1876 in History

• Jan 1 The Reichsbank opens in Berlin.
• Jan 15 "Die Afrikaanse Patriot", the first newspaper in Afrikaans, is published in Paarl
• Jan 31 The United States orders all Native Americans to move into reservations.
• Feb 7 US President Grant's private secretary Orville acquitted in Whiskey Ring
• Feb 14 Alexander G. Bell & Elisha Gray apply separately for telephone patents Supreme Court eventually rules Bell rightful inventor
• Feb 15 Historic Elm at Boston blown down
• Feb 17 Sardines first canned by Julius Wolff in Eastport, Maine
• Feb 18 Direct telegraph link established between Britain & New Zealand
• Feb 22 Johns Hopkins University opens
• Feb 24 Henrik Ibsen's "Peer Gynt" premieres in Oslo
• Mar 1 Guernsey Cattle Club forms (Farmington Conn)
• Mar 4 US Congress decides to impeach Minister of War Belknap

• Mar 7 Battle at Gura: Ethiopian emperor Yohannes beats Egyptians
• Mar 10 First telephone call; Alexander Graham Bell says "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you" to his assistant Thomas Watson
• Mar 17 General Crook destroy Cheyennes & Oglala-Sioux Indian camps


• Apr 2 Philadelphia A's and Boston Red Caps play 1st NL game, in Philadelphia
• Apr 11 Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks organizes in New York City
• Apr 11 Sir Charles Gordon ends religious tolerance in Sudan
• Apr 18 Daniel O'Leary completes a 500 mile walk in 139 hrs 32 min
• May 2 The April Uprising breaks out in Bulgaria
• May 10 Centennial Fair opens in Philadelphia
• May 13 Amersfoort-Zutphen railway opens

• May 23 1st NL no-hitter (Joe Borden, Boston)
• May 25 1st tie in NL history (Athletics & Louisville, 2-2 in 14)
• May 26 HMS Challenger returns from 128,000-km oceanographic exploration
• May 30 Ottoman sultan Abd-ul-Aziz is deposed and succeeded by his nephew Murat V.
• Jun 2 Hristo Botev, a Bulgarian poet and national revolutionary, is killed in Stara Planina
• Jun 3 Lacrosse introduced in Britain and Canada
• Jun 4 An express train called the Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco, California, via the First Transcontinental Railroad only 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City.
• Jun 5 Bananas become popular in US, at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia

• Jun 14 1st player to hit for cycle (George Hall, Philadelphia Athletics)
• Jun 14 California Street Cable Car Railroad Co gets its franchise
• Jun 15 Sara Spencer (R) is 1st woman to address a US presidential convention
• Jun 15 Tsunamis after earthquake floods NE coast of Japan, kills 28,000
• Jun 17 1st to hit 2 HRs; & score 5 runs in 9 inn NL game (George Hall, A's)
• Jun 17 Battle of Rosebud/Battle Where Girl Saved Her Brother

• Jun 27 1st NLer to get 6 hits in 9 inn game (Dave Force, Philadelphia Athletics)


• Jun 27 Democratic Party elects Samuel Tilden as US presidential candidate
• Jun 30 Serbia declares war on Turkey
• Jul 3 Montenegro declares war on Turkey
• Jul 4 1st public exhibition of electric light in San Francisco
• Jul 4 Batholdi visits Bedloe Island, future home of his Statue of Liberty
• Jul 8 White terrorists attack Black Republicans in Hamburg South Carolina, killing 5
• Jul 9 Black landowner murdered in Hamburg South Carolina
• Jul 13 29th US Postmaster General: James N Tyner of Indiana takes office
• Jul 20 1st US intercollegiate track meet held, Saratoga, NY; Princeton wins
• Jul 31 US Coast Guard officers' training school established (New Bedford Massachusetts)
• Aug 1 Colorado becomes 38th state of the Union
• Aug 8 Dan O'Leacy completes 500 mile walk in 139h32m

• Aug 10 1st phone call between Brantford & Paris, Canada
• Aug 14 Prairie View State University forms
• Aug 15 US law removes Indians from Black Hills after gold find
• Aug 24 Riot abolishes fairs in Amsterdam, 2 killed
• Aug 31 Ottoman sultan Murat V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid II.
• Sep 6 Race riot in Charleston, South Carolina
• Sep 6 Southern Pacific line from Los Angeles to San Francisco completed

• Sep 12 King Leopold II opens Congo-conference

• Sep 14 Leopold II closes Congo-conference
• Sep 17 Race riots in South Carolina
• Sep 19 1st carpet sweeper patented (Melville Bissell of Grand Rapids, Mich)
• Sep 23 Ottawa Rough Riders play their 1st game
• Sep 26 1st Belgian parachute jump (Glorieux)
• Oct 6 American Library Association organized in Philadelphia
• Oct 9 1st 2-way telephone conversation, 1st over outdoor wires
• Oct 16 Race riot at Cainhoy SC (5 whites & 1 black killed)
• Oct 17 Henry Morton Stanley's reaches Lualaba River
• Oct 23 New Orleans Mint reopens as an assay office
• Oct 26 US President sends federal troops to Southern Carolina
• Oct 31 Great Backerganj Cyclone of 1876 ravages British India (Modern-day Bangladesh), over 200,000 killed
• Nov 1 King Willem III opens North Sea Canal (Amsterdam-IJmuiden)
• Nov 1 New Zealand's provincial government system is dissolved.
• Nov 5 Henry Morton Stanley's expedition leaves Nyangwe
• Nov 7 Edward Bouchet is 1st African American to receive a Ph.D from a US college (Yale)
• Nov 7 Meharry Medical College forms at Central Tennesse College
• Nov 7 President Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden claim presidential victory as Tilden (D) wins election but Electoral college selects Hayes (R)
• Nov 21 Skirmish between HM Stanley's expedition & natives
• Nov 23 Columbia, Harvard & Princeton form Intercollegiate Football Association
• Nov 25 Indian Wars: In retaliation for the American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River.

• Dec 5 Daniel Stillson (Mass) patents 1st practical pipe wrench
• Dec 5 Fire at Brooklyn Theater kills 295, trampled or burned to death
• Dec 6 1st crematorium in US begins operation, Washington, Pennsylvania
• Dec 6 City of Anaheim incorporated for 2nd time
• Dec 6 US Electoral College picks Rutherford B. Hayes as President, despite Samuel J. Tilden winning more votes
• Dec 7 NY Mutuals & Philadelphia A's expelled from NL for not completing sked
• Dec 8 Suriname begins compulsory education for 7-12 years
• Dec 23 Turkey's 1st constitution proclaimed
• Dec 29 11 passenger cars crash in a ravine near Ashtabula, Ohio, 92 die

Birthdays 1 - 100 of 105

• Jan 1 Johan C Altorf, sculptor (October 3rd monument)
• Jan 1 Harriet Brooks, Canadian physicist (d. 1933)
• Jan 3 Wilhelm Pieck, co-founder German Communist Party/pres (1949-60)

• Jan 9 Hans Bethge, German poet, born in Dessau (d. 1946)
• Jan 10 Jan Eisenloeffel, Dutch goldsmith, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 1957)
• Jan 12 Jack London, American writer/socialist (Call of the Wild), born in San Francisco (d. 1916)
• Jan 17 Olga Fastrová, Czech writer and editor (National Policy), born in Prague (d. 1965)
• Jan 17 Frank Hague, American politician (d. 1956)
• Feb 6 Wilhelm Schmidtbonn[-Schmidt], German playwright (Der Sprechende Eros)
• Feb 8 Paula Modersohn-Becker, German "entartet" painter
• Feb 12 Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama, born in Thakpo Langdun (d. 1933)
• Feb 16 G. M. Trevelyan [George Macaulay Trevelyan], British historian and academic, born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England (d. 1962)
• Feb 19 Constantin Brancusi, Romanian French sculptor (Princesse X), born in Hobita (d. 1957)
• Feb 21 Pyotr Konchalovsky, Russian painter (d. 1956)
• Feb 23 Agnes M Royden, writer
• Feb 25 Charles Freer, art collector; endowed Freer Gallery [or 1856]
• Feb 26 Agustín Pedro Justo, President of Argentina (1932-38) during the Infamous Decade, born in Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos (d. 1943)
• Feb 26 Pauline Musters, smallest man (1'11.2" (58.9 cm))
• Mar 1 Henry graaf de Baillet-Latour, Belgian President of IOC (1925-42)
• Mar 1 Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian IOC president (d. 1942)
• Mar 2 Pius XII, [Euhenio MGG Pacelli], 260th Pope (1939-58)
• Mar 4 Léon-Paul Fargue, French poet (d. 1947)
• Mar 4 Theodore Hardeen, Magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d. 1945)
• Mar 11 David Wijnkoop, Dutch revolutionary socialist, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 1941)
• Mar 20 Payne Whitney, American businessman (d. 1927)
• Mar 23 Muirhead Bone, etcher/engraver of architecture, born in Glasgow, Scotland
• Mar 26 Prince William of Wied, Prince of Albania (1914-25), born in Neuwied, German Empire (d. 1945)
• Mar 29 Joseph Schmidlin, German church historian and antifascist, born in Petit-Landau, France (d. 1941)
• Mar 30 Clifford Whittingham Beers, American mental hygiene pioneer
• Mar 31 Borisav "Bora" Stanković, Serbian writer (d. 1927)
• Apr 4 Maurice de Vlaminck, Fauvist painter (Village in the Snow), born in Paris, France (d. 1958)
• Apr 11 Paul Henry, Northern Irish artist, born in Belfast, Ireland (d. 1958)
• Apr 14 Cecil Chubb, English barrister, gifted Stonehenge to the British nation, born in Shrewton (d. 1934)
• Apr 17 Ian Hay [John Hay Beith], British novelist and playwright (Pip, Carrying On), born in Rusholme, Manchester (d. 1952)
• Apr 19 Hendrik W A E, duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin/king of Netherlands
• Apr 23 Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, German historian (The Third Reich), born in Solingen, Westphalia, German Empire (d. 1925)
• Apr 24 Erich Raeder, German naval commander (1928–43), born in Wandsbek, Germany (d. 1960)
• Apr 29 Zauditu of Ethiopia (d. 1930)
• Apr 30 Orso Mario Corbino, Italian physicist (d. 1937)
• May 10 Ivan Cankar, Slavs author (Hlapec Jernej-Njegova Pravica)
• May 12 Harold, grandson of English queen Victoria
• May 19 William King Gregory, Greenwich Village New York, American palaeontologist (mammalian teeth, evolutionary theory)
• May 27 Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski, Polish writer (d. 1945)
• Jun 11 Alfred L. Kroeber, American anthropologist and author (Anthropologist looks at History), born in Hoboken, New Jersey (d. 1960)
• Jun 13 William Sealey Gosset, English chemist, statistician (d. 1937)
• Jun 21 Willem Hendrik Keesom, Dutch physicist (helium vast), born in Texel, Netherlands (d. 1956)
• Jun 22 Gwen (Gwendolen) John, Haverfordwest, Wales, Welsh painter
• Jun 29 Nellie Tayloe Ross, American politician and the 1st woman to serve as a governor (Wyoming, 1925-27), born in Saint Joseph, Missouri (d. 1977)
• Jul 2 Wilhelm Cuno, German ship owner/republic chancellor (1922-23)

• Jul 12 Max Jacob, French poet and writer, born in Quimper, Brittany, France (d. 1944)
• Jul 17 Maxim M Litvinov, [Meyer H Wallach], Russian diplomat
• Jul 17 Rosa Jackson Lumpkin, lived to be 115 years old, born in Flint, Georgia (d. 1991)
• Jul 19 Joseph Fielding Smith Jr., 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, born in Salt Lake City, Utah (d. 1972)
• Jul 20 Otto Blumenthal, German mathematician (d. 1944)
• Aug 5 Mary R Beard, historian (Woman as a Force in History), born in Indianapolis, Indiana
• Aug 12 Mary Roberts Rinehart, American mystery writer ( The Circular Staircase), born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania (d. 1958)
• Aug 14 Alexander I Obrenovic, King of Serbia/Yugoslavia (1922-34)
• Aug 14 Sibilla Aleramo [Rina Faccio], Italian feminist and poet (Una Donna), born in Alessandria, Italy (d. 1960)
• Aug 15 Aleksandar Belic, Serbian linguist, born in Belgrade, Serbia (d. 1960)
• Aug 16 Ivan Bilibin, Russian illustrator, born in Seppälä, Russia (d. 1942)
• Aug 17 Eric Drummond, 1st Secretary-General of League of Nations (1919-33)
• Aug 17 Henri G Winkelman, Dutch general/supreme commander/navy 1940
• Aug 29 Charles F. Kettering, American inventor (auto self-starter), born in Loudenville, Ohio (d. 1958)
• Aug 29 Kim Gu, President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1939-48), born in Haeju, Hwanghae, Korea (d. 1949)
• Sep 1 Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political activist (d. 1961)
• Sep 5 Abdelaziz Thâalbi, Tunisian politician, born in Tunis, Tunisia (d. 1944)
• Sep 5 Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal, born in Landsberg am Lech, Germany (d. 1956)
• Sep 6 John Macleod, Scottish-Canadian physiologist (Nobel 1923), born in Clunie, Dunkeld, Scotland (d. 1935)
• Sep 6 Willem Adriaan Bonger, Dutch criminologist (Race & Crime), born in Amsterdam (d. 1940)
• Sep 7 C. J. Dennis, Australian poet (The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke), born in Auburn, South Australia (d. 1938)
• Sep 13 Sherwood Anderson, American author and publisher (Winesburg Ohio), born in Camden, Ohio (d. 1941)
• Sep 15 Frank E Gannett, newspaper publisher (Gannett), born in Rochester, New York
• Sep 15 Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian novelist (d. 1938)
• Sep 18 Milan Rakic, Serbian poet (Nove Pesme), born in Belgrade, Serbia (d. 1938)
• Sep 18 James Scullin, Australian Labour Party politician and 9th Prime Minister of Australia, born in Trawalla, Victoria, Australia (d. 1953)
• Sep 22 André Tardieu, Prime Minister of France (d. 1945)
• Sep 26 Edith Abbott, American social worker and educator (University of Chicago Social Sciences), born in Grand Island, Nebraska (d. 1957)
• Oct 4 Hugh McCrae, Australian writer and poet (Satyrs and Sunlight: Sylvarum Libri), born in Melbourne (d. 1958)
• Oct 6 Ernest Lapointe, French-Canadian politician (d. 1941)
• Oct 11 Gertrud von Le Fort, German writer (The Eternal Woman), born in Minden, Westphalia (d. 1971)
• Oct 22 Karl B Adam, German theologist (Christ our Brother)
• Oct 23 Franz Schlegelberger, German judge and politician (d. 1970)
• Oct 28 Albert E Michotte van den Berck, Belgian psychologist
• Oct 31 Eduard van Oort, Dutch ornithologist (Ornithology of Netherlands), born in Barneveld, Netherlands (d. 1933)
• Nov 3 Stephen Peter Alencastre, Roman Catholic prelate (d. 1940)
• Nov 4 James Fraser, designed buffalo nickel
• Nov 5 Raymond Duchamp-Villon, cubist sculptor (Head of Baudeaire)
• Nov 7 Culbert Olson, American lawyer and politician (Gov-D-Cal), born in Fillmore, Utah (d. 1962)
• Nov 8 Frank L Gillespie, Ark, founded Supreme Life Insurance Company
• Nov 17 Baron Joseph van de Meulebroeck, mayor (Brussels, Belgium)
• Nov 19 Tatyana Alexeyevna Afanasyeva, Russian/Dutch mathematician (d. 1964)
• Nov 24 Walter Griffin, US architect, city planner; designed Canberra, Aust
• Nov 25 Princess Victoria Melita of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Grand Duchess of Hesse (d. 1936)
• Nov 26 Bart van der Leck, Dutch painter (Style), born in Utrecht, Netherlands (d. 1958)

• Dec 4 Dimitur Poljanov [Popov], Bulgarian poet (Iron Poems) (d. 1953)
• Dec 6 Fred Duesenberg, German-American automobile pioneer, born in Lippe, Germany (d. 1932)
• Dec 15 Ferdinand Hardekopf, German writer and journalist, born in Varel, Germany (d. 1954)

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• Jan 7 Juste Olivier, Swiss poet (b. 1807)
• Jan 9 Samuel Gridley Howe, United States physician, abolitionist, and an advocate of education for the blind, dies at 74
• Jan 15 Eliza Johnson, U.S. First Lady (b. 1810)
• Feb 3 Gino Capponi, Italian marquis, literary and Premier of Toscane, dies at 83
• Feb 10 Reverdy Johnson, American politician and jurist (Dred Scott v. Sandford), dies at 79
• Feb 24 Jan Pieter Heije, Dutch physician/writer/poet, dies at 67
• Feb 24 Joseph Jenkins Roberts, first President of Liberia (b. 1809)
• Mar 18 Ferdinand Freiligrath, German poet and translator, dies at 65
• Apr 2 Paul van Vlissingen, Dutch ship owner, dies at 78
• Apr 3 Henriette Davidis, writer, dies
• Apr 9 Charles Goodyear, American politician (D-NY), dies at 71
• May 7 William Buell Sprague, American clergyman and author (b. 1795)
• May 8 Truganini, last originating Tasmanian, dies
• May 12 Henri A Esquiros, French poet (Evangile du peuple), dies at 63
• May 12 Georgi Benkovski, Bulgarian revolutionary, brutally killed by the Turks (b. 1843)
• May 19 Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer, Dutch statesman and historian, dies at 74
• May 20 Harold, grandson of English queen Victoria, dies at 8 days old
• May 20 Khristo Botev, Bulgarian poet, dies
• May 24 Henry Kingsley, English/Australian writer, dies at 46
• May 26 Frantisek Palacky, Czech historian/MP, dies at 77
• May 27 Joseph Bosworth, lexicographer/scholar, dies
• Jun 1 Christo Botew, writer, dies
• Jun 8 George Sand [Amantine-Lucile-Aurore Dudevant], French author (Indiana, Consuelo), dies at 71
• Jun 17 Harriet Scott, American ex-slave, who with husband Dred Scott unsuccessfully sued for their freedom
• Jun 21 Antonio López de Santa Anna, President of Mexico who dominated Mexican history in the first half of the 19th century, dies at 79
• Jun 25 Boston Custer, brother of George Armstrong Custer, dies at 27

• Jun 25 Lame White Man, Cheyenne, dies at Little Bighorn
• Jun 25 Myles Keogh, US officer, dies at Little Bighorn
• Jun 25 Thomas W Custer, brother of George Custer, dies at Little Bighorn
• Jun 27 Christian G Ehrenberg, German zoologist (micro-organisms), dies at 81
• Jun 27 Harriet Martineau, British controversial journalist, political economist, abolitionist and life-long feminist, dies at 74
• Jul 1 Mikhail Bakunin, Russian revolutionary anarchist, dies at 62
• Jul 11 Ottho G Heldring, vicar (H-gestichten), dies at 72
• Jul 14 Thomas Hazlehurst, English Methodist chapel builder, dies at 60
• Jul 27 Walter Channing, American physician who was the first to use anesthesia during childbirth, dies at 90

• Aug 19 George Smith, English archaeologist and assyriologist (cuneiform script), dies of fever at 36
• Sep 5 Manuel Blanco Encalada, first president of Chile (b. 1790)
• Sep 9 American Horse, Sioux chief, dies in battle
• Sep 25 Adolf Glassbrenner, German satirical writer, dies at 66
• Sep 27 Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (b. 1817)
• Oct 1 James Lick, American land baron in California, dies at 80
• Oct 7 Georg Heinrich Pertz, German historian, dies at 81
• Oct 10 Charles Joseph Sainte-Claire Deville, French geologist (b. 1814)
• Oct 18 Francis Preston Blair, American journalist and newspaper editor (Washington Globe), dies at 85
• Oct 20 Jeronimo de Bosch Kemper, Dutch sociologist/historian, dies at 68
• Nov 6 Giacomo Antonelli, Italian cardinal and assistant secretary of state of Pius IX, dies at 70
• Nov 7 Albertus C van Raalte, Dutch/US vicar (Michigan), dies at 65
• Nov 28 Karl Earnest Ritter von Baer, Estonian/German embryologist, dies at 84
• Dec 20 Hannah Omish, at 12 is youngest ever hanged in US

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