Events in History
- Jan 5 Central America proclaims annexation to Mexican Empire
- Jan 7 1st printing in Hawaii
- Jan 7 Liberia colonized by Americans
- Jan 13 The design of the Greek flag is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus
- Jan 14 Greek War of Independence: Acrocorinth is captured by Theodoros Kolokotronis and Demetrius Ypsilanti
- Jan 15 Greek War of Independence: Demetrius Ypsilanti is elected president of the legislative assembly.
- Feb 4 Free American Blacks settle Liberia, West Africa
- Feb 9 American Indian Society organizes
- Feb 9 Haiti invades the newly founded Dominican Republic.
- Feb 23 Boston, Massachusetts, is incorporated as a city
- Mar 9 Charles Graham of NY granted first US patent for artificial teeth
- Mar 19 Boston, Massachusetts incorporated as a city
- Mar 22 NY Horticultural Society founded
- Mar 30 Congress combines East & West Florida into Florida Territory
- Mar 31 Massacre of the population of the Greek island of Chios by soldiers of the Ottoman Empire following a rebellion attempt, (later depicted by artist Eugène Delacroix)
- May 1 John Phillips becomes 1st mayor of Boston
- May 3 Society for the Propagation of the Faith founded in Lyon, France
- May 16 Greek War of Independence: Turks capture the Greek town of Souli
- May 24 Battle of Pichincha, Bolívar secures independence of Quito from Spain
- May 30 House slave betrays Denmark Vesey conspiracy (37 blacks hanged)
Event of Interest
Jun 6 Alexis St. Martin shot in the stomach and treated by physician William Beaumont on Mackinac Island. Leads Beaumont to conduct digestion experiments through hole in St. Martin's stomach.
William Beaumont
- Jun 9 Charles Graham patents false teeth
Event of Interest
Jun 14 Charles Babbage proposes a "difference engine" in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society entitled "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables"
Charles Babbage
- Jun 16 Denmark Vessy leads slave rebellion in South Carolina
- Jun 18 Part of US-Canadian boundary determined
- Jun 21 Slave revolt leaders Denmark Vesey and Peter Poyas arrested in South Carolina
- Jul 8 Chippewas turn over huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom
- Jul 14 Date planned for the slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina by Denmark Vesey and Peter Poyas (plot already uncovered in June)
Event of Interest
Jul 25 General Agustin de Iturbide crowned Agustin I, 1st Emperor of Mexico
Agustín de Iturbide
Event of Interest
Jul 26 Secret meeting of Simón Bolívar and Jose de San Martin
Simón Bolívar
José de San Martín
- Jul 30 James Varick becomes 1st bishop of African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
- Aug 10 Antioch Syria, hit by Earthquake; about 20,000 die
- Sep 7 Pedro I, son of King Joao VI declares Brazil's independence from Portugal (National Day)
- Sep 27 French scholar Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta stone
- Oct 8 First eruption of Galunggung in Java sends boiling sludge into valley
- Oct 12 Second eruption of Galunggung in Java destroys summit of mountain
- Oct 19 In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí
- Oct 20 1st edition of London Sunday Times
- Oct 26 King Willem I requires inhabitants of Brussels to use Dutch language
- Dec 1 Dom Pedro crowned emperor of Brazil
- Dec 2 In San Salvador, a congress proposes incorporation into US
- Dec 6 Veterinary school in Utrecht opens
- Dec 12 Mexico officially recognized as an independent nation by US
Birthdays in History
- Jan 2 Rudolph J E Clausius, German physicist (thermodynamics)
- Jan 4 Joseph Jones Reynolds, American engineer, educator, and Major General (Union Army), born in Flemingsburg, Kentucky (d. 1899)
- Jan 5 Joseph Brevard Kershaw, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1894)
- Jan 6 Heinrich Schliemann, German polyglot/archaeologist (rediscovered Troy)
- Jan 7 Lucius C M Bakker, Frisian physician/author (Goethe)
- Jan 7 Theodor Aufrecht, German indologist (Rigveda's Hymns)
- Jan 9 John Porter Hatch, volunteers Bvt Major General (Union), (d. 1901)
- Jan 12 Étienne Lenoir, French engineer (d. 1900)
- Jan 27 Thomas Leiper Kane, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1883)
Alexander Mackenzie
Jan 28 Alexander Mackenzie, 2nd Prime Minister of Canada (Liberal: 1873-78), born in Logierait, Scotland (d. 1892)
Alexander Mackenzie
- Jan 30 John Basil Turchin [Ivan Vasyliovych Turchin], Russian-American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Don Host Oblast, Russian Empire (d. 1901)
- Jan 30 Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1899)
- Feb 8 Maxime Du Camp, French writer/traveler (Les Buveurs de Cendres)
- Feb 9 Charles T Stork, Dutch industrialist
- Feb 13 Lev A Mej, Russian nobleman/poet
- Feb 16 Francis Galton, British anthropologist and geneticist (eugenics), born in Birmingham, England (d. 1911)
- Feb 16 James Patton Anderson, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1872)
- Feb 22 Adolf Kuszmaul, German physician (stomach pump, Kuszmaul disease)
- Feb 28 Matthew Duncan Ector, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1879)
- Mar 1 Albin Francisco Schoepf, Polish-American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Podgórze, Kraków, Poland (d. 1886)
- Mar 1 Charles Champion Gilbert, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Zanesville, Ohio (d. 1903)
- Mar 4 Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician (d. 1880)
- Mar 8 Ignacy Lukasiewicz, Polish engineer, businessman and inventor, born in Zaduszniki, Mielec, Austrian Empire (d. 1882)
- Mar 10 Willem Roelofs, Dutch painter/lithographer
- Mar 11 Allison Nelson, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1862)
- Mar 13 Moritz von Strachwitz, German poet, born in Peterwitz, Silesia (d. 1847)
- Mar 14 Teresa of the Two Sicilies, Empress of Brazil (1843-89), born in Naples, Two Sicilies (d. 1889)
- Mar 16 John Pope, American Major General (Union Army), born in Louisville, Kentucky (d. 1892)
- Mar 16 Rosa Bonheur, French landscape painter (Buffalo Bill)
- Mar 22 Ahmed Djevdet Pasha, Turkish minister of Education/Justice
- Mar 22 Isaac D Fransen van de Putte, Dutch premier (1866)
- Mar 22 Seth Williams, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Augusta, Maine (d. 1866)
- Mar 29 Joseph Quinaux, Belgian painter (landscape paintings), born in Namen, Belgium (d. 1895)
- Apr 3 Edward Everett Hale, American clergyman and author (Man without a Country), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1909)
- Apr 5 James Nagle, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Reading, Pennsylvania (d. 1866)
- Apr 7 Gershom Mott, American Major General (Union Army), born in Lamberton, New Jersey (d. 1884)
- Apr 13 Leroy Augustus Stafford, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1864)
- Apr 13 William Stephen Walker, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1899)
- Apr 15 Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana, American Major General (Union Army), born in Eastport, Maine (d. 1905)
- Apr 24 Erastus Barnard Tyler, American businessman, merchant, and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in West Bloomfield, New York (d. 1891)
Frederick Law Olmsted
Apr 26 Frederick Law Olmsted, American writer and landscape architect (designed Central Park), born in Hartford, Connecticut (d. 1903)
Frederick Law Olmsted
Ulysses S. Grant
Apr 27 Ulysses S. Grant, 18th US President (1869-77) and Union general, born in Point Pleasant, Ohio (d. 1885)
Ulysses S. Grant
- May 4 Charles Boucher de Boucherville, Quebec politician (d. 1915)
- May 10 August Ritter von Pettenkofen, painter
- May 13 Francis of Assisi of Bourbon, King Consort of Spain (d. 1902)
- May 20 Emile Erckmann, [E-Chatrian], French writer (Waterloo)
- May 20 Frederic Passy, French economist/pacifist (Nobel 1901)
- May 21 Dabney Herndon Maury, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1900)
- May 21 Mosby Monroe Parsons, United States officer in the Mexican–American War and brigadier general of the Confederate States Army, born in Charlottesville, Virginia (d. 1865)
- May 26 Edmond de Goncourt, French writer, wrote with his brother Jules de Goncourt, born in Nancy (d. 1896)
- Jun 10 John Jacob Astor III, American businessman (Astor Estate holdings), born in New York (d. 1890)
- Jun 11 Samuel Davis Sturgis, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Shippensburg, Pennsylvania (d. 1889)
- Jun 13 Carl Schmidt, German chemist (d. 1884)
- Jun 23 Young Marshall Moody, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1866)
- Jun 24 Birkett Davenport Fry, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1891)
- Jul 2 Douglas Strutt Galton, English engineer (rails/trains)
- Jul 19 Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1916)
Gregor Mendel
Jul 20 Gregor Mendel, Austrian monk and geneticist (discoverer of laws of heredity), born in Heinzendorf, Austria (d. 1884)
Gregor Mendel
- Jul 22 Hamilton Prioleau Bee, Brigadier General (Confederate Army) (d. 1897)
- Jul 22 John George Walker, American Major General (Confederate Army), born in Jefferson City, Missouri (d. 1893)
- Jul 23 Darius Nash Couch, American businessman, naturalist, and Major General (Union Army), born in (d. 1897)
- Jul 25 Schuyler Hamilton, American Major General (Union Army), born in Putnam County, New York (d. 1903)
- Aug 22 George Stoneman, US Union general-major and Governor of California (1883-87), born in Busti, NY (d. 1894)
- Aug 22 Virginia Clemm Poe, American wife of writer Edgar Allan Poe, born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1847)
- Aug 31 Fitz John Porter, American Major General (Union Army), born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire (d. 1901)
- Sep 9 Napoleon J K P Bonaparte, French prince/member National Convention
- Sep 16 Charles S Crocker, President of Central & South Pacific Railroad
- Sep 19 Joseph Rodman West, American senator and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in New Orleans, Louisiana (d. 1898)
- Sep 22 Eppa Hunton, American representative and Brigadier-General who fought in most ANV campaigns, born in Warrenton, Virginia (d. 1908)
- Sep 25 Adolph von Steinwehr, German-American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Blankenburg, Brunswick, Germany (d. 1877)
- Oct 2 Joannes Kappeyne van de Coppello, Dutch Internal minister (1877-79)
Rutherford B. Hayes
Oct 4 RutheRutherford B. Hayes, 19th US President (Republican: 1877-81), born in Delaware, Ohio (d. 1893)
Rutherford B. Hayes
- Oct 9 George Sykes, American Major General (Union Army), born in Dover, Delaware (d. 1880)
- Oct 12 Joseph Haydn Potter, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Concord, New Hampshire (d. 1892)
- Oct 15 Alfred Meissner, Austrian physician/writer
- Oct 20 Mansfield Lovell, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1884)
- Oct 21 Levinus Keuchenius, Dutch minister of Colonies (1888-90)
- Oct 29 Joost G Kist, Dutch lawyer/president of High Council (1885-97)
- Oct 29 Mieczysław Halka Ledóchowski, Polish Catholic Cardinal (d. 1902)
- Nov 2 James Byron Gordon, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Wilkesboro, North Carolina (d. 1864)
- Nov 6 Gordon Granger, American Major General (Union Army), born in Wayne County, New York (d. 1876)
- Nov 14 William Harrow, American lawyer and a controversial Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Winchester, Kentucky (d. 1872)
- Nov 16 Charles Smith Hamilton, American Major General (Union Army), born in Westernville, New York (d. 1891)
- Dec 3 Charles Adam Heckman, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Easton, Pennsylvania (d. 1896)
- Dec 4 Frances Crabbe, England, feminist founded Anti-Vivisection Society
- Dec 5 Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, American college president (d. 1907)
- Dec 6 John Eberhard, built 1st large-scale pencil factory in US
- Dec 8 Luther Prentice Bradley, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in New Haven, Connecticut (d. 1910)
- Dec 10 Thomas Casimer Devin, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in NYC, New York (d. 1878)
- Dec 23 Wilhelm Bauer, German engineer (d. 1875)
- Dec 24 Charles Hermite, French mathematician (proof that e is transcendental), born in Dieuze, France (d. 1901)
Matthew Arnold
Dec 24 Matthew Arnold, English poet and critic (Dover Beach), born in Laleham, England (d. 1888)
Matthew Arnold
Louis Pasteur
Dec 27 Louis Pasteur, French bacteriologist (invented pasteurization), born in Dole, France (d. 1895)
Louis Pasteur
- Dec 28 William Booth Taliaferro, Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), born in Gloucester County, Virginia (d. 1898)
Weddings in History
- Jun 29 Nephew of Napoleon, biologist and ornithologist Prince Charles Bonaparte marries cousin Zenaide Bonaparte
Wedding of Interest
Oct 12 "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" author Victor Hugo (20) weds Adele Fourcher
Victor Hugo
Deaths in History
- Jan 14 Franz Innocenz Joseph Kobell, German landscape painter, dies at 72
- Feb 5 Ali Paşa Tepelenë, known as 'The Lion of Janina", Ottoman Albanian ruler, Pasha of Yanina (1788-1822), dies aged somewhere between 78-82
- Feb 10 Albert-Kasimir, duke of Saxon-Teschen/governor of Hungary, dies at 83
- Feb 24 Thomas Coutts, Anglo-Scottish banker (Coutts & Co.), dies at 86
- Apr 3 Friedrich Bertuch, writer, dies
- May 8 John Stark, American military officer (Battle of Bennington), dies at 93
- May 17 Armand-Emmanuel, Duc de Richelieu, Prime Minister of France (1815-18, 1820-21), dies at 55
- Jul 2 Denmark Vesey, American carpenter and ex-slave, head of a planned slave revolt, hanged with 5 others at Blake's Landing, Charleston, South Carolina at about 55
- Jul 8 Percy Bysshe Shelley, English romantic poet (Prometheus unbound), drowns at 29
- Aug 12 Robert Stewart, 2nd marguess of Londonderry, commits suicide, dies
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
Aug 19 Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, French mathematician and astronomer, dies at 72
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
William Herschel
Aug 25 William Herschel, German-British astronomer (discovered Uranus), dies at 83
William Herschel
- Oct 13 Antonio Canova, Italian sculptor, dies at 64
- Oct 29 Dirk van Hogendorp, Dutch earl/general/minister of War, dies at 61
- Nov 6 Hendrik van Stralen, Secretary of Interior, dies at 71
- Nov 6 Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (b. 1748)
- Nov 19 Johann Georg Tralles, German mathematician and physicist (b. 1763)