Events in History
Event of Interest
Jul 1 General J. B. M. Hertzog founds the Free State National Party
Historic Invention
Jul 14 American engineer Robert Goddard is granted the first patent for liquid-fueled rocket design
- Jul 18 US army air service 1st comes into being, in Signal Corps
- Jul 20 Armed resistance against British rule begins in Ulster
- Jul 23 Austria-Hungary presents an ultimatum to Serbia; demanding acceptance within 48 hours making peacekeeping difficult
- Jul 25 Germany Socialist-Democrat Party declares: "No German blood for Austrian tyrant" in response to German support of Austria-Hungary
- Jul 25 Serbia meets the deadlines of Austria-Hungary's ultimatum and gives a conciliatory reply, though Serbia is mobilizing
- Jul 26 Britain attempts to organize a conference among major European powers to resolve dispute between Austria-Hungary and Serbia; France, Italy, and eventually Russia agree to participate. but Germany refuses
Admiral of Interest
Jul 26 First Lord of the Admiralty (British Minister of Navy) Winston Churchill orders British fleet to remain in state of readiness as threat of war in Europe grows
- Jul 26 Irish Volunteers unload a shipment of 1,500 rifles and 45,000 rounds of ammunition arrive from Germany aboard Erskine Childers' yacht the Asgard; British troops fire on jeering crowd on Bachelors Walk, Dublin, killing three citizens
- Jul 27 Felix Manalo registers the Iglesia ni Cristo with the Filipino government.
- Jul 28 Austria-Hungary decides against mediation and declares war on Serbia - first declaration of war of WWI
- Jul 28 First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill orders British Grand Fleet to Scapa Flow
- Jul 29 1st transcontinental phone link made between New York City and San Francisco
- Jul 29 Austrian-Hungary bombs Belgrade
- Jul 29 British fleet leaves Portland/passes Straits of Dover
- Jul 29 In response to Austria's declaration of war on Serbia, Russian diplomats and general urge general mobilization, but the Tsar calls for partial mobilization
- Jul 29 Russia mobilize troops along Austrian boundary
General Mobilization
Jul 30 After initial reluctance, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is persuaded to decree a general mobilization in response to Austria-Hungary's mobilization a few days earlier; 'Think of the thousands and thousands of men who will be sent to their deaths!' he claims
- Jul 30 French troops withdraw 10 km from German border
John French Takes Command
Jul 30 John French appointed Commander-in-Chief of the British Expeditionary Force
Wilhelm II's War Threat
Jul 31 German Emperor Wilhelm II threatens war, orders Russia to demobilize
- Jul 31 Oil discovered in Lake Maracaibo, northwestern Venezuela - the largest lake in South America
Birthdays in History
- Jul 2 Mário Schenberg, Brazilian physicist and electrical engineer, born in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil (d. 1990)
- Jul 4 Nuccio Bertone, Italian automobile designer, born in Turin, Piedmont, Italy (d. 1997)
- Jul 6 Viola Desmond, Canadian businesswoman and civil rights activist (first woman on a Canadian banknote), born in Halifax, Nova Scotia (d. 1965) [1]
- Jul 8 Jyoti Basu, Indian Communist politician, bornin Calcutta, British India (d. 2010)
- Jul 9 Willi Stoph, German politician (Prime Minister of German Democratic Republic 1964-73 and 1976-89), born in Schöneberg, Berlin, Germany (d. 1999)
- Jul 10 Joe Shuster, Canadian-American cartoonist (co-creator, with Jerry Siegel, of "Superman"), born in Toronto, Ontario (d. 1992)
- Jul 15 Akhtar Hameed Khan, pioneer of Microcredit in developing countries (d. 1999)
- Jul 17 James Purdy, American writer (The House of the Solitary Maggot), born near Fremont, Ohio, (d. 2009)
- Jul 18 Jo [Jozef Maria Laurens Theo] Cals, Prime Minister of Netherlands (1965-66) and Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences, born in Roermond, Netherlands (d. 1971)
- Jul 23 Alastair Down, Scottish CEO (Burmah Oil), born in Kirkcaldy, Fife (d. 2004)
- Jul 24 David Miles Bensusan-Butt, English economist, born in Colchester, England (d. 1994)
- Jul 24 Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman (Honest Ed's) and philanthropist, born in Colonial Beach, Virginia (d. 2007)
- Jul 24 Frances Oldham Kelsey, Canadian-American FDA Director (stopped thalidomide use in the US), born in Cobble Hill, British Columbia (d. 2015)
- Jul 24 Kenneth Bancroft Clark, American civil rights activist (Dark Ghetto) and first black president of the American Psychological Association, born in Panama Canal Zone (d. 2005)
- Jul 29 Abram Games, British graphic artist ("blonde bombshell" recruitment poster), born in London, England (d. 1996)
- Jul 29 Dovie Hudson, American community activist in rural Mississippi (filed lawsuit to desegregate the public schools) (d. 1994)
- Jul 31 Jose Ignacio Domecq, Spanish wine maker, born in Jerez, Spain (d. 1997)
- Jul 31 Raymond Aubrac, French resistance leader, born in Paris, France (d. 2012)
Weddings in History
D. H. Lawrence
Jul 13 British poet and novelist D. H. Lawrence (28) weds Frieda Weekley (34) after obtaining Frieda's divorce from her 1st husband
Elsa Schiaparelli
Jul 21 Fashion designer Elsa Schiaparelli (23) marries Wilhelm Frederick Wendt de Kerlor (30) in London
George Mallory
Jul 29 Mountain climber George Mallory (28) weds Ruth Dixon Turner
Deaths in History
- Jul 2 Joseph Chamberlain, British statesman, (Secretary of State for the Colonies),, dies at 78
- Jul 6 Delmira Agustini, Uruguayan poet (El Libro Blanco), murdered at 27
- Jul 11 Julius Rodenberg [Levy], German writer (Die Deutsche Rundschau), dies at 83
- Jul 19 Alexander Conze, German archaeologist, dies at 82
- Jul 30 Jean Jaurès, leading socialist, assassinated in Paris
- Jul 31 A J Jean Jaurès, French socialist (L'Humanité/Les Preuves), murdered=
Authors
Civil Rights Activists
Inventors
Kings
Revolutionaries
Scientists