Events in History
- 1287 King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca.
- 1377 Pope Gregory XI moves the Papacy back to Rome from Avignon
- 1501 Cesare Borgia returns in triumph to Rome from Romagna
Voyage of Discovery
1524 Beginning of Giovanni da Verrazzano's voyage to find a passage to China
Giovanni da Verrazzano
Gregory Conquers Julius Caesar
1584 Bohemia adopts Gregorian calendar
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Declaration of War
1595 King Henry IV of France declares war on Spain
- 1601 France gains Bresse, Bugey, Valromey & Gex in treaty with Spain
- 1656 Brandenburg & Sweden sign Treaty of Königsberg
- 1718 Avalanche destroys every building in Leukerbad, Switzerland; kills 53
- 1746 Battle of Falkirk Muir, the Jacobites under Charles Stuart defeat Hanoverian forces
- 1757 German Diet declares war on Prussia
Historic Discovery
1773 Captain James Cook becomes 1st to cross Antarctic Circle (66° 33' S)
James Cook
- 1775 9 old women burnt as witches for causing bad harvests in Kalisk, Poland
- 1775 Richard Brinsley Sheridan's play "The Rivals" premieres in London
- 1779 Captain James Cook's last notation in Discovery's ship's log
- 1799 Maltese patriot Dun Mikiel Xerri, along with a number of other patriots, is executed
New Settlement
1821 Mexico permits Moses Austin and 300 US families to settle in Texas, after his death leaves to son Stephen
Stephen F. Austin
- 1827 Duke of Wellington appointed British supreme commander
- 1832 Johannes van den Bosch appointed governor general of Dutch East Indies
- 1852 British recognize independence of Transvaal (in South Africa)
- 1862 -Jan 22nd) BBT Ft Henry, Tennessee by USS Lexington
- 1863 Civil War skirmish near Newtown, Virginia
Battle of Interest
1864 General James Longstreet's command ends heavy fighting at Dandridgem, Tennessee
James Longstreet
- 1871 1st cable car patented, by Andrew Smith Hallidie in the US (begins service in 1873)
- 1873 A group of Modoc warriors defeats the United States Army in the First Battle of the Stronghold, a part of the Modoc War
- 1874 Armed Democrats seize Texas government ending Radical Reconstruction
- 1882 1st Dutch female physician Aletta Jacobs opens her office
- 1885 British beat Mahdists at Battle of Abu Klea in Sudan
- 1893 -17°F (-27°C), Millsboro, Delaware (state record)
- 1893 Queen Liliuokalani is deposed by an American coup, Kingdom of Hawaii becomes a republic
- 1893 Franco-Russian Alliance is signed
- 1895 French president Casimir-Perier resigns; Félix Faure installed.
- 1899 US takes possession of Wake Island in the Pacific
Theater Premiere
1904 Anton Chekhov's play "Cherry Orchard" opens at Moscow Art Theater
Anton Chekhov
Historic Expedition
1912 Captain Robert Scott's expedition arrives at the South Pole, one month after Roald Amundsen
Robert Falcon Scott
Roald Amundsen
- 1913 Raymond Poincaré elected president of France
Theater Premiere
1914 Gerhart Hauptmann's play "Der Bogen des Odysseus" premieres in Berlin
Gerhart Hauptmann
Victory in Battle
1915 Battle of Sarikamish ends with a Russian victory over Ottoman forces led by Enver Pasha with loss of over 30,000 men of the Turkish Third Army during Caucasus Campaign
Enver Pasha
- 1917 US pays Denmark $25 million for Virgin Islands (or 3/21)
- 1920 Paul Deschanel elected President of France
- 1920 First day of prohibition of alcohol comes into effect in the US as a result of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution
- 1923 Belgian Working people Party protest against occupied Ruhrgebied
- 1923 Origin of Brown lunation numbers
- 1928 1st fully automatic photographic film developing machine patented
- 1929 Popeye makes 1st appearance, in comic strip "Thimble Theater"
- 1934 Electric Home & Farm Authority incorporated
- 1938 Supreme Soviet elects Michail Kalinin as presidium chairman
Event of Interest
1938 Joseph P. Kennedy becomes the 44th United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
Joseph P. Kennedy
Event of Interest
1941 Chiang Kai-shek disbands the Communist New Fourth Army after the New Fourth Army incident at Maolin, Anhui Province between the nationalist and communist armies leaves many dead
Chiang Kai-shek
- 1943 Tin Can Drive Day in the US, salvage collected for the war effort
- 1944 British corvette HMS Violet sinks U-641 in Atlantic Ocean
- 1945 Auschwitz concentration camp begins evacuation
- 1945 Gilbert Dodds, record miler (4:05.3), retires to do gospel work
- 1945 Soviet army enters the devastated city of Warsaw and clears German resistance
- 1945 Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, credited with saving tens of thousands of Jews from the Nazis, arrested by Soviet secret police in Hungary
- 1946 United Nations Security Council holds its 1st meeting
- 1947 Ammunition factory explodes in Muiden, Netherlands, 16 die
- 1948 Netherlands & Indonesia agree to a cease-fire
- 1948 Trial of 11 US Communist party members begins in NYC
- 1950 The Great Brinks Robbery - 11 men rob $1.2M cash & $1.5M securities from armored car company Brink's offices in Boston, Massachusetts
- 1951 China refuses ceases-fire in Korea
- 1955 US Submarine Nautilus begins 1st nuclear-powered test voyage
- 1957 9-county commission recommends creation of BART
Assassination
1961 Eisenhower allegedly orders assassination of Congo's Patrice Lumumba
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 1961 President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised farewell address to the nation three days before leaving office, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by the "military-industrial complex".
Event of Interest
1962 NASA civilian pilot Neil Armstrong takes X-15 to 40,690m
Neil Armstrong
Event of Interest
1966 Martin Luther King Jr. opens campaign in Chicago
Martin Luther King Jr.
- 1969 Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 5 lands
- 1970 John M Burgess installed as bishop of Protestant Episcopals (Mass)
- 1971 At a party conference in Dublin, Sinn Féin end their 65 year abstentionist policy and agree that any elected representative could take their seat at the Dáil
- 1972 Section of Memphis' Highway 51 South renamed Elvis Presley Boulevard
- 1972 Seven men who were held as internees escape from the prison ship HMS Maidstone in Belfast Lough, North Ireland
- 1973 City of Amsterdam decides to support Hanoi
- 1973 New Philippine constitution names Marcos president for life
- 1976 Hermes rocket launched by European Space Agency
- 1976 Blondie release their debut single "X Offender" written by Debbie Harry and Gary Valentine
- 1977 KC releases Tommy Davis, ends an 18-year career with 10 teams
- 1977 Zaire president Mobutu visits Belgium
- 1977 Gary Gilmore is executed by firing squad in the Utah state prison, convicted of murder
- 1979 USSR performs underground nuclear test
- 1980 NASA launches Fltsatcom-3
- 1980 A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb prematurely detonates on a passenger train near Belfast, killing three and injuring five (including the bombers)
Event of Interest
1981 President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos ends martial law
Ferdinand Marcos
- 1982 "Cold Sunday" in the United States would see temperatures fall to their lowest levels in over 100 years in numerous cities
Event of Interest
1983 Alabama Governor George Wallace, becomes governor for a record 4th time
George Wallace
Event of Interest
1987 US President Reagan signs secret order permitting covert sale of arms to Iran
Ronald Reagan
Birthdays in History
- 1342 Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1363-1404), born in Pontoise, France (d. 1404)
- 1463 Frederick III [Frederick the Wise], Elector of Saxony (1486-25) who protected his subject Martin Luther, born in Torgau, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1525)
- 1484 George Spalatin, German humanist, reformer and important figure in the Reformation, born in Spalt, Bavaria (d. 1545)
- 1501 Leonhard Fuchs, German physician and botanist (Notable Commentaries on the History of Plants) for which the flowering plants and color Fuchsia is named after, born in Wemding, Bavaria (d. 1566)
- 1504 Pius V [Antonio Ghislieri], Italian Pope (1566-72) who excommunicated Elizabeth I of England and arranged the formation of the Holy League (Battle of Lepanto), born in Bosco, Duchy of Milan (d. 1572)
- 1560 Gaspard Bauhin, Swiss botanist (d. 1624)
- 1600 Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish dramatist, poet and writer of the Spanish Golden Age, born in Madrid (d. 1681)
- 1612 Thomas Fairfax, Lord Fairfax, English Parliamentary general
- 1657 Pieter van Bloemen, [Standaart], Flemish painter, baptized
- 1683 Gerard van Loon, Dutch historian
- 1686 Archibald Bower, Scottish historian (d. 1766)
Benjamin Franklin
1706 Benjamin Franklin, US Founding Father, inventor, ambassador and writer (Poor Richards Almanac), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1790)
Benjamin Franklin
- 1719 William Vernon, American merchant (d. 1806)
- 1726 Hugh Mercer, Scottish military officer (fought in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War), born in Rosehearty, Scotland (d. 1777)
- 1732 Stanislaw II August Poniatowski, last king of Poland (1764-95)
- 1759 Paul Cuffe, Mass, merchant/shipbuilder/African American nationalist
- 1761 James Hall, Scottish geologist, born in Dunglass, Scotland (d. 1832)
- 1771 Charles Brockden Brown, father of American novel (Wieland)
- 1789 August Neander, German theologian (d. 1850)
- 1806 James Madison Randolph, Jefferson's grandson and the 1st to be born in the White House, Washington, D.C.
- 1814 Ellen Wood, English author (East Lynne, Pomeroy Abbey)
- 1818 Antoine Dorion, (L) joint premier of Canada (1858, 1863-64)
- 1820 Anne Brontë, English novelist/poet (Tenant of Wildfell Hall), born in Thornton, West Yorkshire (d. 1849)
- 1828 Lewis Addison Grant, American teacher, lawyer, and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Winhall, Vermont (d. 1918)
- 1830 Eyre Massey Shaw, British first chief of London Fire Brigade, born in Ballymore, Ireland (d. 1908)
- 1831 Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria (d. 1903)
- 1834 August Weismann, German biologist (d. 1914)
- 1835 Antanas Baranauskas, Lithuanian bishop/poet/dialectologist
- 1845 Lucas Lindeboom, Dutch vicar/evangelist (Vredebond)
- 1851 A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928)
- 1853 Alva Belmont, American socialite & suffragette (d. 1933)
- 1857 Eugene Augustin Lauste, developer (1st sound-on-film recording)
- 1858 Tomas Carrasquilla, Colombian author (Frutos de mi Tierra)
- 1860 Douglas Hyde, President of Ireland (d. 1949)
- 1862 John E Akkeringa, Dutch painter/etcher
David Lloyd George
1863 David Lloyd George, British Prime Minister (Liberal: 1916-22), born in Chorlton-on-Medlock, Lancashire, England (d. 1945)
David Lloyd George
David Beatty
1871 David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty and British Admiral of the Fleet during World War I (Battle of Jutland), born in Nantwich, England (d. 1936)
David Beatty
- 1875 Florencio Sánchez, Uruguayan dramatist (d. 1910)
- 1876 Olga Fastrová, Czech writer and editor (National Policy), born in Prague (d. 1965)
- 1876 Frank Hague, American politician (d. 1956)
- 1877 May Gibbs, Australian children's author (d. 1969)
- 1880 Mack Sennett, movie creator (Keystone Kops)
- 1881 Alfred Radcliffe-Browne, British anthropologist (Andaman Islanders), born in Birmingham, England (d. 1955)
- 1881 Antoni Łomnicki, Polish mathematician (d. 1941)
Arnold Rothstein
1882 Arnold Rothstein, American gambler and mobster (fixed 1919 World Series), born in NYC, New York (d, 1928)
Arnold Rothstein
- 1885 E Ball-Hennings, writer
- 1885 Joseph Arendt, Belgian worker's union leader
- 1886 Glenn Luther Martin, aviator (Collier Trophy-1933)
- 1886 Ronald Firbank, British novelist (The Flower Beneath the Foot), born in London, England (d. 1926)
- 1887 Ola Raknes, Norwegian psychoanalyst and philologist (d. 1975)
- 1891 Norman "Squab" Read, American aviator who lived to be 101
- 1891 Walter Eucken, German economist
- 1897 Marcel Petiot, French mass murderer (d. 1946)
- 1899 Nevil Shute [Norway], novelist (On the Beach, Town Like Alice), born in London, England
- 1899 Robert Maynard Hutchins, American educator/civil libertarian
- 1899 Roel [Martinus F] Houwink, Dutch literary (1 Man Without Character)
- 1900 Olga Maria Nicolis di Robilant, patron of the arts
- 1900 George Sperti, American inventor (Preparation H), born in Covington, Kentucky (d. 1991)
- 1901 Aron Gurwitsch, Lithuanian-born philosopher, born in Vilnius, Lithuania (d. 1973)
- 1902 Geoffrey W Lloyd, British minister of Brandstoffen/Energy (1951-55)
- 1905 Franz Schmid, German ascended northside of Matterhorn (1931)
- 1908 Akkineni LV Lakshmi Varaprasada Rao Prasad, producer
- 1910 Edith S Green, (Rep-D-Ore)
- 1910 Michael Economides, restaurateur
- 1913 Werenfried [Flip] van Straaten, founder (Oostpriesterhulp)
- 1914 Anacleto Angelini, Chilean businessman (d. 2007)
- 1917 Ramón Cardemil, Chilean huaso, born in Colchagua, Chile (d. 2007)
- 1918 Joseph Walker Barr, banker/politician
- 1921 Antonio Prohias, Cuban cartoonist (d. 1998)
- 1922 Luis Echeverria Alvarez, president Mexico
- 1922 Nicholas Katzenbach, lawyer (US Attorney General), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 2012)
- 1924 Jewel Plummer Cobb, educator/pres (California State U at Fullerton)
- 1925 Duane Hanson, US sculptor
- 1925 Robert Cormier, American author (d. 2000)
- 1925 Edgar Ray Killen, American convict, former preacher, K.K.K. member and murderer, born in Philadelphia, Mississippi (d. 2018)
- 1926 Newton N. Minow, American lawyer and statesman
- 1927 Dr Tom Dooley, American humanitarian (d. 1961)
Vidal Sassoon
1928 Vidal Sassoon, British-American hair stylist and CEO of Vidal Sasson, born in London (d. 2012)
Vidal Sassoon
- 1931 Douglas Wilder, American politician, Governor of Virginia (1990-94), 1st African American Governor since Reconstruction, born in Richmond, Virginia
- 1933 Aga Khan, religious leader (Muslims)
- 1933 Bruno Schroder, British baron/banker/multi-millionaire
- 1933 Yolande Christina Dalida, Cairo Egypt
- 1935 Paul O[sborne] Williams, American sci-fi author (Ends of the Circle)
- 1935 Ruth Ann Minner, Governor of Delaware
- 1938 John Bellairs, American sci-fi author (Chessmen of Doom)
- 1938 Tabaré Vázque, Uruguayan politician and President of Uruguay (2015-present), born in Montevideo, Uruguay
- 1940 Oswald Mbuyiseni Mtshali, South African poet (Fireflames)
- 1942 Ita Buttrose, Australian journalist & businesswoman, born in Potts Point, Australia
- 1943 Daniel Charles Brandenstein, American astronaut (STS 8, 51-G, 32, 49), born in Watertown, Wisconsin
René Préval
1943 René Préval, President of Haiti (1996-2001, 2006-2011), born in Port-au-Prince (d. 2017)
René Préval
- 1948 Alexander "Alec" Erwin, South African worker's union leader, born in Cape Town, South Africa
- 1950 Luis López Nieves, Latin American writer, born in San Juan, Puerto Rico
- 1954 Robert F Kennedy Jr., American attorney (Natural Resources Defense Council), born in Washington, D.C.
- 1954 Susan Kiefel, Australian lawyer & judge, born in Cairns, Australia
- 1957 Ann Nocenti, American comic book writer
- 1960 John Crawford, American bass (Berlin-You Take My Breath Away), born in Palo Alto, California
Weddings in History
Wedding of Interest
38 BC Roman Republican Leader Octavian, later Augustus 1st Roman Emperor, marries Livia Drusilla
Augustus Caesar
Livia
Wedding of Interest
1827 Religious leader Joseph Smith Jr (21) weds church group movement leader Emma Smith (22) in South Bainbridge, New York
Joseph Smith
Wedding of Interest
1955 Murderer Charles Manson (20) weds waitress Rosalie Jean Willis (17)
Charles Manson
Deaths in History
- 395 Theodosius I, "the Great", Spanish-born Emperor of Rome, last emperor to rule the east and west empire, dies at 49
- 1119 Boudouin VII Hapkin, count of Flanders, dies
- 1229 Albert, Bishop of Riga/Albert of Buxhoeveden, founder of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, dies at about 68
- 1369 Peter I of Cyprus, King of Cyprus (1358-69), murdered at 40
- 1468 Skanderbeg, Albanian leader (b. 1405)
- 1588 Qi Jiguang, Chinese general, dies at 59
- 1598 Fyodor I Tsar of Russia (b. 1557)
- 1617 Pieter C Bockenberg, Dutch historian, dies at 68
- 1617 Faust Vrančić, Croatian inventor (b. 1551)
- 1620 Diego Alvarez de Paz, Span missionary/writer (Peru), dies at about 59
- 1654 Paul Potter, Dutch painter, buried
- 1661 Andres Malong, Philippines rebel leader, executed
- 1702 Thomas Franklin, English smith/uncle of B Franklin, dies [OS=Jan 6]
- 1705 John Ray, English naturalist (b. 1627)
- 1718 Captain Benjamin Church, Plymouth Colony settler and military leader
- 1737 Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann, German architect, dies at 73
- 1781 Marie de Negre Dables, marquess, dies
- 1805 Abraham-Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron, French scholar and interpreter, dies at 73
- 1820 Daniel Albert Wyttenbach, German-Swiss classicl scholar and historian, dies at 73
- 1823 Zacharius Werner, German playwright, dies at 36
- 1830 W Waiblinger, writer, dies
- 1833 James Ball Antyne, Scot founder (Ball Antyne Press), dies at about 60
- 1833 William Rush, American sculptor (Spirit of the Schuylkill), dies at 76
- 1834 Giovanni Aldini, Italian physicist, dies at 71
- 1861 Lola Montez, Irish-born adventurer (b. 1821)
- 1863 Horace Vernet, French painter of battles and Orientalist subjects, dies at 73
- 1870 Alexander Anderson, American engraver and illustrator (Shakespeare), dies at 94
- 1874 Chang & Eng Bunker, Chinese/Thai Siamese twins, die at 62
- 1884 Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist, dies at 79
- 1887 William Giblin, Premier of Tasmania (b. 1840)
- 1889 Juan Montalvo, Ecuadorian author (Siete Tratados), dies at 56
George Bancroft
1891 George Bancroft, American historian and father of U.S. History, dies at 90
George Bancroft
Rutherford B. Hayes
1893 Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th US President (Republican: 1877-81), dies of a heart attack at 70
Rutherford B. Hayes
- 1899 Jedediah Hotchkiss, American topographer and cartographer, dies at 70
- 1901 Jacob G Agarah, Swedish algologist, dies at 87
- 1902 Gideon Scheepers, South Africa Boer leader, executed
- 1903 Ignaz Wechselmann, Hungarian architect and philanthropist (b. 1828)
- 1908 Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany, dies at 72
- 1909 Sir Francis Smith, Premier of Tasmania (b. 1819
- 1910 Wilhelm F Kohlrausch, German physicist (Additiviteitsregel), dies at 69
- 1911 Francis Galton, British anthropologist and geneticist (eugenics), dies at 88
- 1917 Hendrik Goeman Borgesius, Dutch politician, dies at 70
Juliette Gordon Low
1927 Juliette Gordon Low, American founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA, dies of breast cancer at 66
Juliette Gordon Low
- 1932 Albert Jacka, VC, Australian soldier (b. 1893)
- 1933 Louis Comfort Tiffany, American artist and designer (b. 1848)
- 1936 Mateiu Caragiale, Romanian author (b. 1885)
- 1938 William Pickering, American astronomer (predicted Pluto), dies at 79
- 1941 Jose Leite de Vasconcelos, Portuguese scholar (Etnografia), dies at 82
- 1942 Walther von Reichenau, German field marshal, dies at 57
- 1947 Pyotr Krasnov, Russian counter-revolutionary (b. 1869)
- 1947 Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve, French cardinal and Archbishop of Quebec, dies at 63
- 1955 Reneke de Marees van Swinderen, Dutch minister (1908-13), dies at 94
- 1962 Gerrit Achterberg, Dutch poet (Dead End), dies at 56
T. H. White
1964 T. H. White, English novelist (England Have My Bones) and author of the King Arthur novels, dies of heart failure at 57
T. H. White
- 1965 Hans Marchwitza, German writer and communist, dies at 75
- 1966 Vincent J Donehue, director (Lonelyhearts), dies of Hodgkin's at 50
- 1968 Julis Deutsch, Austria politician/general Spanish rep army, dies at 83
- 1972 Betty Smith, American novelist (A Tree Grows in Brooklyn), dies at 75
- 1977 Gary Gilmore, American murderer executed in Utah at 36, 1st US execution since 1967
- 1987 Raymond Scheyven, Belgian minister of Economic Affairs, dies at 75
- 1989 Sterling A Brown, American poet/critic (Southern Road), dies at 87
- 1990 Charles Hernu, French minister of Defense (1981-85), dies
- 1990 Anna Arnold Hedgeman, African-American social activist (NYC cabinet), dies at 90
- 1991 Olav V, King of Norway (1957-91), dies at 87
- 1993 Albert Hourani, English historian (b. 1915)
- 1994 Allan G Odell, Ad exec (Burma Shave), dies at 90
- 1994 Chung Il Kwon, Prime Minister of South Korea (1964-70), dies
- 1994 Han Jansen, Dutch journalist (Volkskrant), dies at 61
- 1994 Yevgeny Ivanov, Soviet spy involved in the Profumo affair (b. 1926)
- 1995 Isador Caplan, British lawyer and Aldeburgh Festival pioneer, dies at 82
- 1995 Urias Nooteboom, Dutch journalist/critic (The Time), dies at 54
- 1996 Barbara Charline Jordan, politician, dies at 59
- 1996 Charles Henry Madge, English poet and founder of Mass-Observation, dies at 83
- 1996 Giles Playfair, English writer, dies at 85
- 1996 John Adrian Hope, politician/businessman, dies at 83
- 1996 Amber Hagerman, American namesake of the Amber Alert system (b. 1986)
- 1997 Andrea Fisher, American artist, dies at 41
- 1997 Amha Selassie, Crown prince of Ethiopia and son of emperor Haile Selassi, dies at 82
- 1997 Clyde William Tombaugh, discoverer (Pluto), dies at 90
- 1997 Bert Kelly, Australian politician (b. 1912)
- 1999 Robert Eads, American transsexual (b. 1945)
- 2001 Gregory Corso, American poet, dies of prostate cancer at 70
- 2002 Bishop Karas, Sudanese-born American religious leader (b. 1955)
- 2002 Camilo Jose Cela, Spanish writer, (Nobel Prize laureate 1989), dies at 85
- 2005 Charlie Bell, Australian fast food executive (b. 1960)
- 2005 Albert Schatz, American microbiologist (b. 1920)
- 2005 Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the People's Republic of China (b. 1919)
- 2006 Clarence Ray Allen, American murderer (b. 1930)
- 2006 Pierre Grondin, French Canadian cardiac surgeon (b. 1925)
- 2007 Yevhen Kushnaryov, Ukrainian politician (b. 1951)
- 2009 Anders Isaksson, Swedish journalist, writer, and historian (b. 1943)
- 2010 Jyoti Basu, Indian politician (b. 1914)
- 2010 Daisuke Gouri, Japanese seiyu (b. 1952)
- 2016 Mic Gillette, American brass player (Tower of Power, Cold Blood, The Sons of Champlin), dies of a heart attack at 64