Events in History
- Jan 7 2nd Bank of US opens in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Event of Interest
Jan 18 José de San Martín leads a revolutionary army over the Andes to attack Spanish royalists in Chile
José de San Martín
- Jan 22 British freighter Diana sinks off Malaya
- Jan 31 Franz Grillparzer's "Die Ahnfrau" premieres in Vienna
- Feb 5 1st US gas co incorporated, Baltimore (coal gas for street lights)
- Feb 7 Baltimore becomes the 1st American city lit by gas street lamps with the first turned on at Market and Lemon Streets (currently Baltimore and Holliday Streets)
- Mar 2 1st Evangelical church building dedicated, New Berlin, Pennsylvania
- Mar 3 Mississippi Territory is divided into Alabama Territory & Mississippi
President Inaugurated
Mar 4 James Monroe is inaugurated as the 5th President of the United States
James Monroe
- Mar 8 The New York Stock Exchange is founded
- Mar 25 Tsar Alexander I recommends formation of Society of Israeli Christians
- Apr 15 1st American school for the deaf opens (Hartford, Connecticut)
- Apr 17 1st US school for deaf (Hartford, Connecticut)
- Apr 22 Curacao prohibits use of white paint due to fierce sunlight
- May 15 Ambonese uprising against Dutch authority (modern Indonesia), under Thomas Matulesia (aka Kapitan Pattimura)
- May 15 First private mental health hospital opens in the US, Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason (now Friends Hospital) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- May 16 Mississippi River steamboat service begins
- Jun 8 An uprising involving three hundred workers in the English town of Pentrich begins but is quashed almost immediately
- Jul 4 Chief Engineer James Geddes begins construction on the Erie Canal, (Rome, New York), one of the first great engineering works in North America
- Jul 12 1st flower show held in Dannybrook, County Cork, Ireland
- Aug 18 60-70ft sea serpent sightings reported offshore in Gloucester, Massachusetts
- Sep 9 Alexander Twilight, probably first African American to graduate from a US college, receives BA degree at Middlebury College
Event of Interest
Sep 22 John Quincy Adams becomes US Secretary of State
John Quincy Adams
- Oct 9 University of Gent officially opens
- Oct 20 1st Mississippi "Showboat" leaves Nashville on maiden voyage
- Nov 20 First Seminole War begins in Florida
- Nov 25 First sword swallower in US performs (NYC)
- Nov 27 US soldiers attack Florida Indian village, beginning Seminole War
- Dec 10 Mississippi admitted as 20th state of the Union
- Dec 16 Leaders of Molukkas uprising hanged in Ambon
Birthdays in History
- Jan 8 John Selden Roane, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1867)
- Jan 8 Sir Theophilus Shepstone, South African statesman, born in England, United Kingdom (d. 1893)
- Jan 14 Harmen Sytstra, Dutch poet & editor (Iduna), born in Mullum, Netherlands (d. 1862)
- Jan 15 Lewis Golding Arnold, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey (d. 1871)
- Jan 31 Antony Winkler Prins, Dutch writer (Groiler Encyclopaedia)
- Feb 2 John Glover, English chemist (sulfuric acid), born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England (d. 1902)
- Feb 3 Samuel Ryan Curtis, American politician and Major General (Union Army), born in Champlain, New York (d. 1866)
- Feb 3 Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist (d. 1881)
- Feb 7 LeRoy Pope Walker, American lawyer and 1st Confederate States Secretary of War (1861), born in Huntsville, Alabama (d. 1884)
- Feb 8 Richard Stoddert Ewell, Lt Gen (Confederate Army), (d. 1872)
- Feb 15 Charles-François Daubigny, French painter of the Barbizon school, born in Paris (d. 1878)
- Feb 18 Lewis Addison Armistead, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1863)
- Feb 18 Walter Page Lane, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1892)
- Feb 19 Willem III, last male King of the Netherlands (1849-90) until 2013, born in Brussels, Belgium (d. 1890)
- Feb 21 Jose Zorrilla y Moral, Vallodolid Spain, poet/dramatist (El rey Loco)
- Feb 22 Carl Wilhelm Borchardt, German mathematician (d. 1880)
- Feb 23 George Watts, painter, born in London, England
- Feb 28 James Craig, American lawyer, politician and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Washington County, Pennsylvania (d. 1888)
- Mar 1 Giovanni Duprè, Italian sculptor (d. 1882)
- Mar 2 Janos Arany, Hungarian epic poet (Toldi, Death of King Buda)
- Mar 4 Edwards Pierrepont, American statesman, jurist and lawyer; 34th United States Attorney General (d. 1892)
- Mar 5 Austen H Layard, British archaeologist/diplomat
- Mar 6 Princess Clémentine of Orléans (d. 1907)
- Mar 19 Lewis Henry Little, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1862)
- Mar 22 Braxton Bragg, Gen (Confederate Army), (d. 1876)
- Mar 26 Herman Haupt, American civil engineer and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1905)
- Mar 27 Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, Swiss botanist (famous for his work on plant cells), born in Kilchberg, Switzerland (d. 1891)
- Mar 29 Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov, Russian historian and poet, born in Novo-Aksakovo, Russia (d. 1860)
- Apr 1 Johannes J van Oosterzee, Dutch theologist
- Apr 4 John Wilson Sprague, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in White Creek, New York (d. 1893)
- Apr 13 Alphonse Wauters, Belgian historian and archivist (Brussels), born in Brussels, Belgium (d. 1898)
- Apr 18 George Henry Lewes, English philosophical writer (Life of Goethe), born in London (d. 1878)
- Apr 19 John Philip "Spanish John", Scottish painter, born in Aberdeen (d. 1865)
- May 5 George Washington Julian, American politician, U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana, born in Centerville, Indiana (d. 1899)
- May 14 Alexander Kaufmann, German poet (d. 1893)
- May 15 Debendranath Tagore, Indian religious reformer (d. 1905)
- May 18 James William Denver, American lawyer, politician and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Winchester, Virginia (d. 1892)
- May 31 Georg Herwegh, German poet, born in Stuttgart (d. 1875)
- Jun 17 Thomas Maley Harris, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Wood County, West Virginia (d. 1906)
- Jun 21 James Brewerton Ricketts, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in NYC, New York (d. 1887)
- Jun 26 Branwell Brontë [Patrick Branwell Brontë], English painter and writer and brother of the writers Charlotte, Emily and Anne, born in Thornton, West Yorkshire, England (d. 1848)
- Jun 30 Joseph Dalton Hooker, British botanist and director of the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, born in Halesworth, Suffolk (d. 1911)
- Jul 6 Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist and histologist (one of the first to interpret tissue structure in terms of cellular elements), born in Zürich, Switzerland (d. 1905)
Henry David Thoreau
Jul 12 Henry David Thoreau, American naturalist and pacifist (Walden Pond), born in Concord, Massachusetts (d. 1862)
Henry David Thoreau
- Jul 15 John Fowler, English engineer (London Metropolitan Railway)
- Jul 19 Mary Ann Bickerdyke, American army nurse (union), born in Knox County, Ohio (d. 1901)
- Jul 21 John Gilbert, British artist, illustrator and engraver, born in Blackheath, Surrey (d. 1897)
- Jul 21 Joseph K Barnes, American Major General (Union Army), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1883)
- Jul 24 Adolphe [Adolf Wilhelm August Karl Friedrich], Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1890-1905), born in Biebrich Palace, Wiesbaden, Duchy of Nassau (d. 1905)
- Jul 29 James Blair Steedman, American Major General (Union Army), born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania (d. 1883)
- Jul 31 Philip Cook Jr, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1894)
- Aug 3 Archduke Albrecht of Austria, Duke of Teschen (Battle at Custozza), born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1895)
- Aug 14 Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York), born in Minisink, New York (d. 1874)
- Aug 16 Henry Winter Davis, American politician and unionist, born in Annapolis, Maryland (d. 1865)
- Aug 17 Joseph baron Kervyn de Lettenhove, Belgian Internal minister (1870-71)
- Aug 24 Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian novelist, poet and playwright (Prince Serebrenni), born in Saint Petersburg, Russia (d. 1875)
- Sep 5 Aleksei K. Tolstoi, Russian poet and writer, born in St. Petersburg, Russia (d. 1875) [NS]
- Sep 6 Alexander Tilloch Galt, Canadian politician, a father of Canadian Confederation, born in Chelsea, England (d. 1893)
- Sep 7 Louise of Hesse-Kassel, Queen of Denmark, born in Kassel, Electorate of Hesse, Imperial Confederate of Germany (d. 1898)
- Sep 9 Speed Smith Fry, American lawyer, judge, and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Mercer County, Kentucky (d. 1892)
- Sep 13 John M. Palmer, American politician (U.S. Senator from Illinois) and American Civil War General (Union), born in Eagle Creek, Kentucky (d. 1900)
- Sep 14 Theodor Storm, German judge and author (Immensee, Der Schimmelreiter), born in Husum, Germany (d. 1888)
- Sep 21 Carter L. Stevenson, American Major General (Confederate Army), born in Fredericksburg, Virginia (d. 1888)
- Sep 24 Ramón de Campoamor y Campoosorio, Spanish poet (Doloras), born in Navia, Spain (d. 1901)
Hiram R. Revels
Sep 27 Hiram R. Revels, 1st African American US Senator, born in Fayetteville, North Carolina (d. 1901)
Hiram R. Revels
- Oct 7 Bushrod Rust Johnson, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1880)
- Oct 10 C. H. D. Buys Ballot, Dutch meteorologist (Buys Ballot's law), born in Kloetinge, Netherlands (d. 1890)
- Oct 17 Syed Ahmad Khan, Indian Muslim leader, born in Delhi, Mughal Empire
- Oct 17 Samuel Ringgold Ward, Maryland, minister/abolitionist (Fugitive Negro)
- Oct 23 Pierre Athanase Larousse, French lexicographer (d. 1875)
- Oct 24 Hippolyte Mège-Mouriés, French chemist and inventor of margarine, born in Draguignan, France (d. 1880)
- Oct 30 Hermann Kopp, German chemist (Jahresbericht of Chemistry), born in Hanau, Hesse-Kassel, Germany (d. 1892)
- Nov 8 Claudius W. Sears, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Peru, Massachusetts (d. 1891)
- Nov 8 Théodore-Joseph Canneel, Flemish painter, born in Ghent, Belgium (d. 1892)
- Nov 9 Edward Richard Sprigg Canby, American Major General (Union Army), born in Piatt's Landing, Kentucky (d. 1873)
- Nov 12 Bahá'u'lláh, Prophet Founder of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892)
- Nov 21 Richard B. Garnett, American Confederate Brigadier General, born in Essex County, Virginia (d. 1863)
- Nov 24 Juan de la Cruz Moreno Maisonave, Guatemala
- Nov 25 John Bigelow, American statesman and author, born in Bristol, New York (d. 1911)
Theodor Mommsen
Nov 30 Theodor Mommsen, German historian and scholar (Imperial Lives, Nobel Prize in Literature 1902), born in Garding, Duchy of Schleswig (d. 1903)
Theodor Mommsen
- Dec 2 Heinrich von Sybel, German historian (Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzugs), born in Düsseldorf, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1895)
- Dec 8 Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Danish nobleman and politician (Council President of Denmark 1865-70), born in Frijsenborg, Denmark (d. 1896)
- Dec 19 James Jay Archer, Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (d. 1864)
Deaths in History
- Jan 1 Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist (uranium), dies at 73
- Jan 12 Juan Andres, Spanish Jesuit (b. 1740)
- Jan 16 Alexander J. Dallas, American statesman and financier, dies at 57
- Feb 18 Giacomo Quarenghi, Italian-Russian master builder and architect (Hermitage Theater), dies at 72
- Mar 8 Wentworth Cheswell, American auditor, teacher, Revolutionary War messenger, 1st African American elected to public office, dies of typhus fever at 70
- Apr 2 Johann Heinrich Jung, German author (Heinrich Stillings Leben), dies at 76
- Apr 4 André Masséna, Duke of Rivoli, Prince d'Essing and Marshal of France (b. 1758)
Charles Messier
Apr 12 Charles Messier, French astronomer (cataloguer of "M objects"), dies at 86
Charles Messier
- Jun 13 Richard Edgeworth, Anglo-Irish inventor and educationalist, dies at 73
- Jun 18 Joannes Siberg, Dutch Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1801-05), dies
- Jun 24 Thomas McKean, US attorney (signed US Declaration of Independence), dies at 83
- Jun 30 Abraham Gottlob Werner, German geologist
- Jul 14 Madame de Staël [Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein], French-Swiss author (De l’Allemagne), dies at 51
Jane Austen
Jul 18 Jane Austen, English novelist (Pride and Prejudice), dies at 41
Jane Austen
Tadeusz Kościuszko
Oct 15 Tadeusz Kościuszko, Polish-Lithuanian Military Leader and statesman considered a national hero, dies at 71 after falling from a horse, developing a fever and suffering a stroke
Tadeusz Kościuszko
- Oct 15 Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, Swiss traveller and orientalist, 1st European to discover Petra and Abu Simbel, dies at 32
- Oct 16 Manuel C Piar, Curacaos/Venezulian freedom writer, dies
- Oct 26 Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Austrian scientist (b. 1727)
- Nov 8 Andrea Appiani, Italian royal painter (Napoleon), dies at 63
- Nov 14 Policarpa Salavarrieta, Colombian revolutionary (b. 1795)
William Bligh
Dec 7 William Bligh, British naval officer of "HMS Bounty" fame, dies at 63
William Bligh