Events in History
- Jan 22 Ashantis defeat British forces in the Gold Coast
- Jan 28 William Kneass becomes 3rd US chief engraver (1824-40)
- Feb 4 J W Goodrich introduces rubber galoshes to public
Event of Interest
Feb 10 Simón Bolívar named dictator by the Congress of Peru
Simón Bolívar
- Feb 16 Athenaeum club founded in London
- Mar 2 Interstate commerce comes under federal control
- Mar 4 The "National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck" founded in the United Kingdom, later to be renamed The Royal National Lifeboat Institution in 1858.
- Mar 5 First Burmese War: The British officially declare war on Burma
- Mar 11 US War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs
- Mar 17 Britain & Netherlands sign a trade agreement
- Mar 21 Fire at Cairo ammunitions dump kills 4,000 horses
- Apr 17 Russia abandons all North American claims south of 54° 40'N
- May 2 Goethe visits Ettersberg (Buchenwald)
- May 10 The National Gallery in London opens to the public in its temporary home in a townhouse on Pall Mall
Event of Interest
May 17 The diaries of Lord Byron are burnt by six of the poet's friends at the office of John Murray in London, sometimes described as “the greatest crime in literary history”
Lord Byron
- May 24 Pope Leo XII proclaims a universal jubilee
- May 26 Brazil is recognized by the US
- Jun 4 First free press (without government approval) founded in Australia - the Hobart Town Gazette by ex-convict Andrew Bent [1]
- Jun 8 Washing machine patented by Noah Cushing of Quebec
- Jun 17 US Bureau of Indian Affairs established
- Jun 21 Greek War of Independence: Egyptian forces capture Psara in the Aegean Sea
Historic Publication
Jul 24 Harrisburg Pennsylvanian newspaper publishes results of 1st public opinion poll, with a clear lead for Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson
- Jul 25 Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua.
- Aug 4 Battle of Kos is fought between Turks and Greeks
- Aug 6 Battle at Junan - Simon Bolívar's army defeats the Spanish
- Aug 14 General Lafayette returns to US
- Aug 15 Freed American slaves establish Liberia on the West African coast through the American Colonization Society (ACS)
- Sep 12 Moreton Bay Penal Settlement established at Redcliffe, Queensland, with about 30 convicts (modern Brisbane, Australia) [1]
- Sep 26 Kapiolani defies Pele (Hawaiian volcano goddess) & lives
- Oct 4 Mexico becomes a republic
- Oct 9 Slavery is abolished in Costa Rica
- Oct 21 Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement (Yorkshire, England)
- Nov 2 Popular presidential vote 1st recorded; Andrew Jackson beats John Quincy Adams
- Nov 7 St Petersburg floods to 4.20m, city's greatest flood
- Nov 15 Series of fires kills 10 in Edinburgh, Scotland
- Nov 16 New York City's Fifth Avenue opens for business
- Nov 19 Storm causes flooding in St Petersburg, killing 10,000
- Nov 21 First Jewish Reform congregation forms, Charleston, South Carolina
- Nov 30 First ground is broken at Allenburg for the building of the original Welland Canal
Election of Interest
Dec 1 US House of Representatives begins to decide outcome of election deadlock between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson (Adams wins)
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Birthdays in History
- Jan 7 James Morrison Hawes, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Lexington, Kentucky (d. 1889)
- Jan 8 [William] Wilkie Collins, English writer (Woman in White), born in London (d. 1889)
- Jan 8 Francisco González Bocanegra, Mexican poet, born in San Luis Potosi, Mexico (d. 1861)
- Jan 15 Marie Duplessis [Alphonsine Rose Plessis], French courtesan, born in Nonant-le-Pin, Normandy, France (d. 1847)
Stonewall Jackson
Jan 21 Stonewall Jackson [Thomas Jonathan], Confederate general during the American Civil War, born in Clarksburg, Virginia (d. 1863)
Stonewall Jackson
- Jan 27 Jozef Israels, Dutch painter
- Feb 3 George Thomas "Tige" Anderson, Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
- Feb 3 Nathan George "Shanks" Evans, American Brigadier-General (Confederate States Army), born in Marion County, South Carolina (d. 1868)
- Feb 3 Ranald MacDonald, Canadian-born Scottish educator and interpreter (d. 1894)
- Feb 7 William Higgins, discoverer (nature of spiral nebulae)
- Feb 8 Barnard Elliot Bee, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1861)
- Feb 10 Samuel Plimsoll, inventor (Plimsoll line for ships), born in Bristol, England
- Feb 12 Dayananda Sarasvati, Indian hindu leader, founder of Arya Samaj reform movement, born in Tantara, India (d. 1883)
- Feb 14 Winfield Scott Hancock, American politician and Major General (Union Army), born in Montgomeryville, Pennsylvania (d. 1886)
- Feb 16 Peter Kozler, Slovenian cartographer and geographer (d. 1879)
- Feb 17 William Farrar "Baldy" Smith, American Major General (Union Army), born in St. Albans, Vermont (d. 1903)
- Feb 22 Pierre Janssen, French astronomer, discovered helium, born in Paris, France (d. 1907)
- Feb 23 Herman N van der Tuuk, Dutch philologist (Tobasch' Grammar)
- Feb 23 Lewis Cass Hunt, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Brown County Wisconsin (d. 1886)
- Feb 24 John Crawford Vaughn, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1875)
- Feb 26 Carlos Calvo, Argentine diplomat and human rights scholar (Calvo Clause)
- Feb 28 Charles Blondin, French acrobat and tight rope walker, born in St. Omer (d. 1897)
- Feb 28 John Creed Moore, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1910)
- Mar 2 Konstantin Ushinsky, Russian educationalist, credited as the founder of scientific pedagogy in Russia
- Mar 2 Henry Beebee Carrington, American lawyer, professor, prolific author, and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Wallingford, Connecticut (d. 1912)
- Mar 5 Elisha Harris, American physician/found American Public Health Assoc
- Mar 5 James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman (Currier and Ives), born in NYC, New York (d. 1895)
Leland Stanford
Mar 9 Leland Stanford, American business tycoon (Southern Pacific Railroad), 8th Governor of California and founder of Stanford University, born in Watervliet, New York (d. 1893)
Leland Stanford
- Mar 10 Thomas James Churchill, Major General (Confederate Army), (d. 1905)
- Mar 12 Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist (spectroscopy, coined "black body" radiation), born in Königsberg, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1887)
- Mar 15 Branko Radicevic, Serbian poet (1st Serbian Uprising)
- Mar 15 Jules Chevalier, French Roman Catholic priest (Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, Daughters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart), born in Richelieu, Touraine, France (d. 1907)
- Mar 22 William Henry Chase Whiting, American Major General (Confederate Army), born in Biloxi, Mississippi (d. 1865)
- Mar 25 Clinton L. Merriam, American politician (Rep-(R)-NY) (d. 1900)
- Mar 29 Ludwig Büchner, German philosopher and physician, born in Darmstadt, Germany (d. 1899)
- Mar 30 Innis Newton Palmer, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Buffalo, New York (d. 1900)
- Apr 5 Sydney Thompson Dobell, English poet, born in Cranbrook, Kent (d. 1874)
- Apr 20 Alfred H. Colquitt, American lawyer and Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Monroe, Georgia (d. 1894)
- Apr 24 François Fournier, Swiss-French postage stamp forger, born in Croix-de-Rozon, Switzerland (d. 1917)
- Apr 25 Gustave Boulanger, French painter, born in Paris (d. 1888)
- May 8 William Walker, American physician and president of Nicaragua (1856-57), born in Nashville, Tennessee (d. 1860)
- May 9 William Edmonson "Grumble" Jones, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Washington County, Virginia (d. 1864)
- May 10 Charles Henry Van Wyck, American politician and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Poughkeepsie, New York (d. 1895)
- May 11 Jean-Léon Gérôme, French painter and sculptor (d. 1904), born in Rome, Italy
- May 16 Edmund Kirby Smith, American General (Confederate Army), born in St Augustine, Florida (d. 1893)
- May 16 Levi Parsons Morton, (R) 22nd US VP (1889-93)
Ambrose Burnside
May 23 Ambrose Burnside, American soldier, industrialist and politician (Governor of Rhode Island, 1866-69) who popularized sideburns, born in Liberty, Indiana (d. 1881)
Ambrose Burnside
- May 29 Cadmus M. Wilcox, American Major General (Confederate Army - American Civil War), born in Wayne County, North Carolina (d. 1890)
- Jun 2 Samuel Wilks, British Physician and founding father of clinical science, born in London, England
- Jun 3 Charles Kinnaird Graham, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in NYC, New York (d. 1889)
- Jun 8 James Loudon, Dutch politician, Governor-General of Dutch East Indies (1872-75), born in The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1900)
- Jun 8 William Montgomery Gardner, American Brigadier-General (Confederate Army), born in Augusta, Georgia (d. 1901)
- Jun 18 Johannes Heykamp, Catholic archbishop of Utrecht
- Jun 20 George Edmund Street, English architect, born in Woodford, London (d. 1881)
- Jun 20 John Tyler Morgan, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Athens, Tennessee (d. 1907)
William Thomson
Jun 26 William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Irish-Scottish mathematical physicist (Kelvin Scale) and engineer (transatlantic telegraph), born in Belfast, Ireland (d. 1907)
William Thomson
- Jun 28 Paul Broca, French brain surgeon and anthropologist (located speech center), born in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France (d. 1880)
- Jun 28 William T. Wofford, Brigadier General (Confederate Army-American Civil War), born in Toccoa, Habersham County, Georgia (d. 1884)
- Jun 29 Victor J van Hinsbergh, South Neth engraver (PTT Stempels)
- Jul 7 Alfred Pleasonton, American Major General (Union Army), born in Washington, D.C. (d. 1897)
- Jul 8 Waldimir "Kriz" Krzyzanowski, Polish-American engineer, politician, and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland (d. 1887)
- Jul 10 Rudolf von Bennigsen, German lawyer and politician, born in Lüneburg, Hanover (d. 1902)
- Jul 12 Eugène Boudin, French painter (beach scenes), born in Honfleur, France (d. 1898)
- Jul 20 Alexander Schimmelfennig, Prussian-American political revolutionary and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Bromberg, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1865)
- Jul 23 Gabriel C. Wharton, American civil engineer and Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Culpeper County, Virginia (d. 1906)
- Jul 25 Richard James Oglesby, American politician and Major General (Union Army), born in Oldham County, Kentucky (d. 1899)
- Jul 25 George B. Vashon, American, lawyer, academic and poet, first African American lawyer in NY, born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania (d. 1878)
- Aug 3 William Burnham Woods, American politician, judge, and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Newark, Ohio (d. 1887)
- Aug 8 Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse), Tsarina of Russia (d. 1880)
- Aug 9 Simon Goodell Griffin, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Newark, Ohio (d. 1887)
- Aug 14 William Terry, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Amherst County, Virginia (d. 1888)
- Aug 20 Absalom Baird, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Rockland, Maine (d. 1905)
- Aug 21 John Sanford Mason, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Steubenville, Ohio (d. 1897)
- Aug 27 Hiram Gregory Berry, American politician and Major General (Union Army), born in Thomaston, Main (d. 1863)
- Aug 28 Carel van Nispen of Sevenaer, Dutch Catholic politician, born in Zevenaar, Netherlands (d. 1884)
- Sep 1 Isaac Hardin Duval, American businessman and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Wellsburg, West Virginia (d. 1902)
- Sep 4 Phoebe Cary, American poet (Poems of Alice & Phoebe Cary), born in Cincinnati, Ohio (d. 1871)
- Sep 21 Joseph Andrew Jackson Lightburn, American Baptist Minister and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Webster, Pennsylvania (d. 1901)
- Sep 24 Truman Seymour, American artist and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Burlington, Vermont (d. 1891)
- Sep 27 William "Bull" Nelson, American Major General (Union Army), born in Maysville, Kentucky (d. 1862)
- Sep 28 Alfred Gilpin Jones, 8th Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia (1900-06), born in Weymouth, NOva Scotia, Canada (d. 1906)
- Sep 28 Francis Turner Palgrave, English poet (Golden Treasury), born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England (d. 1897)
- Oct 19 Rufus Saxton, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Greenfield, Massachusetts (d. 1908)
- Oct 23 Thomas Gamble Pitcher, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Rockport, Indiana (d. 1895)
- Oct 26 Arthur Middleton Manigault, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Charleston, South Carolina (d. 1886)
- Oct 29 Joseph Horace Lewis, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Barren County, Kentucky (d. 1904)
- Nov 18 Franz Sigel, German teacher, newspaperman, politician and Major General (Union Army), born in Sinsheim, Baden, Germany (d. 1902)
- Nov 18 Isham Nicholas Hayne, American lawyer, politician, and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Dover, Tennessee (d. 1868)
- Nov 21 Hieronymus Theodor Richter, German mineralogist and co-discoverer of the element indium, born in Dresden, Saxony (d. 1898)
- Nov 24 Charles Verlat, Flemish painter, born in Antwerp, Belgian (d. 1890)
- Dec 5 Titian James Coffey, Atty Gen (Union), (d. 1867)
- Dec 10 George MacDonald, Scottish poet and sci-fi author (Princess & Curdie), born in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, Scotland(d. 1905)
- Dec 14 Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter, born in Lyon, Rhône, France (d. 1898)
- Dec 17 John Kerr, Scottish physicist and pioneer in the field of electro-optics (electro-visually Kerr-effect), born in Ardrossan, Scotland (d. 1907)
- Dec 17 Manning Ferguson Force, American lawyer, judge and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Washington, D.C. (d. 1899)
- Dec 17 Thomas Starr King, NY, Unitarian clergyman (Christianity & Humanity)
- Dec 19 Hercules Robinson, British colonial administrator (Ceylon, Fiji, New Zealand, South Africa), born in County Westmeath Ireland (d. 1897)
- Dec 26 Augustus Louis Chetlain, American Major General (Union Army), born in St. Louis, Missouri (d. 1914)
Weddings in History
Wedding of Interest
Jan 1 US President James Knox Polk (28) weds Sarah Childress (20) in Murfreesboro
James Knox Polk
Wedding of Interest
Aug 3 Inventor Charles Goodyear (23) weds Clarissa Beecher
Charles Goodyear
Wedding of Interest
Sep 2 US Navy flag officer David Farragut (23) weds Susan Caroline Marchant
David Farragut
Wedding of Interest
Oct 8 Salt Lake City founder Brigham Young (23) weds first wife Miriam Angeline Works (18) in Port Byron, New York
Brigham Young
Deaths in History
- Jan 10 Victor Emanuel I, king of Sardinia (1802-21), dies at 64
- Jan 24 Ercole Consalvi, Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal, dies at 66
- Jan 26 Théodore Géricault, French painter (The Raft of the Medusa), dies at 32
- Jan 29 Louise of Stolberg-Gedern, Countess of Albany, dies at 71
- Feb 8 Rhijnvis Feith, Dutch mayor/writer (Zwolle, Julia), dies at 71
- Feb 9 Anna Katharina Emmerick, Roman Catholic Augustinian Canoness Regular of Windesheim, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist, dies at 49
- Feb 20 Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien, Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars, dies at 63
- Feb 21 Eugène de Beauharnais, stepson of NapoleonI (son of Alexandre de Beauharnais and Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie), dies at 42
- Mar 9 Jacobus J Cramer, priest of Holland/Zealand/Friesland, dies at 79
- Apr 15 Theodorus Frederik van Capellen, Dutch vice-admiral (Algiers), dies at 61
Lord Byron
Apr 19 Lord Byron [George Gordon Byron], British romantic poet (Childe Harold's Pilgrimage), dies at 36
Lord Byron
- Apr 24 Herman Muntinghe, Dutch theologist (History of Mankind), dies at 71
- May 4 Joseph Joubert, French essayist and moralist (b. 1754)
- May 26 Capel Lofft, English writer (b. 1751)
- Jun 14 Agustín de Betancourt, Spanish civil engineer (steam engines, hot air balloons), dies at 68
- Jun 16 Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance, Third Consul of France (b. 1739)
- Jun 18 Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1790-1801), dies at 55
- Jun 21 Étienne Aignan, French writer, dies at 51
Agustín de Iturbide
Jul 19 Agustín de Iturbide [crowned Agustin I], Mexican army general, politician and the 1st emperor of Mexico is executed by firing squad at 40
Agustín de Iturbide
Louis XVIII
Sep 16 Louis XVIII SX, earl of Province/king of France (1814-24), dies
Louis XVIII
- Oct 27 Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres, Swiss-Canadian cartographer and statesman, dies at 102
- Dec 21 James Parkinson, English physician (First description of Parkinson's disease) and political activist, dies at 69
- Dec 25 Barbara Juliane, baroness von Krüdener, Baltic German religious mystic, author, and Pietist Lutheran theologian, dies at 60