On This Day in History for July 25

Events 1 - 100 of 162

• 864 The Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings
• 1139 Count Alfonso I of Portugal proclaimed King
• 1261 Constantinople recaptured by Nicaean forces under Alexios Strategopoulos for Emperor Michael VIII, re-establishing Byzantine Empire
• 1360 Jews are expelled from Breslau, Silesia

• 1519 San Cristobal de la Habana forms in Cuba
• 1521 About 300 heretics burned in Vrijdagmarkt Gent
• 1536 Sebastián de Belalcázar on his search of El Dorado founds the City of Santiago de Cali
• 1538 The City of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil

• 1564 Maximilian II succeeds his father Ferdinand I as Holy Roman Emperor
• 1567 Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela
• 1570 Battle of Arnay-le-Duc, Burgundy: Huguenot victory forces Charles IX of France to agree to a peace treaty that ends the Third War of Religion
• 1585 Amsterdam bans 45 roman catholics

• 1652 Nikita Minin becomes patriarch of Russian Orthodox Church
• 1670 Austrian Emperor Leopold I expels 4,000 Jews from Vienna
• 1670 Don Juan Domingo Zuniga y Fonseca becomes governor-general of Southern Netherlands
• 1693 Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, now known as Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, México
• 1722 The Three Years War begins along the Maine and Massachusetts border
• 1729 North Carolina becomes a royal colony
• 1745 Jacoibite Rising Bonnie Prince Charlie lands on Eriskay, Hebrides
• 1758 Seven Years' War: the island battery at Fortress Louisbourg in Nova Scotia is silenced and all French warships are destroyed or taken
• 1759 British capture Fort Niagara from French (7 Years' War)

• 1792 Dutch patriots exiles found "Bataafs Legion"
• 1792 The Brunswick Manifesto issued to population of Paris promising vengeance if French Royal Family harmed
• 1795 The first stone of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is laid

• 1814 Battle of Niagara Falls (Lundy's Lane); Americans defeat British

• 1824 Costa Rica annexes Guanacaste from Nicaragua.
• 1830 Charles X signs the July Ordinances, suspending freedom of the press, among other effects
• 1832 1st railroad accident in US, Granite Railway, Quincy, Massachusetts, kills 1
• 1835 Ibrahim Pasha's army attacks Jewish settlers of Hebron Palestine
• 1837 The first commercial use of an electric telegraph successfully demonstrated by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone between Euston and Camden Town in London
• 1848 1st battle at Custozza: Austrians under Radetzky beat Italian
• 1850 Gold discovered in Oregon (Rogue River)
• 1853 Joaquin Murrieta, the famous Californian bandit known as "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed by California Rangers

• 1860 1st US intercollegiate billiard match (Harvard vs Yale)
• 1861 Washington, D.C. - Crittenden resolution is passed stating that the war is to be fought to preserve union and uphold the Constitution, not to alter slavery
• 1861 Skirmish at Fort Fillmore, New Mexico Territory - Rebels attack Union troops
• 1863 Skirmish at Barbee's Crossroads, Virginia
• 1866 25th US Postmaster General: Alexander W Randall of Wisconsin takes office
• 1866 David Faragut appointed as 1st admiral in US Navy

• 1868 US Congress forms Wyoming Territory (Dakota, Utah & Idaho)


• 1871 Carousel patented by Wilhelm Schneider, Davenport, Iowa
• 1897 Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories
• 1898 1st US troops land & occupy Puerto Rico, at Guanica Bay
• 1901 Emily Hobhouse addresses public meetings in Britain on the concentration camps during the South African War
• 1903 Castle on top of Telegraph Hil, San Francisco closes
• 1907 Korea becomes a protectorate of Japan
• 1908 Ajinomoto Co. is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers a key ingredient in Konbu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG), patents a process for manufacturing it.
• 1909 France's Louis Bleriot, makes 1st airplane flight across English Channel
• 1912 Comoros proclaimed a French colonies
• 1913 Carl Weilman strikes out 6 times in a 15 inning game
• 1913 A meeting in Johannesburg, called by the South African Native National Congress, now African National Congress, is attended by a large number of people from South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland
• 1914 Germany Socialist-Democrat Party declares: "No German blood for Austrian tyrant" in response to German support of Austria-Hungary
• 1914 Serbia meets the deadlines of Austria-Hungary's ultimatum and gives a conciliatory reply, though Serbia is mobilizing
• 1916 Explosion at Lake Erie and Cleveland Waterworks
• 1917 Sir Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
• 1918 Annette Adams sworn in as 1st woman district attorney of US, California
• 1918 Race riot in Chester Pennsylvania (3 blacks and 2 whites killed)
• 1923 German mark devalued to 600,000 Mark=$1
• 1930 Philadelphia Athletics triple steal in 1st and 4th innings vs Cleveland
• 1934 Failed Nazi coup in Austria
• 1936 115 acre Orchard Beach opens in the Bronx
• 1938 Jewish artisans not allowed in Germany
• 1938 Revolutionary offensive of Ebro Spain (Hollander Piet)
• 1939 5th and last Dutch government of Colijn, forms

• 1942 German troops strike at Tsym Lyanskaja
• 1943 1st warship named after an African American launched - USS Leonard Roy Harmon, a Buckley class destroyer

• 1943 Opposition group Zwaantje forms in Delfzijl
• 1943 RAF bombs Fokker airplane factory in Amsterdam
• 1944 Japanese banzai-attack on Guam
• 1944 1st jet fighter used in combat (Messerschmitt 262)
• 1944 Operation Cobra: US forces begin major offensive in Normandy with air bombardment
• 1944 World War II: Operation Spring - one of Canada's bloodiest days, 18,444 casualties and 5,021 killed
• 1946 US detonates underwater A-bomb at Bikini (5th atomic explosion)
• 1952 Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing US commonwealth (Constitution Day)
• 1953 NYC transit fare rises from 10 cents to 15 cents, 1st use of subway tokens
• 1956 Jordan attacks UN Palestine force
• 1957 Monarchy in Tunisia abolished in favor of a republic
• 1957 US performs nuclear Test at Nevada Test Site
• 1958 The African Regroupment Party (PRA) holds its first congress in Cotonou.
• 1959 SR-N1 hovercraft crosses the English Channel from Calais to Dover in just over 2 hours.
• 1960 Companie Industrielle et Forestere (Indufor) forms in Brussels

• 1963 Belgian Senate accept Law on language regulations
• 1963 US, Russia & Britain sign nuclear Test ban treaty
• 1964 Bob Simpson out for 311 at Old Trafford
• 1964 Race riot in Rochester, NY

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• 975 Thietmar, German chronicler and Bishop of Merseburg, born in Hildesheim, Saxony (d. 1018)
• 1016 Casimir I the Restorer, Duke of Poland, born in Kraków, Poland (d. c. 1058)
• 1109 Afonso I the Conqueror, King of Portugal (1143-85), born in Guimarães, Portugal (d. 1185)
• 1336 Albert I, Duke of Bavaria and third son of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, born in Munich (d. 1404)
• 1404 Philip I, Duke of Brabant (1427-30) (d. 1430)
• 1421 Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, English politician, born in Leconfield, United Kingdom (d. 1461)
• 1517 Jacques Peletier (du Mans), French poet and scientist, born in Le Mans, France (d. 1582)
• 1562 Kiyomasa Kato, Japanese warlord, born in Owari Province, Japan (d. 1611)
• 1575 Christoph Scheiner, German astronomer and physicist, born in Markt Wald, Germany (d. 1650)
• 1626 Gerard Brandt, Dutch theologist, poet and historian, born in Amsterdam (d. 1685)
• 1639 Thomas Tompion, English clock maker (cylinder tunnel), born in Northill, Bedfordshire, England (d. 1713)
• 1658 Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish privy councillor, born in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland (d. 1703)
• 1683 Pieter Langendijk, Dutch painter, etcher and playwright (Wiskunstenaars), born in Haarlem, Netherlands (d. 1756)
• 1715 Immanuel J. Pyra, German poet (Temple of Real Poetry), born in Kottbus, Brandenburg, Germany(d. 1744)
• 1746 Bernardo de Gálvez, Spanish military leader and colonial administrator (Spanish Governor of Louisiana and Cuba, 1777-83, Viceroy of New Spain, 1785-6), born in Macharaviaya, Spain (d. 1786)
• 1750 Henry Knox, American general (Continental Army and later the United States Army), born in Boston, Massachusetts Bay (d. 1806)
• 1758 Elizabeth Hamilton, Scottish author (The cottagers of Glenburnie), born in Belfast, Ireland (d. 1816)
• 1761 Charlotte von Kalb, German writer, born in Saal an der Saale, Electorate of Bavaria (d. 1843)
• 1775 Anna Symmes Harrison, 9th 1st lady (1841), born in Morristown, New Jersey (d. 1864)
• 1795 James Barry [Margaret Ann Bulkley], female disguised as a man, surgeon general (British army), born in County Cork, Ireland (d. 1865)
• 1797 Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Cambridge, born in Offenbach, Germany (d. 1889)
• 1799 David Douglas, Scottish botanist, born in Scone, Perthshire, Scotland (d. 1834)
• 1804 Carlo Boncompagni di Mombello, Italian minister of Education, born in Turin, Italy (d. 1880)
• 1816 Christian Bernhard Tauchnitz, German publisher (T Edition), born in Unterkaka, Meineweh, Germany (d. 1895)
• 1822 Schuyler Hamilton, American Major General (Union Army), born in Putnam County, New York (d. 1903)
• 1824 Richard James Oglesby, American politician and Major General (Union Army), born in Oldham County, Kentucky (d. 1899)
• 1824 George B. Vashon, American, lawyer, academic and poet, first African American lawyer in NY, born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania (d. 1878)
• 1839 Francis Garnier, French explorer, born in Saint-Étienne, France (d. 1873)
• 1840 Flora Adams Darling, American writer and historian, founded Daughters of American Revolution, born in Lancaster, New Hampshire (d. 1910)

• 1857 Frank Sprague, American inventor who installed the first U.S. electric trolley system in Richmond, Virgina, born in Milford, Connecticut (d. 1934)
• 1860 Princess Louise Margaret, Duchess of Connaught, born in Potsdam, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1917)
• 1861 Andrew Cowper Lawson, Scottish-Canadian Geologist who was the first person to identify and name the San Andreas Fault, born in Anstruther ,Scotland (d. 1952)
• 1865 Jac[obus] P. Thijsse, Dutch biologist and educator (Contact with Plants), born in Maastricht, Netherlands (d. 1945)
• 1866 Frederick Frost Blackman, English botanist, born in London (d. 1947)
• 1867 Max Dauthendey, German painter and author (Ewige Hochzeit), born in Würzburg, Germany (d. 1918)
• 1867 Alexander Rummler, American painter, born in Dubuque, Iowa (d. 1959)
• 1870 Jan Derk Domela Nieuwenhuis Nyegaard, Dutch vicar (Young Flanders), born in Amsterdam (d. 1955)
• 1870 Maxfield Parrish, American painter and illustrator, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1966)
• 1874 Sergey Vasilyevich Lebedev, Russian Chemist who invented the first commercially viable and mass-produced synthetic rubber, born in Lublin, Poland (d. 1934)
• 1882 George S. Rentz, U.S. Navy Chaplain (awarded the Navy Cross during WW II), born in Lebanon, Pennsylvania (d. 1942)

• 1885 Benito Lynch, Irish-Argentine writer (Caranchos de la Florida), born in Buenos Aires, Argentina (d. 1951)
• 1894 Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian-Serb assassin of Archduke Ferdinand, born in Obljaj, Bosnia (d. 1918)
• 1896 Richard Gale, English general and airborne commander (Normandy), born in Wandsworth, London (d. 1982)
• 1900 Enrique Amorim, Uruguayan author (La victoria no viene sola), born in Salto, Uruguay (d. 1960)
• 1901 Walter Breedveld, Dutch writer (Een ship vergaat), born in Den Bosch, Netherlands (d. 1977)
• 1902 Eric Hoffer, American longshoreman and author (The True Believer), born in NYC, New York (d. 1983)
• 1905 Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-British author (Life-Terms, Nobel 1981), born in Ruse, Bulgaria (d. 1994)
• 1905 Denys Watkins-Pitchford, British writer and illustrator (The Little Grey Men), born in Lamport, Northamptonshire (d. 1990)
• 1908 Joseph Mitchell, American writer (Joe Gould's Secret), born in Fairmont, North Carolina (d. 1996)
• 1913 John Cairncross, British civil servant and spy (5th man - Cambridge Five), born in Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire, Scotland (d. 1995)
• 1915 David Napley, English solicitor, born in London (d. 1994)
• 1915 Enrique Fernando, Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court, born in Malate, Manila, Philippines (d. 2004)
• 1916 Lucien Saulnier, Canadian politician, born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (d. 1989)
• 1918 Jane Frank, American artist, born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1986)
• 1919 Hubert Booi, Bonairian poet (Golgotha, Muchila), born in Bonaire

• 1921 John Christopherson, English artist and collector, born in Blackheath, London (d. 1996)
• 1923 Maria Gripe, Swedish writer (Josephine), born in Vaxholm, Uppland, Sweden (d. 2007)
• 1924 Frank Church, American lawyer and politician (United States Senator from Idaho), born in Boise, Idaho (d. 1984)
• 1927 Midge Decter, American journalist and author (The Liberated Woman & Other Americans), born in Saint Paul, Minnesota
• 1927 Stanley Dancer, American harness racer (4 Hambletonians, 3 Trot Triple Crown), born in West Windsor Township, New Jersey (d. 2005)
• 1927 Sadiq Hussain Qureshi, Pakistani politician (8th Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan), born in Shimla, East Punjab British Raj (d. 2000)
• 1929 Somnath Chatterjee, Indian communist leader, born in Tezpur, India
• 1930 Alice Parizeau, Polish-born Quebec writer and essayist, born in Łuniniec, Poland (d. 1990)
• 1931 Kees [Cornelis Pieter] van Dijk, Dutch minister of the Interior, born in Rotterdam, Netherlands (d. 2008)
• 1932 Paul J. Weitz, American test pilot and NASA astronaut (Skylab 2, STS 6), born in Erie, Pennsylvania (d. 2017)
• 1935 Adnan Khashoggi, Saudi businessman (arms dealing), born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia (d. 2017)
• 1935 Lars Werner, Swedish communist leader, born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 2013)
• 1936 Glenn Murcutt, Australian architect (winner of Pritzker Architecture Prize 2002), born in London
• 1937 Colin Renfrew, English archeologist (Anatolian hypothesis), born in Stockton-on-Tees, England
• 1941 Peter Suschitzky, Polish-British cinematographer and photographer, born in London

• 1942 Felix Philipp Ingold, Swiss translator and writer, born in Basel, Switzerland
• 1944 Molly Bennett Aiken, founder (riding for the handicapped)
• 1946 José Areas, Nicaraguan percussionist (Santana), born in Leon, Nicaragua
• 1946 John Gibson, American media host (The John Gibson Show), born in Los Angeles, California
• 1948 Brian Stableford, British sci-fi author (Day of Wrath), born in Shipley, Yorkshire
• 1955 Bantubonke Holomisa, South African Minister of Defense of Transkei, born in Mqanduli, Eastern Cape
• 1955 Ritva Elomaa, Finnish bodybuilder and politician, born in Lokalahti, Finland
• 1957 Daniel W. Bursch, NASA astronaut (STS 51, 68, 77), born in Bristol, Pennsylvania
• 1957 Ray Billingsley, American comic strip cartoonist (Curtis), born in Wake Forest, North Carolina
• 1963 Denis Coderre, French Canadian politician, born in Joliette, Quebec, Canada
• 1966 Christine C. Quinn, American Democratic Party politician and Speaker of the New York City Council, born in Glen Cove, New York
• 1967 Tommy Skjerven, Norwegian football referee, born in Kaupanger, Norway
• 1970 Lord Nicholas Windsor, youngest son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, born in King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London
• 1973 Mur Lafferty, American podcaster and writer, born in Durham, North Carolina
• 1976 Jovica Tasevski-Eternijan, Macedonian poet, born in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
• 1978 Louise Brown, English woman who was the first person to be born through in vitro fertilization, born in Oldham, England

• 1554 Mary I of England (37) marries Prince Philip of Spain (27) (later Philip II) at Winchester Cathedral, England

• 306 Gaius Flavius V Constantius, under-emperor of Rome 297-306, dies
• 1409 King Martin I of Sicily (1390-1409), dies at about 35
• 1471 John Soreth, French general, dies
• 1492 Innocent VII, [Giovanni B Cibo], Italian Pope (1484-92), dies
• 1539 Lorenzo Campeggi(east), archbishop of Bologna/diplomat, dies at 65
• 1564 Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (1558-64), dies at 61
• 1570 Ivan Viskovati, chancellor of Russia, executed
• 1572 Isaac Luria, Jewish mystic (considered the founder of Kabbalah), dies at around 38 years of age
• 1580 Baltazar Alvarez, Spanish jesuit/writer, dies at 47
• 1593 Steven Haghen, navigator/governor of Ambon (1617-18), dies at 61
• 1616 Andreas Libavius, German alchemist, dies
• 1624 Steven van der Haghen, admiral/gov on Ambon 1617-8, dies at about 61
• 1643 Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English statesman (b. 1584)
• 1676 François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac, French writer, dies at 71
• 1681 Urian Oakes, English-born President of Harvard University (b. 1631)
• 1721 Geleyn Evertsen, lt-admiral of Zealand, dies at 66
• 1739 Johannes van der Hagen, Dutch vicar and genealogist, dies at 73
• 1759 Theodoor Verhaegen, Flemish sculptor, dies at 59
• 1790 Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer, dies at 66
• 1790 William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1723)
• 1791 Isaac Low, American Continental Congressman (b. 1735)
• 1794 Andrea-Marie Chenier, French poet (Avis aux Francais sur leurs), dies
• 1804 William Forsyth, English gardening expert (Forsythia), dies
• 1826 Pavel Ivanovich Pestel, Russian officer, hanged at 33 [OS Jul 13]
• 1826 Kondraty Fyodorovich Ryleyev, Russian poet and revolutionary (b. 1795)

• 1842 Dominique Jean Larrey, French surgeon (b. 1766)
• 1843 Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and inventor (b. 1766)
• 1853 Joaquin Murieta, Mexican born Californian outlaw
• 1857 Joseph Napoleon Ney, French politician, dies at 54
• 1861 Jonas Furrer, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1805)
• 1864 Clement Hoffman Stevens, Us banker/inventor/Confederate brigadier general, dies at 42
• 1865 James Barry [Margaret Ann Bulkley], British military surgeon and the 1st woman in Great Britain to become a qualified medical doctor, dies at 66 or 67
• 1887 John Taylor, American religious leader (b. 1808)
• 1918 Carlos Guido y Spano, Argentine poet (Mexico, canto epico), dies
• 1918 Franiska zu Reventlow, writer, dies at 47
• 1927 Matilde Serao, [Tuffolina], Italian writer (Land of Cockayne), dies
• 1932 Cyriel Buysse, Flemish baron and writer (It Bolleken), dies at 72
• 1934 Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian chancellor assassinated by nazis
• 1934 François Coty, French perfume manufacturer, dies at 60
• 1934 Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist Insurrectionary leader, dies at 45
• 1944 Lesley J McNair, US Lieutenant General killed by friendly fire at St-Lo
• 1946 Narziss Oh, German psychology, dies
• 1958 Harry Warner, US movie pioneer (Warner Bros), dies at 81
• 1959 Isaac Halevi Herzog, chief rabbi of Israel (1936-59), dies at 71
• 1962 Thibaudeau Rinfret, Canadian jurist and Chief Justice (b. 1879)
• 1963 Ugo Cerletti, Italian neurologist (b. 1877)
• 1966 Frank O'Hara, American writer and poet, dies after being hit by a car at 40
• 1967 W Gombrowicz, writer, dies at 62

• 1982 Beene Dubbelboer, Dutch writer (Turfgasgenerator), dies at 76
• 1982 Hal Foster, Canadian-American cartoonist (Prince Valiant) (b. 1892)
• 1986 Vincente Minnelli, American director (Gigi, Goodbye Charlie), dies in LA at 76
• 1987 Malcolm Baldrige, American businessman and US Secretary of Commerce (1981-87), dies of internal injuries at 64
• 1987 Eric Mntonga, co-director of the Institute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa (IDASA), found on a dirt road a day after he had been detained at a police station
• 1987 Charles Stark "Doc" Draper, American Scientist and Engineer who headed the team that invented the Apollo Guidance Computer and inertial navigation technology for aircraft, space vehicles, and submarines, dies at 85
• 1989 Steve Rubell, American night club owner (b. 1943)
• 1991 Kaganovitch, Russian minister of Transport for Stalin, dies
• 1993 Vincent Joseph Schaefer, American chemist and meteorologist (cloud seeding), dies at 87
• 1995 Janice Elliott, English novelist, dies at 63
• 1996 Raymond O'Malley, English teacher, dies at 87
• 1997 Margaret Farrer, midwife, dies at 83
• 1998 Sal Santen, Dutch writer (You Are Jewish People), dies at 82
• 2002 Abdur Rahman Badawi, Egyptian existentialist philosopher (b. 1917)
• 2003 Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical engineer (b. 1912)
• 2006 Carl Brashear, first African-American U.S Navy Master Diver (b. 1931)
• 2007 Jesse Marunde, American strongman competitor (b. 1979)
• 2008 Randy Pausch, American professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, known for his "Last Lecture" (b. 1960)
• 2008 Tracy Hall, American inventor (b. 1919)
• 2008 Jeff Fehring, Australian rules footballer (b. 1955)
• 2009 Harry Patch, the last surviving soldier to have served in the trenches in World War I, dies at 111 (b. 1898)
• 2009 Stanley Middleton, British novelist (Holiday, Three Wise Men), dies at 89
• 2014 Salah Abu Hassanein, leader of Islamic Jihad's military wing, dies in Israeli airstrike
• 2014 Bel Kaufman, American author (Up the Down Staircase), dies at 103

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