Events in History
Event of Interest
1745 Jacobite Rising 1745: Bonnie Prince Charlie reaches Blair Castle, Scotland
Bonnie Prince Charlie
Event of Interest
1837 Ralph Waldo Emerson gives his famous "The American Scholar" speech to Phi Beta Kappa Society at Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, declares American literary independence from Europe
Ralph Waldo Emerson
- 1842 Micah Rugg patents a nuts & bolts machine
- 1842 US Naval Observatory authorized by an act of Congress
- 1843 Liberty Party nominates James Birneyas presidential candidate
- 1850 California pioneers organized at Montgomery & Clay Streets
- 1864 Atlanta Campaign: Battle of Jonesboro Georgia, 1900 casualties
- 1876 Ottoman sultan Murat V is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abd-ul-Hamid II.
- 1886 1st major earthquake recorded in eastern US, at Charleston, South Carolina, 110 die
Event of Interest
1886 Crocker-Woolworth National Bank organized
Charles Crocker
Murder of Interest
1888 The body of Jack the Ripper's first victim, Mary Ann Nichols, is found in Whitechapel in London's East End
Mary Ann Nichols
- 1894 The Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act passed by Richard Seddon’s Liberal government, making New Zealand the first country in the world to outlaw strikes in favour of compulsory arbitration
- 1895 1st pro football game (QB John Brallier paid $10 & won 12-0)
- 1896 Louis Napoleon Parker's "Rosemary" premieres in NYC
Event of Interest
1897 British General Kitchener's army occupies Berber, North of Khartoum
Horatio Kitchener
Event of Interest
1910 Theodore Roosevelt makes a speech in Kansas advocating a 'square deal': property shall be 'the servant and not the master of the commonwealth'
Theodore Roosevelt
- 1911 The "Sullivan Act" requiring New Yorkers to possess licences for firearms small enough to be concealed comes into effect
- 1911 Anthony Fokker's demonstrates aircraft "Snip"
- 1913 Massive protest rally on Sackville Street attacked by the Dublin Metropolitan Police; two strikers killed by the police
- 1914 24.8 cm rainfall at Bloomingdale, Michigan (state record)
- 1914 General von Kluck decides not to attack Paris
- 1914 German troops reconquer Soldau/Neidenburg East-Prussia
- 1914 Ecuador becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
- 1915 Brazil becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
Election of Interest
1917 In China, Sun Yat-sen and his supporters' 'rump' parliament establishes a military government and elects Sun Yat-sen as commander-in-Chief
Sun Yat-sen
- 1919 John Reed forms American Communist Labor Party in Chicago
- 1919 Petlyura's Ukrainian Army kills 35 members of a Jewish defense group
- 1919 Ukrainian (Petlyura) Army recaptures Kiev
- 1920 Belgium starts paying old age pensions
- 1920 Detroit radio station 8MK (now WWJ, 950AM) is 1st to broadcast a news program on the air
- 1923 League of Nations gives Belgium mandate of Ruanda-Urundi (was German)
- 1923 Italian troops occupy Corfu
Event of Interest
1923 Mussolini orders the Greek Government to apologize for the deaths of an Italian general and his staff on the Greco-Albanian border
Benito Mussolini
Event of Interest
1925 Anthropologist Margaret Mead first arrives in Samoa
Margaret Mead
Event of Interest
1929 Committee chaired by Owen D. Young finalizes the "Young Plan" to reduce German reparations from World War I to 112 billion Gold Marks ($US8 billion) paid over 59 years
Owen D. Young
- 1935 1st national skeet championship (Indianapolis)
Franklin D. Roosevelt
- 1935 Russian Aleksei Stachanov digs 105 tons of cabbages in 6 hours
- 1937 Det's rookie Rudy York sets record for HRs of 18 HRs in August
- 1939 Japanese invasion army driven out of Mongolia
- 1939 Staged "Polish" assault on radio station in Gleiwitz
- 1940 1st edition of illegal opposition newspaper Free Netherlands
- 1940 RAF Fighter Command loses 39 aircraft against Luftwaffe's 41
- 1940 German occupiers in Netherlands begin soap rationing
- 1940 US National Guard assembles
- 1942 Battle at Alam Halfa: German & Italians assault
- 1942 U-boats sink and damage 131 allied ships this month (639,946 tons)
- 1943 1st battle of Essex/new Yorktown: US assault on Marcus Island
- 1943 Japanese occupiers intern Jewish Congregation of Sorabajo
- 1944 Allied offensive at "Gothen-linie" Italy
- 1944 French provisional government moves from Algiers to Paris
- 1944 French troops liberate Bordeaux
- 1944 Soviet & Romanian troops march into Bucharest
Event of Interest
1945 The Liberal Party of Australia is founded by Robert Menzies
Robert Menzies
- 1947 Hungarian communist party wins election
Event of Interest
1948 Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands celebrates golden jubilee
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
Event of Interest
1957 Federation of Malaya gains independence from Great Britain
Tunku Abdul Rahman
- 1960 Agricultural Hall of Fame forms
- 1961 Amsterdam National Ballet forms
- 1962 Trinidad & Tobago gain independence from Britain (National Day)
- 1964 Ground is broken for Anaheim Stadium, future home of Angels
- 1965 US Congress establishes Department of Housing & Urban Development
- 1965 The Aero Spacelines Super Guppy Aircraft makes its first flight.
- 1968 12,000 die in 7.8 quake destroys 60,000 buildings in NE Iran
- 1968 Roy Face ties W Johnson's record of 802 pitching appearances with club
- 1968 Verne Gagne beats Dick Beyers (Dr X) in Minn, to become NWA champ
- 1970 Lonnie McLucas, a Black Panther activist, convicted
- 1970 Molukkers occupy Indonesian ambassador's home in Wassenaar
- 1971 An inquiry into allegations of brutality by the security forces against those interned without trial in Northern Ireland is announced
- 1973 PBA National Championship Won by Earl Anthony
- 1974 Pirate Radio Veronica moves into Scheveningen harbor
- 1976 Mexican peso devalued
- 1976 Trinidad & Tobago adopts constitution
- 1977 Aleksandr Fedotov sets aircraft alt rec of 38.26 km (125,524')
- 1977 Spyros Kyprianou appointed president of Cyprus
- 1977 Ian Smith, espousing racial segregation, wins Rhodesian general election with 80% of overwhelmingly white electorate's vote
- 1978 Constitution adopted by Sri Lanka
- 1978 Emily & William Harris plead guilty to 1974 kidnapping of Patty Hearst
- 1978 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1979 Comet Howard-Koomur-Michels collides with Sun
- 1979 Donald McHenry named to succeed Andrew Young as US UN ambassador
- 1980 Poland's Solidarity trade union federations forms and is officially recognised by the Polish government
- 1980 The Gdańsk Agreement is signed, allowing Polish citizens to bring democratic changes within the communist political structure
- 1982 USSR performs underground nuclear test
Birthdays in History
Caligula
12 Caligula [Gaius Caesar], 3rd Roman Emperor (37-41 AD), born in Anzio, Italy (d. 41)
Caligula
Commodus
161 Commodus, Roman Emperor (180-192 AD), born in Lanuvium, Italy (d. 192)
Commodus
- 1569 Jahangir, 4th Mughal Emperor of India (1605-27), born in Fatehpur Sikri, Mughal Empire (d. 1627)
- 1602 Amalia, countess of Solms-Braunfels, wife of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
- 1663 Guillaume Amontons, French physicist, born in Paris (d. 1705)
- 1721 George Hervey, 2nd Earl of Bristol, British statesman (d. 1775)
- 1741 Husein Gradaščević, Bosniak general, born in Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina (d. 1834)
- 1749 Alexander Radishchev, Russian writer (Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow), born in Moscow (1802)
- 1811 Théophile Gautier, French writer, historian and poet (Albertus, La Chanson de Roland, Émaux et camées), born in Tarbes, France (d. 1872)
- 1811 Goode Bryan, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), born in Hancock County, Georgia (d. 1885)
- 1821 Hermann von Helmholtz, German physician and physicist, born in Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1894)
- 1822 Fitz John Porter, American Major General (Union Army), born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire (d. 1901)
- 1823 Galusha Aaron Grow, American politician, born in Ashford, Connecticut (d. 1907)
- 1828 George Leonard Andrews, American professor, civil engineer, and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Bridgewater, Massachusetts (d. 1899)
- 1843 Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (1917-18), born in Darmstadt, Germany (d. 1919)
- 1847 Arthur Verhaegen, Belgian architect and worker's union leader, born in Brussels (d. 1917)
- 1852 Joris Helleputte, Belgian Catholic minister, born in Ghent, Belgium (d. 1925)
Maria Montessori
1870 Maria Montessori, Italian educator (spontaneous response), born in Chiaravalle, Marche, Italy (d. 1952)
Maria Montessori
- 1871 James E. Ferguson, American Democratic politician and Texan Governor (1915-17), born in Salado, Texas (d. 1944)
- 1874 Edward Thorndike, American psychologist (father of modern educational psychology), born in Williamsburg, Massachusetts (d. 1949)
- 1879 Yoshihito [Taishō], 123rd Emperor of Japan (1912-26), born in Akasaka Palace, Tokyo City, Japan (d. 1926)
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
1880 Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Queen of the Netherlands (1890-1948), born in Noordeinde Palace, The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1962)
Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
- 1884 George Al Sarton, Belgian-American chemist and historian, born in Ghent, Belgium (d. 1956)
- 1885 DuBose Heyward, American novelist (Porgy, Star Spangled Virgin), born in Charleston, South Carolina (d. 1940)
- 1887 Friedrich A Paneth, Austrian-British chemist, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1958)
- 1888 Ramon de Basterra, Spanish writer and diplomat (La Obra de Trajano), born in Bilbao, Spain (d. 1928)
- 1894 Albert Facey, Australian writer (A Fortunate Life), born in Maidstone, Victoria, Australia (d. 1982)
- 1896 Félix-Antoine Savard, French-Canadian priest and novelist, born in Quebec, Canada (d. 1982)
- 1897 Marianne Bruns, German writer, born in Leipzig, Germany (d. 1994)
- 1899 Paul E Garber, American founder/1st curator of National Air & Space Museum, born in Atlantic City, New Jersey (d. 1992)
- 1900 Gino Lucetti, Italian anarchist, born in Carrara, Italy (d. 1943)
- 1903 Vladimir Jankélévitch, French philosopher, born in Bourges, France (d. 1985)
- 1905 Sal Tas, Dutch journalist & CIA agent (Het Parool) [or 1897]
- 1906 Vivienne Byerley, publicist
- 1907 Augustus F. Hawkins, American politician (Rep-D-CA, 1963-75), born in Shreveport, Louisiana (d. 2007)
Ramon Magsaysay
1907 Ramon Magsaysay, 7th President of the Philippines (US Legion of Merit-1952), born in Iba, Zambales, Philippines (d. 1957)
Ramon Magsaysay
- 1907 William Shawn, American magazine editor (New Yorker, 1952-87), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1992)
- 1907 Altiero Spinelli, Italian citizen and advocate of European federalism, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1986)
- 1908 William Saroyan, American novelist and playwright (Time of Your Life), born in Fresno, California (d. 1981)
- 1909 Marie-Louise Grog-Carven, French fashion designer (Ma Griffe perfume), born in Châtellerault, Poitou-Charentes (d. 2015)
- 1911 Hilde Jarecki, educationist
- 1913 Michiel P Gorsira, 1st Dutch Antillean in charge of Curacao (1951-67)
- 1913 Sir Bernard Lovell, English radio astronomer, founded Jodrell Bank Observatory, born in Oldland Common, Bristol (d. 2012)
- 1919 Amrita Preetam, Indian poet and author, born in Gujranwala, Pakistan (d. 2005)
- 1921 Raymond Williams, Welsh academic and novelist (Second Generation), born in Llanfihangel Crucorney, Wales (d. 1988)
- 1926 Georgiy Petrovich Katys, Russian cosmonaut (Voskhod 1 backup)
- 1926 Jan de Koning, minister of Agriculture/Social Businesses (CDA)
- 1928 Jeremy Stephen Maas, writer/art dealer
- 1929 Julio Ramon Ribeyro, writer
- 1930 Owen B Pickett, American politician (Rep-D-Virginia 1987-2001), born in Richmond, Virginia (d. 2010)
- 1932 Benito Wogatzki, writer
- 1932 Robert [Franklin] Adams, American sci-fi author (Castaways in Time)
- 1935 Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther turned Republican
- 1936 Marva Nettles Collins, educator (west side preparatory school)
- 1938 Martin Bell, British journalist
- 1941 William DeWitt, Jr., American businessman
- 1942 Eugenio Trias, philosopher, born in Barcelona, Spain (d. 2013)
- 1943 Leonid Ivashov, Russian general
- 1945 Leonid Ivanovich Popov, USSR, cosmonaut (Soyuz 35/37, 40, T-7)
- 1946 Jerome Corsi, American writer and conspiracy theorist, born in East Cleveland, Ohio
- 1947 Luca di Montezemolo, Italian businessman
- 1947 Yumiko Ōshima, Japanese manga artist
- 1952 Herbert Reul, German politician
- 1953 Marcia Clark [Kleks], LA DA (O.J. Simpson Case), born in Berkeley, California
- 1953 György Károly, Hungarian author
- 1954 Tula [Barry Kenneth Cossey], England, transsexual (For Your Eyes Only)
Tsai Ing-wen
1956 Tsai Ing-wen, Taiwanese politician, academic and 7th President of the Republic of China (Democratic Progressive Party: 2016-), born in Taipei, Taiwan
Tsai Ing-wen
- 1956 Masashi Tashiro, Japanese television performer
- 1958 David H Mattheisen, Blue Island Ill, PhD/astronaut (STS 73 alt)
- 1960 Hassan Nasrallah, leader of the Lebanese terrorist group Hizbollah, born in Bourj Hammoud, Lebanon
- 1964 Raymond P. Hammond, American poet and editor
- 1966 Jan Einar Thorsen, Norwegian Alpine skier
- 1969 Andrew Phillip Cunanan, serial killer (Gianni Versache)
- 1970 Queen Rania Al-Abdullah of Jordan, born in Kuwait City
- 1980 Laura Mulleavy, American fashion designer (Rodarte), born in California
- 1982 G. Willow Wilson, American journalist and comic book writer
- 1984 Matti Breschel, Danish road cyclist
- 1984 Ted Ligety, American alpine skier
Mohammed bin Salman
1985 Mohammed bin Salman, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia (2017-) and Saudi Defense Minister (2015-), born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed bin Salman
Weddings in History
- 2013 "Blue Crush" actress Kate Bosworth (30) weds director Michael Polish (42) in Philipsburg, Montana
Deaths in History
- 651 Saint Aidan of Lindisfarne, Irish bishop and missionary
- 1056 Theodora, Byzantine Empress (b. 981)
- 1057 Leofric, count of Mercia/husband of Lady Godiva, dies
- 1158 Sancho III, King of Castile, dies
- 1218 Al-Malik ab-Adil/Saphadin/Saif al-Din), brother of Saladin, dies
- 1234 Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan (b. 1212)
- 1372 Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, English soldier, dies at 70
- 1422 Henry V, King of England (1413-22) and France (1416-19), dies at 36
- 1590 Floris Thin, politician/land advocate of Utrecht, dies
- 1645 Francesco Bracciolini, Italian poet (b. 1566)
- 1654 Ole Worm, Danish physician, dies at 66
John Bunyan
1688 John Bunyan, English minister and author (The Pilgrim's Progress), dies at 59
John Bunyan
Arthur Phillip
1814 Arthur Phillip, British admiral, 1st Governor of New South Wales (1788-92), dies at 75
Arthur Phillip
- 1818 Arthur St. Clair, American soldier and politician (President of the Continental Congress, 1787), dies at 81
- 1862 George William Taylor, US Union brigadier general, dies in battle
- 1864 Ferdinand Lassalle, French socialist and political activist (Allgemeiner), dies at 39
- 1867 Charles-Pierre Baudelaire, French poet and translator (Les Fleurs du mal), dies at 46
- 1869 Mary Ward, Irish scientist, first automobile accident victim (b. 1827)
- 1873 Charles Ferdinand Pahud, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies (1856-61), dies at 70
- 1875 Oskar Peschel, German geographer (Physicist Erdkunde), dies at 49
- 1879 William Barber, 6th US chief engraver (1844-79), dies
Mary Ann Nichols
1888 Mary Ann Nichols, a 42-year-old prostitute found stabbed to death in London, 1st of at least five murders by Jack the Ripper
Mary Ann Nichols
- 1902 Mathilde Wesendonk, German author/poetess, dies at 73
- 1918 Joe English, Irish/Flemish signaler (WWI), dies at 36
- 1920 Wilhelm Wundt, German physiologist, psychologist and philosopher, dies at 88
- 1923 Gerrit Kalff, Dutch professor (history of Dutch writers), dies at 67
- 1931 Marcel Planiol, French private law scholar, dies
- 1934 Jan Schaper, Dutch publicist and politician (SDAP), dies
- 1935 Abraham Isaac Kook, rabbi/author (Hokhmat Ha-kodesh), dies
- 1940 George Gauthier, French-Canadian Roman Catholic Bishop of Montreal and rector of the Université de Montréal, dies at 68
- 1941 Marian Zwetajewa, writer, dies
- 1941 Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (The Train of Life), committed suicide at 48
- 1942 Von Bismarck, German major general, (Africa Corps), dies in battle
- 1946 Harley Granville-Barker, English dramatist, producer (The Voysey Inheritance) and critic, dies at 68
- 1948 Andrei A Zjdanov, Rus politician (against kosmopolitism), dies at 52
- 1949 Andre Debierne, French chemist/physicist (actinium), dies
- 1952 Henri Bourassa, French Canadian political leader (b. 1868)
- 1963 Georges Braque, French cubist painter and sculptor (My bicycle) who helped develop Cubism with Pablo Picasso, dies at 81
- 1966 Kasimir Edschmid, German writer, dies at 75
- 1967 Ilja G Ehrenburg, Russian poet/writer (9th wave), dies at 76
- 1968 George P Gooch, English historian/House of Commons leader, dies
- 1974 William Pershing Benedict, American pilot
- 1974 Norman Kirk, New Zealand prime minister (b. 1923
- 1976 Kornelis H Miskotte, theologist (If the Gods Keep Silent), dies at 81
- 1978 John Wrathall, President of Rhodesia (b. 1913)
- 1981 Joseph H Hirschhorn, US art collector/founder H Museum, dies at 82
- 1985 Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian virologist (Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for tissue grafting), dies at 85
- 1986 Henry Moore, English artist and sculptor (known for Three Piece Sculpture: Vertebrae), dies at 88
- 1986 Urho Kekkonen, 8th President of Finland (1956-81), dies at 85
- 1986 Goffredo Parise, Italian writer (Il padrone), dies at 56
- 1991 Leigh Watson, US aviation pioneer/air force general, dies at 93
- 1994 Barbara Avedon, American scriptwriter (Bewitched), dies at 69
- 1995 Beant Singh, Prime Minister of Punjab province of India, assassinated at 73
- 1995 David Richard Holloway, literary Editor, dies at 71
- 1995 Hajime Miterai, industrialist, dies at 56
- 1995 Horst Janssen, German graphic artist and printmaker, dies at 65
- 1995 John Erik Jonsson, American businessman and Mayor of Dallas, dies at 93
- 1996 David Scott, British priest, Chaplain to the Queen, dies at 72
- 1996 Harald Penrose, British test pilot, dies at 92
- 1996 David Pollock, Viscount Hanworth, British barrister, dies at 80
Diana Spencer
1997 Diana Spencer, Princess of Wales, dies in car crash in Paris at 36
Diana Spencer
- 1997 Dodi Fayed, Egyptian businessman, died in a car crash in Paris with Princess Diana at 42
- 2002 George Porter, British chemist (Nobel Prize, 1967), dies at 81
- 2005 Joseph Rotblat, Polish-British physicist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1908)
- 2006 Derrick Wayne Frazier, American convicted murderer (b. 1977)
- 2008 Ike Pappas, American news correspondent (b. 1933)
- 2009 Eraño Manalo, Filipino religious figure (b. 1925)
- 2011 Valery Rozhdestvensky, Soviet cosmonaut (Soyuz 23), dies at 72
- 2011 Peter Twiss, British test pilot (breaking the World Air Speed Record and being the first person to exceed 1,000 mph in flight), dies at 90
- 2012 Sergey Sokolov, Soviet marshal and Minister of Defence of the Soviet Union (1984-87), dies at 101
- 2015 Colin Hope, British Industrialist (Turner and Newall), dies at 83
- 2017 Edward du Cann, British politician and Chairman of the Conservative Party (1965-67), dies at 93
- 2020 Pranab Mukherjee, Indian politician, 13th President of India (2012-17), dies at 84