Events in History
- Jul 2 One-time Methodist Reform Church minister William Booth and his wife Catherine found the Salvation Army (Army of the Salvation) as the East London Christian Mission
Historic Publication
Jul 4 First edition of "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll is published
Lewis Carroll
Execution of Lincoln's Assassins
Jul 7 Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold and George Atzerodt are executed for their role in the conspiracy to assassinate US President Abraham Lincoln
Learn More
- Jul 13 Horace Greeley, founder and editor of the "New-York Tribune" reputedly advises his readers to "Go west young man"
Event of Interest
Jul 13 P. T. Barnum's museum burns down
P. T. Barnum
Event of Interest
Jul 21 In market square of Springfield, Missouri, Wild Bill Hickok shoots and kills Davis Tutt in what is regarded as the first true western showdown
Wild Bill Hickok
- Jul 26 Patrick Francis Healy is 1st African American awarded PhD (from University of Leuven, Belgium)
- Jul 26 The capital of New Zealand moves from Auckland to Wellington
- Jul 27 Welsh settlers arrive at Chubut in Argentina.
- Jul 30 Pope Pius IX visits Suriname
- Jul 31 The first narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Australia
Birthdays in History
- Jul 2 Lily Braun, German feminist and socialist writer (Im Schatten Titanen), born in Halberstadt, Saxony, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1916)
- Jul 10 Johannes "Pa" van der Steur, Dutch missionary and philanthropist (Steurtjes), born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1945)
- Jul 14 Annie Jones, Virginia, bearded lady
- Jul 15 Alfred Charles William Harmsworth, 1st viscount Northcliffe
- Jul 15 Wilhelm Wirtinger, Austrian mathematician (d. 1945)
- Jul 16 George A. Birmingham, Irish clergyman and novelist, born in Belfast (d. 1950)
- Jul 18 Laurence Housman, English author and playwright (Victoria Regina), born in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire, England (d. 1959)
- Jul 19 Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and co-founder (Mayo Clinic), born in Rochester, Minnesota (d. 1939)
- Jul 23 Friedrich Aereboe, German landlord and agricultural economist, born in Horn, Hamburg (d. 1942)
- Jul 23 Max Heindel, Danish-American Christian occultist, astrologer and mystic, born in Aarhus, Denmark (d. 1919)
- Jul 25 Jac[obus] P. Thijsse, Dutch biologist and educator (Contact with Plants), born in Maastricht, Netherlands (d. 1945)
- Jul 26 Philipp Scheidemann, German politcian (SPD) and Mayor of Kassel, born in Kassel, Germany (d. 1939)
Deaths in History
- Jul 7 Lewis Powell, American Confederate soldier who was part of the conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln and who attempted to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward, executed by hanging at 21
- Jul 7 David Herold, American pharmacist's assistant who was part of the conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln, executed by hanging at 23
- Jul 7 George Atzerodt, American conspirator who failed to attempt an assassination of Vice President Andrew Johnson on the night Abraham Lincoln was murdered, executed by hanging at 30
- Jul 7 Mary Surratt, American boarding house owner who was part of the conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln, executed by hanging at 42 or 45. She becomes the first woman executed by the US government.
- Jul 15 Reinier C Bakhuizen van de Brink, Dutch historian, dies at 55
- Jul 25 James Barry [Margaret Ann Bulkley], British military surgeon and the 1st woman in Great Britain to become a qualified medical doctor, dies at 66 or 67
- Jul 30 George Wright, US Union brigadier general, dies at 61