On This Day in History for April 4

Events in History

Events 1 - 100 of 132

• 1081 Alexius I Comnenus occupies Byzantine throne
• 1460 University of Basle in Swizerland forms

• 1541 Ignatius of Loyola becomes 1st superior-general of Jesuits
• 1552 Mauritius van Saksen begins alliance with Karel Anikita Stroganov
• 1558 Tsar Ivan IV gives parts of North-Russia to fur traders

• 1588 Christian IV succeeds Frederick II as king of Denmark
• 1655 Battle at Postage Farina, Tunis: English fleet beats Barbary pirates
• 1655 The miraculous statue entitled the Infant of Prague is solemnly crowned by command of Cardinal Harrach

• 1686 English King James II publishes Declaration of Indulgence
• 1687 King James II orders his declaration of indulgence read in English churches
• 1737 Anthony van Heim installed as Dutch pension advisor

• 1818 Congress decides on the US flag: 13 red & white stripes & 20 stars


• 1828 Casparus van Wooden patents chocolate milk powder (Amsterdam)

• 1850 City of Los Angeles incorporated
• 1859 Bryant's Minstrels debut "Dixie" in New York City in the finale of a blackface minstrel show
• 1862 Siege of Yorktown, fought in York County and Newport News, Virginia begins (Yorktown campaign), inconclusive result (US Civil War)
• 1862 Peninsular Campaign, launched in southeastern Virginia, aimed at capturing Richmond during US Civil War begins, Confederate victory (US Civil War)
• 1864 Skirmish at Elkin's Ford (Little Missouri River), Arkansas
• 1865 Lee's army arrives at Amelia Courthouse

• 1870 Golden Gate Park forms by City Order #800
• 1887 Susanna Madora Salter elected 1st US woman mayor in Argonia, Kansas
• 1896 Announcement of gold discovery in Yukon
• 1899 South Africa all out 35 vs England (Trott 4-19, Haigh 6-11)
• 1900 Assassination attempt on Prince of Wales, later British King Edward VII when shot by Jean-Baptiste Sipido in protest over Boer war
• 1900 British garrison of Reddersberg surrenders to Boer general De Wet

• 1905 Earthquake in Kangra India, kills 20,000
• 1912 Army fires on striking mine workers at Lena-gold fields in Siberia
• 1912 Chinese republic proclaimed in Tibet
• 1913 Greek aviator Emmanuel Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot victim of the Hellenic Air Force when his plane crashes
• 1915 Germany protests vigorously to the US, claiming it must insist that Britain lifts its blockade and assert American neutrality
• 1917 US Senate agrees (82-6) to participate in WWI
• 1918 Food riot in Amsterdam
• 1920 Arabs attack Jews in Jerusalem


• 1922 WAAB (Baton Rouge La) becomes 1st US radio station with "W" calls
• 1926 Greek dictator Theodoros Pangalos elected president
• 1929 1st AAU Greco-Roman wrestling championships held
• 1930 The Communist Party of Panama is founded

• 1932 Vitamin C 1st isolated, CC King, Univ of Pittsburgh
• 1933 US Dirigible Akron crashes off coast of NJ, 73 die
• 1939 Faisal II ascends to throne of Iraq
• 1940 R Rodgers/Lorenz Hart's "Higher & Higher" premieres in NYC
• 1941 German troops conquer Benghazi, Libya
• 1944 British troops capture Addis Ababa Ethiopia
• 1944 De Gaulle forms new regime in exile, with communists
• 1944 Allied Bucharest bombings targeting railroads kills 5,000
• 1945 Hungary liberated from Nazi occupation (National Day)
• 1945 US forces liberated the Nazi death camp Ohrdruf in Germany
• 1945 US tanks and infantry conquer Bielefeld
• 1947 Convention on International Civil Aviation goes into effect
• 1947 Largest group of sunspots on record
• 1947 UN's International Civil Aviation Organization forms
• 1949 Israel & Jordan sign armistice agreement
• 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) treaty signed in Washington, D.C.
• 1950 Dirk Stikker becomes chairman of OES

• 1955 British government signs military treaty with Iraq
• 1956 Enid Bagnold's "Chalk Garden" premieres in London
• 1958 1st march against nuclear weapons (Aldermaston, England)
• 1958 Eugene Ionesco's "Tueur sans Gages" premieres in Darmstadt
• 1958 The CND Peace Symbol displayed in public for the first time in London
• 1959 Mali Federation founded, consisting of Senegal & French Sudan (dissolved 1960)
• 1960 Oscar awarded to Netherlands director Bert Haanstra
• 1960 Project Ozma begins at Green Bank radio astronomy center
• 1960 Senegal declares independence from France
• 1965 The first model of the new Saab Viggen fighter aircraft plane is unveiled.
• 1966 Pirate Radio Scotland changes name to Radio Ireland
• 1966 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
• 1967 Amsterdam Marines chase "Nozems" or rebellious youth out of Central Station
• 1967 Dutch De Young government forms
• 1968 Apollo 6 launched atop Saturn V; unmanned

• 1969 Haskell Karp receives the 1st temporary artificial heart, implanted by surgeon Denton Cooley at Texas Heart Institute in Houston
• 1970 Firestone World Tournament of Champions won by Don Johnson
• 1971 Marine clay under houses liquefies in St-Jean-Vianney, Quebec, 31 die
• 1972 1st electric power plant fueled by garbage begins operating
• 1973 World Trade Center, then the world's tallest building, opens in New York (110 stories)
• 1975 130 killed as USAF plane evacuating Vietnamese orphans crashes
• 1975 Steve Miller is arrested for burning his girlfriend's clothes
• 1975 USAF transport carrying orphans from Saigon crashes killing 155

• 1976 Seni Pramoj's Democratic Party wins elections in Thailand
• 1979 Ex-President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed.
• 1980 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
• 1981 Henry Cisneros becomes 1st Mexican-American mayor (San Antonio)
• 1983 6th space shuttle mission, Challenger 1 launched
• 1984 Michael Frayn's "Benefactors" premieres in London
• 1984 Winston Smith in Orwell's "1984" begins his secret diary
• 1987 Dow Jones up 69.89 points, ending at record 2,390.34 pts
• 1988 Largest crowd (55,438) at a season game at Riverfront (Reds Vs Cards)
• 1988 Last broadcast of "Crossroads" on British TV
• 1988 Mets set Opening Day record with 6 HRs

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Birthdays in History

• 1492 Ambrosius Blarer, German reformer, born in Konstanz, Germany (d. 1564)
• 1572 William Strachey, English writer ( early history of the English colonisation of North America), born in Saffron Walden, Essex (d. 1621)
• 1593 Edward Nicholas, English statesman (Secretary of State to Charles I and Charles II), born in Winterbourne Earls, United Kingdom (d. 1669)
• 1646 Antoine Galland, French orientalist and archaeologist, born in Rolot, France (d. 1715)
• 1648 Grinling Gibbons, Dutch-born British sculptor and woodcarver, born in Rotterdam, Netherlands (d. 1721)
• 1688 Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer and cartographer, born in Paris (d. 1768)
• 1718 Benjamin Kennicott, English churchman and Hebrew scholar, born in Totnes, Devon (d. 1783)
• 1758 John Hoppner, English portrait painter, born in Whitechapel, London (d. 1810)
• 1758 Pierre-Paul Prud'hon, French Romantic painter and draughtsman - allegorical paintings and portraits, born in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire (d. 1823)
• 1772 Nachman of Breslov, Ukrainian founder of Breslov Hasidut, born in Międzybóż, Kingdom of Poland (d. 1810)
• 1792 Thaddeus Stevens, US Radical Republican congressional leader (Rep-R), born in Danville, Vermont (d. 1868)

• 1809 Benjamin Pierce, American mathematician and astronomer (Peirce's criterion for outliers), born in Salem, Massachusetts (d. 1880)
• 1814 John Blair Smith Todd, American politician and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Lexington, Kentucky (d. 1872)
• 1817 John Wilson Sprague, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in White Creek, New York (d. 1893)
• 1818 Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish-American novelist (The Headless Horseman), born in Ballyroney, County Down, Ireland (d. 1883)
• 1819 Queen Maria II of Portugal, Daughter of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, born in Palace of São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Kingdom of Brazil (d. 1853)
• 1820 Charles Devens Jr, American lawyer, jurist, statesman and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1891)
• 1821 Linus Yale Jr., American portrait painter and inventor (Yale cylinder lock), born in Salisbury, New York (d. 1868)
• 1823 Carl Wilhelm Siemens, German engineer and inventor (laid undersea cables), born in Gehrden, Hanover, Germany (d. 1883)
• 1823 Robert Byington Mitchell, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Mansfield, Ohio (d. 1882)
• 1826 Zénobe Gramme, Belgian electrical engineer (Gramme dynamo), born in Jehay-Bodegnée, Belgium (d. 1901)
• 1828 Margaret Oliphant, Scottish novelist and biographer (Beleaguered City), born in Wallyford, Scotland (d. 1897)
• 1831 Edward Cary Walthall, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Richmond, Virginia (d. 1898)
• 1842 Edouard Lucas, French mathematician (Lucas sequences), born in Amiens, France (d. 1891)
• 1846 Comte de Lautréamont, French writer (Les Chants de Maldoror), born in Montevideo, Uruguay (d. 1870)
• 1846 Raoul Pictet, Swiss physicist who invented liquid nitrogen and was a pioneer of cryogenics, born in Geneva, Switzerland (d. 1929)
• 1853 Tad Lincoln, youngest son of U.S. president Abraham Lincoln, born in Springfield, Illinois (d. 1871)
• 1858 Remy de Gourmont, French poet, born in Bazoches-en-Houlmes, France (d. 1915)
• 1866 George P Baker, American educator and playwright (47 Workshop), born in Providence, Rhode Island (d. 1935)
• 1869 Mary Colter, American architect and designer (Fred Harvey Company, Santa Fe Railroad), born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (d. 1958)
• 1870 George Albert Smith, American religious leader, 8th President of Mormon church, born in Salt Lake City, Utah (d. 1951)
• 1876 Maurice de Vlaminck, Fauvist painter (Village in the Snow), born in Paris, France (d. 1958)
• 1880 Georg von Trapp, Austrian WWI submarine commander and inspiration for "The Sound of Music" character, born in Zara, Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary (d. 1947)
• 1881 Charles Earle Funk, American lexicographer (Funk & Wagnalls) (d. 1957)
• 1884 Isoroku Yamamoto, Marshall Admiral and Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese fleet (WWII), born in Nagaoka, Niigata (d. 1943)
• 1887 William Cumming Rose, American biochemist who discovered threonine (an amino acid), born in Greenville, South Carolina (d. 1985)
• 1888 Zdzisław Żygulski, Sr., Polish literary historian, born in Przemyśl, Poland (d. 1975)
• 1896 Robert Sherwood, American dramatist (Abe Lincoln in Illinois, Idiot's Delight), born in New Rochelle, New York (d. 1955)
• 1896 Tristan Tzara [Samuel Rosenfeld] Romanian-French poet (Approximate Man), born in Moinești, Romania (d. 1963)
• 1902 Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, French poet and author (Lutin Sauvage), born in Verrières-le-Buisson, Essonne, Paris (d. 1969)
• 1902 Stanley G. Weinbaum, American sci-fi author (Martian Odyssey), born in Louisville, Kentucky (d. 1935)
• 1907 Nathan M. Pusey, American educator, 24th president of Harvard University (1953-71), born in Council Bluffs, Iowa (d. 2001)
• 1908 Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, American author (Cheaper by the Dozen), born in NYC, New York (d. 2006)
• 1911 Max Dupain, Australian photographer, born in Ashfield, Australia (d. 1992)
• 1913 Jerome Weidman, American writer (Tenderloin), born in NYC, New York (d. 1998)
• 1913 Jules Léger, Canadian diplomat and Governor General of Canada, born in Saint-Anicet, Quebec (d. 1980)
• 1914 Gustave Camus, Belgian painter, born in Châtelet, Belgium (d. 1984)
• 1914 John Beith, British diplomat, ambasador to Israel and Belgium (d. 2000)
• 1914 Marguerite Duras, French novelist and playwright (Sea Wall), born in Saigon, French IndoChina (d. 1996)
• 1915 Jan Drda, Czech writer (Nema Barikada, Mestecko Na Dlani), born in Příbram, Czech Republic (d. 1970)
• 1915 Lars Ahlin, Swedish writer (My Death is My Own), born in Sundsvall, Sweden (d. 1997)
• 1916 Nikola Ljubičić, President of the Presidency of Serbia (1982-84) and Communist politician, born in Karan, Užice, Kingdom of Serbia (d. 2005)
• 1917 Joseph Ortiz, French-Algerian extremist and rebel (barricade uprising), born in Guyotville, Algeria (d. 1995)
• 1918 George Jellicoe, Earl Jellicoe, British naval commander and member of the House of Lords (1939-2007), born in Hatfield (d. 2007)
• 1920 Éric Rohmer [Maurice Schérer], French director, journalist and teacher (My Night at Maud's, Claire's Knee, Le rayon vert), born in Tulle, Corrèze, France (d. 2010)
• 1921 Willem J "Wim" the Villiers, South African minister of Administration
• 1924 Chris Prater, English screenprinter, born in London (d. 1996)
• 1925 Claude Wagner, French-Canadian politician and judge, born in Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada (d. 1979)
• 1925 Emmett Williams, American poet, born in Greenville, South Carolina (d. 2007)
• 1925 Mother Divine [Edna Rose Ritchings], cult leader of the International Peace Mission Movement, born in Vancouver (d. 2017)
• 1927 Bob Stump, American politician, U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona, born in Phoenix, Arizona (d. 2003)
• 1929 William F. Clinger Jr., American politician, U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, born in Warren, Pennsylvania
• 1931 Denis Frank Owen, British ecologist and natural historian, born in London (d. 1996)
• 1931 Harold Volkmer, American politician, U.S. House of Representatives from Missouri, born in Jefferson City, Missouri (d. 2011)
• 1931 Bobby Ray Inman, American admiral and intelligence director, born in Rhonesboro, Texas
• 1932 Richard Lugar, American politician, U. S. Senator from Indiana, born in Indianapolis, Indiana
• 1933 Frits Bolkestein, Dutch politician (People's Party for Freedom and Democracy), born in Amsterdam
• 1933 Robin Phillips, English multi-millionaire manufacturer (hand-dryer)
• 1935 Lord Ichayra, secretary-general (British Banking Association)
• 1935 Trevor Griffiths, English playwright (Absolute Beginners), born in Manchester
• 1937 Ian St James, novelist (Balfour Conspiracy, Vengeance, Money Stones)
• 1937 Hans van den Doel, Dutch politician and economist (PvdA), born in Zierikzee, Netherlands (d. 2012)
• 1940 Bijan, Iranian mens apparel designer (Bijan), born in Tehran, Iran (d. 2011)
• 1940 Vladimir Timofeyevich Isakov, Russian cosmonaut, born in Zilair, Russia
• 1942 Kitty Kelley, American journalist and author (Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra), born in Spokane, Washington
• 1943 Ian Robertson, British museum director (National Army Museum)
• 1944 Magda Aelvoet, Belgian politician (Greens), born in Steenokkerzeel, Belgium
• 1946 Katsuaki Sato, Japanese martial artist, founder and director of Satojuku Karate, born in Sakhalin, Japan
• 1947 Wiranto, Indonesian army general (Commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces), born in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
• 1948 Berry Oakley, American rocker and bass player (Allman Brothers Band), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1972)
• 1948 Dan Simmons, American sci-fi and horror writer (Song of Kali), born in Peoria, Illinois
• 1949 Shing-Tung Yau, Hong Kong-born American mathematician, born in Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
• 1951 Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia, born in Kampong Cham, Cambodia
• 1953 Robert Bertrand, Canadian politician (Liberal Party of Canada), born in Fort-Coulonge, Quebec, Canada
• 1956 Lamen Khalifa Fhimah, Suk Giuma Libya, bomber (Pan Am Flight 103)
• 1970 Mix Master Mike [Michael Schwartz], American turntablist, born in San Francisco, California
• 1973 David Blaine, American magician and illusionist, born in Brooklyn, New York
• 1975 Delphine Arnault, French businesswoman (Louis Vuitton), born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
• 1975 Thobias Fredriksson, Swedish cross-country skier, born in Dals Rostock, Sweden
• 1978 Sam Moran, Australian entertainer (The Wiggles), born in Sydney, Australia
• 2012 Grumpy Cat [Tardar Sauce], American cat internet celebrity, born in Morristown, Arizona (d. 2019)

Weddings in History

Divorces in History

Deaths in History

• 397 Saint Ambrose, Governor of Liguria and Bishop of Milan (374-97), dies at about 57
• 636 Saint Isidore of Seville, Church Father and the proposed patron of the Internet (b. cira 560)
• 896 Formosus, Pope (891-96), dies
• 1229 Hugo van Pierrepont, bishop of Liege, dies
• 1284 Alfonso X, "El Sabio" King of Castile/Leon (1252-84), dies at 62
• 1292 Nicholas IV, [Girolamo Masci], Pope (1288-92), dies
• 1305 Jeanne of Navarre, wife of Philip IV of France (b. circa 1217)
• 1393 Floris van Wevelinkhoven, bishop of Utrecht, dies
• 1406 Robert III, King of Scots (1390-1406), dies, succeeded by 12 year old son James I
• 1417 John van Touraine, 1st husband of Jacoba of Bavaria, dies
• 1536 Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1486-1536), dies at 75
• 1585 Caspar de Robles, Spanish viceroy of Frisia, dies at about 57
• 1588 Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway (1559-88), dies at 53
• 1604 Thomas Churchyard, poet/pamphleteer, dies
• 1609 Charles de L'Ecluse, Flemish botanist (b. 1526)

• 1643 Simon Episcopius, [Bisschop], Dutch theologist, dies at 60
• 1661 Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, Scottish soldier (b. circa 1580)
• 1662 Leonhart Kern, German sculptor, dies at about 73
• 1664 Adam Willaerts, Dutch seascape painter, dies
• 1701 Joseph Haines, entertainer and author
• 1714 Karel, duke of Berry/French heir to the throne, dies
• 1734 Johann C van Erckel, old Catholic theologist, dies at about 79
• 1743 Daniel Neal, English historian, dies at 64
• 1761 Theodore Gardelle, Swiss painter and enameler (b. 1722)
• 1766 John Taylor, English classical scholar (b. 1704)
• 1774 Oliver Goldsmith, Irish novelist and dramatist (She Stoops to Conquer), dies at 45
• 1784 Mary Mead, wife of English radical and journalist John Wilkes (b. 1715)
• 1792 James Sykes, American politician (b. 1725)
• 1807 Joseph Jerome Le Francais de Lalande, French astronomer, dies
• 1817 André Masséna, Duke of Rivoli, Prince d'Essing and Marshal of France (b. 1758)

• 1844 Charles Bulfinch, 1st US pro architect (Mass State House), dies at 80
• 1846 Solomon Sibley, American senator from Michigan Territory (b. 1769)

• 1861 John McLean, American Supreme Court Justice (1829-61) and Postmaster General, dies at 76
• 1862 Harmen S Sytstra, Dutch poet/editor (Iduna), dies at 45
• 1863 Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver, dies at 73
• 1864 Joseph Pitty Couthouy, American naval officer (b. 1808)
• 1870 Heinrich Gustav Magnus, German chemist and physicist (b. 1802)
• 1874 Charles Ernest Beulé, French archaeologist and politician (b. 1826)
• 1878 Richard Brewer, American gunslinger/cowboy (b. 1850)
• 1879 Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, Prussian physicist and meteorologist, dies at 75
• 1883 Peter Cooper, American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (Cooper Union, steam locomotive), dies at 92
• 1884 Marie Bashkirtseff, Russian artist and diarist (b. 1860)
• 1889 Thomas T H Jorissen, historian, dies at 56
• 1890 Pierre-Joseph-Olivier Chauveau, French Canadian politician (1st Premier of Quebec), dies at 69
• 1890 Edmond Hébert, French geologist, dies at 77
• 1893 Alphonse LPP de Candolle, Swiss botanist, dies at 86
• 1900 Edward VII, King, assassinated
• 1905 Constantin Meunier, Belgian painter and sculptor, dies at 73
• 1919 William Crookes, English chemist and physicist (Crookes-pipe, thallium), dies at 86
• 1923 L Martov, [Joulij O Tsederbaum], Russ revolutionary, dies at 49
• 1923 John Venn, English mathematician (Venn Diagram), dies at 88

• 1930 Vladimir Majakovski, Russian poet, dies

• 1932 Ottokar Czernin, Austro-Hungarian diplomat (Imperial Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary) and politician, dies at 59
• 1932 Wilhelm Ostwald, physical chemist (Nobel 1909), dies
• 1937 Frantisek X Salda, Czech writer/critic, dies at 69
• 1941 Max Frisch, writer, dies at 29
• 1943 Oskar Schlemmer, German painter, sculptor and choreographer (Triadisches Ballett), dies at 54
• 1944 John Peale Bishop, American poet (Undertaker's Garland), dies at 51
• 1947 William O'Donnell, Irish politician (b. ?)
• 1951 George Albert Smith, President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS or Mormon Church) (b. 1870)
• 1953 Carol II, King of Romania (1930-40), dies at 59
• 1953 Rachilde, [Marguerite Vallette-Eymery], French author, dies at 93
• 1957 E. Herbert Norman, Canadian diplomat (b. 1909)
• 1958 Hendrik Heyman, Belgian minister of Nijverheid/mayor, dies at 78
• 1961 Simion Stoilow, Romanian mathematician (b. 1873)
• 1962 James Hanratty, executed at Bedford Prison, England, for the murder of Michael Gregsten (b. 1936)

• 1970 Victor Otto Stomps, German writer and publisher, dies at 72
• 1972 Adam Clayton Powell Jr, American politician (Rep-D-NY), dies at 63
• 1972 John A H J S Bruins Slot, co-founder/editor in chief (illegal), dies
• 1976 Harry Nyquist, Swedish contributor to information theory (b. 1889)
• 1979 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistani president, hanged in Pakistan at 51
• 1984 Oleg Antonov, Soviet airplane engineer (b. 1906)
• 1985 Kate Roberts, Welsh nationalist and writer (b. 1891)
• 1986 Frank Mortelmans, Belgian painter, dies at 87
• 1987 C. L. Moore, American science fiction and fantasy writer (Judgment Night), dies at 76
• 1991 John Heinz, American businessman and Republican politician (Senator from Pennsylvania, 1977-1991), dies in a plane crash at 52
• 1991 Max Frisch, Swiss architect/writer (Stiller, Biedermann), dies at 79
• 1992 Karl Tunberg, US scriptwriter (Ben Hur), dies
• 1993 Alfred Mosher Butts, American architect and game inventor (Scrabble), dies at 93
• 1994 Olga Lowina, Dutch yodeler (Edelweisskapel), dies at 69
• 1995 Jo Sinclair [Ruth Seid], American writer (Wasteland), dies at 81
• 1996 Frederick Denison Maurice Hocking, pathologist, dies at 97
• 1996 Seamas NacNeill, Classical physicist and piper, dies at 79
• 1997 Vladimir Solouchin, Russian writer, dies at 72
• 2001 Ed "Big Daddy" Roth, American custom car designer (b. 1932)
• 2004 Casey Sheehan, American soldier, son of Cindy Sheehan (b. 1979)
• 2005 Edward Bronfman, Canadian businessman (b. 1924)
• 2010 Clifford M. Hardin, American politician (17th U.S. Secretary of Agriculture), dies at 94
• 2013 Carmine Infantino, American comic book artist, dies at 87
• 2015 John Read, British businessman, CEO (TSB Group), dies at 97

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