On This Day in History for July 14

Events 1 - 100 of 145

• 1223 Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II
• 1420 Battle at Vitkov Zizka's hill (Prague): Taboriets beat Bohemia

• 1581 English jesuit Edmund Campion arrested
• 1698 The Darien scheme begins with five ships, bearing about 1,200 people, departing Leith for the Isthmus of Panama
• 1714 Battle of Aland, Russian fleet overpowers larger Swedish fleet
• 1769 The de Portolá Expedition establishes a base in California, and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California)
• 1771 Mission San Antonio de Padua founded in California
• 1789 Bastille Day - the French Revolution begins with the fall of the Bastille Prison

• 1791 The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England
• 1798 1st direct US federal tax on states-on dwellings, land and slaves
• 1798 US Sedition Act prohibits "false, scandalous & malicious" writing against government
• 1822 Date planned for the slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina by Denmark Vesey and Peter Poyas (plot already uncovered in June)
• 1823 Switzerland signs boundaries for fugitives
• 1832 Opium exempted from federal tariff duty
• 1845 1st postmasters' provisional stamps issued, NYC
• 1850 1st public demonstration of ice made by refrigeration by Florida physician John Gorrie
• 1853 Commodore Perry requests trade relations with Japan

• 1853 New Zealand holds its first general election
• 1861 General McDowell advances toward Fairfax Courthouse, Virginia with 40,000 troops
• 1861 Naval Engagement at Wilmington North Carolina - USS Daylight establishes blockade
• 1863 Battle of Falling Waters, Maryland (Beaver Creek)
• 1863 Jews of Holstein Germany granted equality
• 1864 Gold is discovered in Helena, Montana
• 1865 English mountaineer Edward Whymper leads first expedition to climb the Matterhorn (four die on the descent)
• 1868 Alvin J Fellows patents tape measure

• 1877 General strike brings US railroad to a stand still
• 1891 John T Smith patents corkboard
• 1902 The Campanile in St Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta
• 1909 Germany chancellor Bernhard von Bulow resigns
• 1909 Theobold von Bethmann Hollweg nominated Germany Chancellor
• 1911 46" of rain begins to fall in Baguio, Philippines

• 1916 33.6 cm rainfall at Effingham SC (state record)
• 1916 St Louis Brown Ernie Koob pitches all 17 inns in a 0-0 tie vs Boston
• 1918 Dutch government reclaims South seas
• 1921 Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti convicted in Dedham Massachusetts, of killing their shoe company's paymaster
• 1921 Sacco & Vanzetti Trial: Sacco and Vanzetti are convicted murder and sentenced to death
• 1927 1st commercial airplane flight in Hawaii
• 1932 Belgian Chamber rules Dutch language for education of Flanders
• 1933 Germany begins mandatory sterilization of people with hereditary illnesses
• 1933 All non-Nazi parties are banned in Germany
• 1933 Verity bowls out Essex twice in a day, 8-47 & 9-44, at Leyton
• 1934 116°F (47°C), Orogrande NM (state record, broken on June 27, 1994)
• 1934 NY Times erroneously declares Ruth 700 HR record to stand for all time
• 1936 1 million demonstrate to support French People's Front government
• 1936 116°F (47°C), Collegeville, Indiana (state record)

• 1940 Due to beanball wars, Spalding advertises batting helmet with earflaps
• 1940 Lithuania becomes Lithuanian SSR
• 1941 6,000 Lithuanian Jews are exterminated at Viszalsyan Camp
• 1941 Cease fire of Joan of Arc (ends combat in Lebanon & Syria)
• 1941 Jam rationed in Holland
• 1942 1st transport of Amsterdam Jews to Westerbork
• 1942 Riots against Jews in Amsterdam
• 1944 Attempt to liberate prisoners in Amsterdam fails, John Post arrested
• 1944 US assault on Coutances Cotentin
• 1945 Battleship USS South Dakota is 1st US ship to bombard Japan

• 1946 Mass murder of Jews in Kielce, Poland
• 1948 Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot near to the Italian Parliament.
• 1950 RE Wayne awarded 1st Distinguished Flying Cross in Korea
• 1951 Citation becomes 1st horse to win $1,000,000 in races
• 1951 George Washington Carver monument unveiled
• 1952 SS United States crosses Atlantic in 84:12 (record westward)
• 1953 1st US National monument dedicated to a Negro-George Washington Carver
• 1954 117°F (47°C), East St Louis, Illinois (state record)
• 1954 118°F (48°C), Warsaw & Union, Missouri (state record)
• 1955 2 killed, many dazed when lightning strikes Ascot racecourse, England
• 1957 Soviet steamer "Eshghbad" sinks in Caspian Sea, drowning 270
• 1958 General Abdul K Kassem forms a military government in Iraq overthrowing the monarchy
• 1958 Pope Pius XII publishes his 39th and last encyclical Meminisse juvat
• 1959 USS Long Beach, first nuclear powered cruiser launched at Quincy, Mass
• 1960 Fire rages through a Guatemala City insane asylum killing 225 and severely injuring 300
• 1961 Astro's Eddie Matthews hits HR #500
• 1961 Finland's Miettunen government forms
• 1962 Borehole for Mont Blanc tunnel finished
• 1962 US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site
• 1964 Oriole Bob Johnson's 6th straight hit as a pinch hitter
• 1965 Australian Ronald Clarke runs world record 10k (27:39.4)
• 1965 Israeli/Jordanian border fights
• 1965 US Mariner IV, 1st Mars probe, passes at 6,100 miles (9,800 km)
• 1966 Richard Speck rapes and kills 8 nurses in a Chicago dormitory
• 1967 Surveyor 4 launched to Moon; explodes just before landing
• 1968 Houston Astro Don Wilson strikes-out 18, beats Reds 6-1
• 1969 "Futbol War" between El Salvador and Honduras begins
• 1969 The United States $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 bills are officially withdrawn from circulation.
• 1969 A 67-year-old Catholic civilian dies after being attacked by RUC officers in Dungiven; many consider this the first death of 'the Troubles'
• 1972 Jean Westwood is 1st woman chosen to head Democratic National Committee
• 1972 USSR performs underground nuclear Test
• 1973 Phil Everly storms off stage declaring an end to Everly Brothers
• 1974 Bundy victims Janice Ott and Denise Naslund disappear, Lake Sammamish, Washington
• 1975 EPCOT Center (Florida) plans announced

• 1976 USSR banishes dissident Andrei Amalrik to Netherlands
• 1977 North Korea shoots down US helicopter, killing 3
• 1977 US House establishes permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

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• 1454 Poliziano, Florentine humanist (d. 1494)
• 1486 Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (Recollets)
• 1602 Jules Mazarin, French cardinal, French 1st Minister (1642-61)
• 1608 George Goring, Lord Goring, English royalist soldier (d. 1657)
• 1610 Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
• 1634 Pasquier Quesnel, French Jansenist theologian (d. 1719)
• 1671 Jacques D'Allonville, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1732)
• 1675 Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)
• 1676 Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, and poet (d. 1763)
• 1696 William Oldys, English antiquarian and bibliographer (d. 1761)
• 1721 John Douglas, Scottish Anglican bishop and man of letters (d. 1807)
• 1743 Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (d. 1816)
• 1756 Thomas Rowlandson, English painter/cartoonist/etcher
• 1762 Joseph Lakanal, Serres Ariège, French Politician and Educator
• 1785 Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer, journalist (d. 1851)
• 1794 John G Lockhart, [Scorpion], biographer (Life of Sir Walter Scott)
• 1801 Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist (d. 1858)
• 1804 Ludwig A Benedek, Austrian general
• 1816 Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (d. 1882)
• 1818 Nathaniel Lyon, American Brigadier General (Union Army), 1st Union General to die in battle, born in Ashford, Connecticut (d. 1861)
• 1830 Richard Henry Jackson, Irish-American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Kinnegad County, Westmeath, Ireland (d. 1892)
• 1831 William Dwight, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Springfield, Massachusetts (d. 1888)
• 1834 James Abbott McNeill Whistler, artist (Whistler's Mother)
• 1857 Maytag, inventor (washing machine)
• 1862 Florence Bascom, American geologist and 1st woman hired by the US Geological Survey, born in Williamstown, Massachusetts (d. 1945)
• 1862 Gustav Klimt, Austrian Art Nouveau painter
• 1865 Annie Jones, Virginia, bearded lady

• 1869 Owen Wister, American novelist (Virginian)
• 1874 'Abbas Hilmi II, last khedive (Ottoman viceroy) of Egypt (1892-1914)
• 1874 Andre Debierne, French chemist/physicist (Actinium)
• 1885 King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959)

• 1890 Ossip Zadkine, [Zadkin], Russ/French sculptor (Destroyed City)
• 1893 John G Strijdom, premier of South-Africa (1954-58)
• 1893 Clarence J. Brown, Newspaper publisher and politician (d. 1965)
• 1895 Frank Raymond Leavis, British literary critic (Culture & Environment)
• 1896 Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (d. 1936)
• 1902 Richard Clarkson, aerodynamicist
• 1902 Truman J Hedding, US vice-admiral (WWII)
• 1903 Irving Stone, American author (Love is Eternal, Lust for Life)
• 1904 Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish Yiddish novelist (Enemies-Nobel 1978)
• 1906 Tom Carvel, ice cream mogul (Carvels)
• 1908 Chaim Raphael, English Jewish scholar and novelist, born in Middlesbrough (d. 1994)

• 1911 J de Graaf, Dutch ethicist/president (Church & Peace)
• 1912 Northrop Frye, Canadian literary critic (d. 1991)
• 1913 Fritz Erler, German politician (SDP)

• 1913 Nigel Thomas Loveridge Fisher, politician
• 1916 Natalia Ginzburg, Italian author (Family dictionary)
• 1916 Phyllis Stedman, politician
• 1918 Jay Forrester, Engineer, invented random-access magnetic core memory, born near Anselmo, Nebraska (d. 2016)
• 1921 Geoffrey Wilkinson, chemist
• 1921 Leon Garfield, English children's author (d. 1996)
• 1921 Sixto Durán Ballén, Ecuadorian politician, President of Ecuador (1992-96), born in Boston, America (d. 2016)
• 1922 Robin Olds, American World War II and Vietnam War ace fighter pilot (d. 2007)
• 1922 Elfriede Rinkel, Nazi concentration camp guard
• 1923 Frances Lear, Larchmont NY, Woman's magazine publisher (Lears)
• 1924 James W. Black, Scottish pharmacologist, Nobel laureate
• 1928 Elizabeth Jane Lloyd, artist/teacher
• 1931 Donald Eugene Webb, murderer (FBI Most Wanted List), born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
• 1933 Robert Bourassa, premier of Quebec (1970-76, 1985- ), born in Montreal, Quebec
• 1934 Leo Joseph Koury, Pitts, murderer (FBI Most Wanted List)
• 1936 Robert F Overmyer, Lorain Ohio, Col USMC/astronaut (STS 5, STS 51B)
• 1937 Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician
• 1938 Jerry Rubin, activist (Chicago 7)/stockbroker
• 1939 George E. Slusser, American scholar and writer
• 1939 Ljubisa Beara, Bosnian general convicted of overseeing Srebrenica Massacre, born in Sarajevo (d. 2017)
• 1940 Susan Howatch, English author
• 1941 Tatyana Dmitryevna Kuznetsova, cosmonaut
• 1941 Maulana Karenga, American author and activist
• 1941 Andreas Khol, Austrian politician
• 1942 Javier Solana, Spanish European Union foreign policy chief
• 1946 Maureen O'Connor, Mayor (San Diego)
• 1947 Claudia Kennedy, U.S. Army officer
• 1949 Lukas D Barnard, head of South Africa secret service (NIS)
• 1950 Bruce Oldfield, British mode-designer
• 1951 Esther Dyson, computer publisher (Release 1.0), born in Zurich, Switzerland
• 1952 Joel Silver, producer (Warriors, Xanadu, Die Hard), born in South Orange, New Jersey
• 1952 Franklin Graham, American evangelist
• 1955 L. Brent Bozell, American author and activist
• 1959 Susana Martinez, American politician (Governor of New Mexico) 1st female Hispanic US governor, born in El Paso, Texas
• 1960 Anna Bligh, Australian politician
• 1963 Phil Rosenthal, American newspaper columnist
• 1966 Brian Selznick, American author and illustrator
• 1967 Patrick J. Kennedy, politician
• 1973 Adam Quinn, American bagpipe player
• 1977 Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
• 1979 Axel Teichmann, German cross-country skier

• 1966 Sex symbol of the 1960s Brigitte Bardot (31) weds German millionaire playboy Gunter Sachs (33) in Las Vegas

• 664 Deusdedit of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
• 937 Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria
• 1223 King Philip II of France (1180-1223) dies at 57
• 1298 Jacob de Voragine, Italian bishop/writer (Golden Legend), dies
• 1575 Richard Taverner, English Bible translator
• 1614 Camillus de Lellis, Italian soldier/monastery founder/saint, dies at 64
• 1671 Méric Casaubon, English classical scholar (b. 1599)
• 1711 Johan Willem Friso, Prince of Orange/(Nassau-Dietz), drowns at 23
• 1723 Claude Fleury, French historian (b. 1640)
• 1742 Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (b. 1662)
• 1744 Immanuel J. Pyra, German poet (Temple of True Poetry), dies at 28
• 1762 Cornelis Hop, Amsterdams regent/diplomat, dies at 77
• 1766 František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (b. 1674)
• 1770 David 't Kindt, Flemish architect (Mammelokker, Ghent), dies at 71
• 1774 James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley and Kilmaine, British field marshal (b. 1682)
• 1779 George Ross, US judge/signer (Declaration of Independence), dies at 49
• 1780 Charles Batteux, French philosopher (b. 1713)
• 1789 Jacques de Flesselles, French provost (assassinated) (b. 1721)
• 1789 Bernard-René de Launay, governor of the Bastille, murdered during the Storming of the Bastille (b.1740)
• 1790 Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
• 1793 Jacques Cathelineau, French royalist, dies in battle at 44
• 1812 Christian G. Heyne, German archaeologist, dies at 82
• 1816 Francisco de Miranda, Venezuela freedom fighter, dies at 66
• 1817 Anne Louise Germaine de Staël, Swiss author (b. 1766)
• 1827 Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788)
• 1830 Anthony FRE Haersolte, member of Executing Regime, dies at 73
• 1834 Edmond Charles Genêt, French ambassador to the United States during the French Revolution (b. 1763)
• 1850 August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789)
• 1876 Thomas Hazlehurst, English Methodist chapel builder, dies at 60

• 1897 John Franklin Farnsworth, American politician and Brigadier General (Union Army), dies at 77
• 1902 Mark M Antokolski, Russian/French sculptor, dies at 58
• 1904 President of Transvaal Paul Kruger, the face of Boer resistance against the British during the South African or Second Boer War (1899–1902), heart failure at 78
• 1907 William Henry Perkin, English chemist and inventor (b. 1838)
• 1939 Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter, decorative artist (b. 1860)
• 1948 Palmiro Togliatti, Italy's CPI chairman, assassinated
• 1950 Āpirana Ngata, Māori New Zealand politician and lawyer known for promoting and protecting Māori culture and language, dies at 76
• 1954 Jacinto Benavente y Martinez, Spanish playwright, dies at 87
• 1958 Abdoel Illah, crown prince of Iraq, murdered
• 1958 Faisal II, King of Iraq (1939-58), son of Ghasi I, assassinated at Baghdad at 23
• 1958 Franciscus J Feron, vicar-general of Roermond, dies at 62
• 1958 Noeri el-Said, premier of Iraq, murdered
• 1959 Grock [Adrien Wettach], Swiss clown and circus director, dies at 79
• 1965 Adlai Stevenson, US amb to UN/presidential candidate (D, 1952, 56), dies
• 1966 Julie Manet, French painter (b. 1878)
• 1967 Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880)
• 1968 Konstatin G Paustovski, Russian sailor/author, dies at 76
• 1968 Westbrook Van Voorhis, announcer (March of Time), dies at 64
• 1968 Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky, Russian writer (b. 1892)
• 1974 Henri Smajda, Tunis/French publisher (Combat), commits suicide at 77
• 1974 Carl Spaatz, American World War II general and 1st Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, dies at 83
• 1980 Felix Berezin, Russian physicist and mathematician (Berezin integral), dies at 49
• 1984 Ernest Tidyman, American writer (b. 1928)
• 1986 Raymond Loewy, US industrial designer, dies at 92
• 1989 Frank Bell, British educator (b. 1916)
• 1990 Philip Leacock, dies of collapsed lungs at 73
• 1991 Nic van Bridges, Flemish poet, dies
• 1994 Robert Jungk, German/French/Us/Austrian philosopher/historian, dies
• 1995 Michael Naylor, English insurance broker (Endsleigh Insurance), dies at 59
• 1996 Kenneth Tompkins Bainbridge, physicist, dies at 91
• 1996 Kim Besly, activist, dies at 69
• 1998 Richard McDonald, American fast food pioneer (b. 1909)
• 2000 William Roscoe Estep, American Baptist historian (b. 1920)
• 2000 René Ríos Boettiger, Chilean cartoonist (b. 1911)
• 2002 Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
• 2003 Éva Janikovszky, Hungarian novelist (b. 1926)
• 2003 François-Albert Angers, French Canadian economist (b. 1909)

• 2010 Mădălina Manole, Romanian pop recording artist (b. 1967)
• 2012 Sixten Jernberg, Swedish skier, dies at 83
• 2017 Maryam Mirzakhani, Iranian Mathematician, dies of breast cancer at 40

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