Dec 22 British frigate HMS Minotaur sinks killing 480
Birthdays in History
- Jan 3 Antoine T. d'Abbadie, French explorer (Ethiopia), born in Dublin, Ireland (d. 1897)
- Jan 3 Eliza Von Bretton di Zerega, Danish West Indies, baroness
- Jan 10 Jeremiah S. Black, American statesman & lawyer, born in Stony Creek, Pennsylvania (d. 1883)
- Jan 12 Ferdinand II, king of Sicily
- Jan 29 Earnest E Kummer, German mathematician
- Jan 31 Daniel Ruggles, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1897)
- Feb 1 Charles Lenox Remond, African-American orator and abolitionist, born in Salem, Massachusetts (d. 1873)
- Feb 28 Reinier C Bakhuizen van de Brink, Dutch historian
- Mar 10 John McCloskey, 1st American cardinal and Archbishop of New York, born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1885)
- Mar 10 Samuel Ferguson, Irish poet (d. 1886)
- Mar 15 Aernout Drost, Dutch historical novelist (Hermingard van de Eikenterpen), born in Amsterdam, Kingdom of Holland (d. 1834)
- Mar 27 Adolf Glassbrenner, German satirical writer, born in Berlin (d. 1876)
- Mar 27 William Hepworth Thompson, English classical scholar and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, born in York, England (d. 1886)
- Apr 6 Philip Gosse, inventor of institutional aquarium, writer (Omphalos)
- Apr 11 Henry Rawlinson, British army officer and scholar, born in Chadlington, England (d. 1895)
- Apr 21 John Putnam Chapin, American politician (10th Mayor of Chicago (1846-47), born in Bradford, Vermont (d. 1864)
- Apr 23 Thomas Wright, English antiquarian and writer, born in Ludlow, Shropshire, England (d. 1877)
- Apr 28 Daniel Ullman, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Wilmington, Delaware (d. 1892)
- May 4 Alexander Walewski, French earl and Foreign Minister, born in Walewice, Warsaw, Poland (d. 1868)
- May 8 James Cooper, American lawyer, politician and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Frederick County, Maryland (d. 1863)
- May 9 Louis Gallait, Belgian historical painter (Egmont & Receiver), born in Tournai, Hainaut, Belgium (d. 1887)
- May 9 Princess Marianne of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau and daughter of King Willem I, born in Berlin (d. 1883)
- May 10 James Shields, Irish-American politician and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Altmore, County Tyrone, Ireland (d. 1879)
- May 15 Jacob Thompson, (Confederacy), (d. 1885)
- May 23 Margaret Fuller [Ossoli], American feminist and journalist (NY Tribune), born in Cambridge, Massachusetts (d. 1850)
- May 24 Abraham Geiger, German theologian and leader of Reform Judaism, born in Frankfurt, Germany (d. 1874)
- May 28 Alexandre Calamo, Swiss painter, etcher and lithographer (d. 1864)
- May 29 Erasmus Darwin Keyes, American banker, businessman and Major General (Union Army), born in Brinfield, Massachusetts (d. 1895)
- May 29 Solomon Meredith, American politician and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Guilford County, North Carolina (d. 1875)
- May 31 Horatio Seymour, American politician (18th Governor of New York), born in Onondaga, New York (d. 1886)
- Jun 17 Ferdinand Freiligrath, German poet and translator, born in Detmold, Principality of Lippe (d. 1876)
- Jun 30 Stanko Vraz [Jakob Frass], Slovenian-Croatian poet (illyrism), born in Cerovec in Lower Styria, Austrian Empire (d. 1851)
- Jul 2 Robert Toombs, American lawyer and 1st Confederate States Secretary of State, born in Washington, Georgia (d. 1885)
P. T. Barnum
Jul 5 P. T. [Phineas Taylor] Barnum, American circus promoter and showman (Barnum & Bailey), born in Bethel, Connecticut (d. 1891)
P. T. Barnum
- Jul 11 Eugène Simonis, Belgian sculptor, born in Liège, Belgium (d. 1882)
- Jul 21 Henri V. Regnault, French physicist and chemist, born in Aachen (d. 1878)
- Aug 10 Camilio Benso di Cavour, Turin Italy, PM
- Aug 10 Cornelis Outshoorn, Dutch architect
- Aug 21 Thomas Jefferson McKean, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Burlington, Pennsylvania (d. 1870)
- Aug 29 Juan Bautista Alberdi, Argentina political theorist and writer (Crime of War), born in San Miguel de Tucumán, Río de la Plata (d. 1884)
- Sep 2 William Seymour Tyler, American educator and historian (d. 1897)
- Sep 3 Paul Kane, Irish-Canadian painter, born in Mallow, County Cork, Ireland (d. 1871)
- Sep 4 Donald McKay, Canadian-American naval architect (built fastest clipper ships), born in Nova Scotia, Canada (d. 1880)
- Sep 7 Hermann Heinrich Gossen, Prussian economist, born in Düren, Germany (d. 1858)
- Sep 10 Albert G. Blanchard, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Charlestown, Massachusetts (d. 1891)
- Sep 20 Alpheus Starkey Williams, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Deep River, Connecticut (d. 1878)
- Sep 29 Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, novelist, born in London, England
- Oct 13 James Shedden Palmer, Commander (Union Navy), (d. 1867)
- Oct 19 Cassius Marcellus Clay, American Major General (Union Army), born in Madison County, Kentucky (d. 1903)
- Oct 22 Henry Bohlen, German-American Brigadier General (Union Army), Bremen, Germany (d. 1862)
- Oct 23 William Leidesdorff, Mixed-race early Californian businessman, born in Christiansted, Virgin Islands, Danish West Indies (d. 1848)
- Oct 28 Adley H. Gladden, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Fairfield District, South Carolina (d. 1862)
- Nov 2 Andrew Atkinson Humphreys, American Major General (Union Army), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1883)
- Nov 7 Fritz Reuter, German novelist, born in Stavenhagen, Germany (d. 1874)
- Nov 9 Thomas Bragg, American politician, 34th Governor of North Carolina (1859-61), born in Warrenton, North Carolina (d. 1872)
- Nov 9 Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon and founder of Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, born in Padingbüttel, Germany (d. 1887)
- Nov 10 George Jennings, English sanitary engineer (invented first public flush toilets), born in Eling, Hampshire (d. 1882)
- Nov 18 Asa Gray, American botanist (Flora of North America), born in Sauquoit, New York (d. 1888)
- Nov 18 Benjamin Stone Roberts, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Manchester, Vermont (d. 1875)
- Nov 19 August Willich, Prussian-American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Braunsberg, Province of East Prussia (d. 1878)
- Nov 26 William Armstrong, 1st Baron Armstrong and British industralist and inventor (hydraulic crane Armstrong Gun), born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England (d. 1900)
- Nov 28 William Froude, English engineer and naval architect, born in Devon, England (d. 1879)
- Nov 30 Oliver Winchester, American politician and rifle maker (Winchester Repeating Arms Company), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1880)
- Dec 7 Theodor Schwann, German physiologist and co-originator of cell theory, born in Neuss, Germany (d. 1882)
- Dec 7 Josef Hyrtl, Austrian anatomist, born in Eisenstadt, Austria (d. 1894)
- Dec 11 Alfred de Musset, French writer (Un Caprice, Bettine), born in Paris, France (d. 1857)
- Dec 13 Clark Mills, American sculptor (Freedom, Armed Liberty) (d. 1883)
- Dec 24 Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter & illustrator, born in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 1873)
- Dec 25 Alexandros Rhizos Rhankaves, Greek poet and statesman (d. 1892)
Weddings in History
Napoléon Bonaparte
Wedding of Interest
Jun 21 US President Zachary Taylor (25) weds Margaret Smith near Louisville, Kentucky
Zachary Taylor
Divorces in History
Napoléon Bonaparte
Deaths in History
- Jan 20 Benjamin Chew, Chief Justice of colonial Pennsylvania, dies at 87
- Jan 28 Andrew Hofer, Tyrolian rebel against French & Bavarians, shot dead
- Feb 20 Andreas Hofer, Tyrolean innkeeper, drover and leader of the Tyrolean Rebellion against the revolutionary Napoleonic invasion during the War of the Fifth Coalition, executed at 42
- Feb 24 Henry Cavendish, British physicist and chemist (discovery of hydrogen), dies at 78
- Mar 7 Albertus Henricus Wiese, governor-general of Netherlands Indies, dies at about 48
- Mar 7 Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, British admiral, dies at 61
- Mar 21 Philippe-Joseph van den Berghe graaf Limmighe, Brabants ships, dies
- Apr 7 Pieter L. van de Kasteele, Dutch politician and patriot, dies at 61
- May 2 Henry Jerome de Salis, English churchman, dies at 69
Benjamin Lincoln
May 9 Benjamin Lincoln, American military officer (Battles of Saratoga, Charleston and Yorktown during the American Revolutionary War), dies at 77
Benjamin Lincoln
- May 21 Charles-Geneviève-Louis-Auguste-André-Timothée d'Éon de Beaumont, French spy, dies at 81
- May 21 Chevalier d'Éon, French diplomat & spy, dies at 81
- Jun 7 Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (b. 1765)
- Jun 13 Johann Gottfried Seume, German writer (Spaziergang nach Syrakus), dies at 47
- Jun 20 Axel von Fersen the Younger, Swedish Army officer, diplomat and statesman, dies at 54
- Jun 26 Joseph Michel Montgolfier, French inventor (b. 1740)
- Jul 19 Luise, queen of Prussia/wife of Frederik Willem III, dies at 34
- Aug 12 Etienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist, dies at 84
- Sep 9 Johann Baptiste Hagenauer, Austrian sculptor, dies at 78
- Sep 20 Wouter Johannes van Troostwijk, Dutch painter, dies at 28
- Sep 28 John Archer, American Congressman who received the 1st medical diploma issued on US continent (1768), dies at 69
- Oct 15 Alfred Moore, American judge (b. 1755)
- Oct 16 Nachman of Breslov, Ukrainian founder of Breslov Hasidut, dies at 38
- Nov 11 Johann/John Zoffany, German painter (Tribuna degl' Uffizi), dies at 77
- Dec 2 Philipp Otto Runge, German Romantic painter, dies at 33