On This Day in History for July 5

Events 1 - 100 of 142

• 649 St Martin I begins his reign as Catholic Pope
• 767 Duke of Nepi names his brother (leek) Pope Constantine II
• 1166 Austrian town of Bad Kleinkirchheim is first mentioned, in an ecclesiastical document
• 1294 Pietro del Murrone elected as Pope Coelestinus V
• 1295 Scotland and France form an alliance, the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England
• 1436 German emperor Sigismund signs peace with Hussieten
• 1450 Pope Nicolas V names Walraven van Meurs bishop of Munster
• 1596 English fleet under Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, captures Cadiz
• 1610 John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland
• 1626 Battle at Lenz: Rebel Austrian Boers defeated
• 1643 1st recorded tornado in US (Essex County, Massachusetts)

• 1750 Slave revolt on Curacao
• 1770 Battles of Chesma and Larga between the Russian and Ottoman Empires
• 1775 Second Continental Congress drafts the Olive Branch Petition to King George III
• 1791 Jose Maria Narvaez discovers Point Grey (now Vancouver, British Columbia)
• 1803 The convention of Artlenburg leads to the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king)
• 1807 Second Battle of Buenos Aires lost by invading British forces

• 1811 Venezuelan Declaration of Independence: 7 provinces declare themselves independent of Spain
• 1813 War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin
• 1814 Americans defeat British and Canadians at Chippewa, Ontario
• 1830 France invades Algeria, begins a 40 year conquest
• 1834 Provisional government forms in Oregon Country
• 1841 Thomas Cook opens first travel agency
• 1843 Committee of 9 appointed to establish civil government in Oregon Country

• 1859 Capt N C Brooks discovers Midway Islands
• 1861 Battle of Carthage, Missouri - US General Sigel attacks pro-secessionist
• 1863 Battle of Jackson, Mississippi and Battle of Birdsong Ferry, Mississippi
• 1864 Battle at Chattahoochee River, Georgia (Skirmish at Pace's Ferry) fought during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War
• 1864 Battle of Smith's Expedition, Mississippi (Tupelo, Harrisburg)
• 1865 Great Britain creates world's 1st speed limit law
• 1865 US Secret Service begins operating under the Treasury Department
• 1871 Trial against Kiowa chief Satanta (White Bear) and Big Tree, begins
• 1878 The coat of arms of the Baku governorate was established
• 1884 German consul-general Gustav Nachtigal takes possession of Cameroon
• 1884 US Congress accept 2nd Chinese Exclusion Act
• 1887 Columbia University 4's crew becomes first American boat to win at London's Henley Regatta (Visitors Challenge Cup)
• 1891 Hail kills 16 horses in Rapid City, South Dakota
• 1900 Compulsory education law passes Dutch 1st Chamber
• 1908 Niazi Bey, a chief organizer of the revolutionary movement in Turkey, raises the standard of revolt at Resna, Macedonia
• 1913 Queen Wilhelmina meets SDAP-leader Troelstra
• 1914 Germany offers Austria war aid to fight against Russia in Serbia
• 1922 1st general election in Netherlands
• 1922 Uprising of social righteousness in Rio de Janeiro
• 1922 Women 1st vote in Dutch elections, Christian parties win
• 1924 Military revolt in Sao Paulo, Brazil
• 1929 WOWO-AM, Indiana returns to air, 1 day after transmitter burns down
• 1932 António de Oliveira Salazar becomes the premier and dictator of Portugal (1932-1968), founding the authoritarian Estado Novo (New State) regime
• 1933 German party Catholic Center disbands


• 1934 "Bloody Thursday" - Police open fire on striking longshoremen in San Francisco
• 1935 1st "Hawaii Calls" radio program is broadcast

• 1936 120°F (49°C), Gannvalley, South Dakota (state record)
• 1937 117°F (47°C), Medicine Lake, Montana (state record)
• 1937 Republican offensive by Brunete in Spain
• 1937 Spam, the luncheon meat is first introduced into the market by the Hormel Foods Corporation
• 1938 Herb Caen's 1st column in San Francisco Chronicle
• 1940 Diplomatic relations broken between Britain and Vichy government in France
• 1941 German occupiers disband political parties
• 1942 1st performance of Heitor Villa-Lobos' Choros 6/9/11
• 1942 Ian Fleming graduates from a training school for spies in Canada
• 1943 Battle of Gulf of Kula
• 1943 Battle of Koersk, USSR begins (6,000 tanks)
• 1943 Liberator bombers sink U-535 in Gulf of Biskaye
• 1943 US invasion fleet (96 ships) sails to Sicily
• 1944 Harry Crosby takes 1st rocket airplane, MX-324, for maiden flight

• 1945 World War II: Liberation of the Philippines declared
• 1946 Louis Reard's bikini swimsuit design debuts at Paris fashion show
• 1948 Britain's National Health Service Act begins
• 1950 US forces enter combat in the Korean War for the first time, in the Battle of Osan
• 1950 Law of Return passes, guarantees all Jews right to live in Israel

• 1954 B-52A bomber makes its maiden flight
• 1955 Six week old British dock strike ends as London dockers return to work
• 1956 France raises tobacco tax 20% due to war in Algeria
• 1958 J Pengel forms government/Emanuels premier of Suriname
• 1958 First ascent of Gasherbrum I (Pakistani–Chinese border), 11th highest peak on earth
• 1959 Ben-Gurion's Israeli government resigns
• 1959 Indonesia restores constitution
• 1959 Jack Gelber's "Connection" premieres in NYC
• 1960 Mongolia adopts constitution
• 1961 80 die in collisions in Algiers
• 1962 96 murder at massacre in Oran, Algeria
• 1962 Algeria gains independence after 132 years of French rule
• 1966 NYC transit fare rises from 15 cents to 20 cents
• 1966 National Guard mobilizes in Omaha after 3rd night of rioting
• 1966 Saturn I rocket launched at Cape Kennedy
• 1967 Congo uprising under Belgian mercenary Jean Schramme
• 1968 "Manifest of 1000 words" published in Prague
• 1968 John Lennon sells his psychedelic painted Rolls-Royce
• 1970 Air Canada DC-8 crashes 7 miles from Toronto's airport killing 109
• 1970 20th Berlin International Film Festival cancelled due to controversy surrounding the participation of Michael Verhoeven's anti-war film "o.k."
• 1971 26th amendment to the US constitution certified (reduces voting age to 18)
• 1971 Simon Gray's "Butley" premieres in London
• 1972 Pierre Messmer appointed French premier
• 1972 Two Protestant brothers are found shot dead outside of Belfast (speculation that they were killed by Loyalists because they had Catholic girlfriends)
• 1973 Isle of Man begins issuing its own postage stamps

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• 1321 Joan of The Tower, Queen consort of Scotland, born in Tower of London, London (d. 1362)
• 1554 Elisabeth of Austria, Queen consort of France (1570-74), born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1592)
• 1586 Thomas Hooker, American colonial clergyman (known as "the father of Connecticut"), born in Marefield, Leicestershire, England (d. 1647)
• 1653 Thomas Pitt, British merchant and Governor of Madras, born in Blandford St. Mary, Dorset, England (d. 1726)
• 1675 Mary Walcott, American accuser at the Salem witch trials, born in Salem, Massacusetts (d. 1720)
• 1717 Pedro III, King of Portugal and the Algarves (1777-86) and consort of Queen Maria I of Portugal, born in Lisbon, Portugal (d. 1786)
• 1718 Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford, Viceroy of Ireland, born in Chelsea, London (d. 1794)
• 1793 Pavel Ivanovich Pestel, Russian officer, born in Moscow, Russia (d. 1826)
• 1794 Sylvester Graham, Minister and noted vegetarian (developed Graham cracker), born in Suffield, Connecticut (d. 1851)

• 1805 Robert FitzRoy, British naval officer and scientist, born in Ampton, Suffolk, England (d. 1865)
• 1810 P. T. [Phineas Taylor] Barnum, American circus promoter (Barnum & Bailey), born in Bethel, Connecticut (d. 1891)
• 1820 William John Macquorn Rankine, Scottish mechanical engineer and physicist, born in Edinburgh (d. 1872)
• 1828 Paul Gabriël, Dutch water colors painter and etcher, born in Amsterdam (d. 1903)
• 1829 Ignacio Mariscal, Mexican lawyer and diplomat (Secretary of Foreign Affairs), born in Oaxaca, Mexico (d. 1910)
• 1841 William C. Whitney, American financier and 31st United States Secretary of the Navy, born in Conway, Massachusetts (d. 1904)
• 1843 Mandell Creighton, British historian and a bishop of the Church of England, born in Carlisle, Cumbria, England (d. 1901)

• 1857 Clara Zetkin, German feminist, Socialist, and Communist leader, born in Wiederau, Saxony (d. 1933)
• 1860 Robert Bacon, American politician (39th United States Secretary of State), born in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts (d. 1919)

• 1868 William Henry Singer, American painter and collector (Singer Museum, Laren), born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (d. 1943)
• 1872 Édouard Herriot, French politician (served 3 times as Prime Minister of France), born in Troyes, France (d. 1957)

• 1881 August Hlond, Polish cardinal of the Roman Catholic church, born in Brzęczkowice, German Empire (d. 1948)
• 1882 Inayat Khan, Indian sufi (founder of the Sufi Order in the West (London) in 1914), born in Vadodra, Bombay State, British India (d. 1927).
• 1885 André Lhote, French painter and art historian (Traité du paysage), born in Bordeaux, France (d. 1962)
• 1886 Felix Timmermans, Flemish painter and illustrator (Pallieter), born in Lier, Belgium (d. 1947)
• 1886 Willem Drees, Dutch statesman of the Labour Party (PvdA) and Prime Minister of the Netherlands, born in Amsterdam (d. 1988)
• 1890 Frederick Lewis Allen, American social historian and editor of Harper's Magazine, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1954)
• 1891 John H. Northrop, American biochemist (crystallized enzymes (Nobel 1946)), born in Yonkers, New York (d. 1987)
• 1891 Tin Ujević, Croatian poet (Žedan kamen na studencu), born in Vrgorac, Austro-Hungarian Empire (d. 1955)
• 1899 Anna Arnold Hedgeman, African-American social activist (NYC cabinet), born in Marshalltown, Iowa (d. 1990)
• 1899 Marcel Achard, French playwright (Jean de la Lune), born in Sainte-Foy-lès-Lyon, France (d. 1974)
• 1900 Bernardus Johannes Alfrink, Dutch cardinal of Utrecht Netherlands, born in Nijkerk, Netherlands (d. 1987)
• 1901 Sergey Vladimirovich Obraztsov, Soviet puppet master, born in Moscow, Russia (d. 1992)
• 1902 Frank Waters, American writer, born in Colorado Springs, Colorado (d. 1995)
• 1902 Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., American politician (Sen-R) and ambassador (West Germany, Vietnam & UN), born in Nahant, Massachusetts (d. 1985)
• 1904 Harold Acton, English-Italian historian and art collector, born in Villa La Pietra, Florence, Italy (d. 1994)
• 1904 Ernst Mayr, German-American biologist (evolutionary theory), born in Kempten, Bavaria, Germany (d. 2005)
• 1909 Andrei Gromyko, Soviet politician (President of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), born in Staryya Hramyki, Mogilev Governorate, Russian Empire (d. 1989) [NS 7/18]
• 1910 Robert K Meston, US sociologist (functionalism)

• 1914 Jacob Soetendorp, Dutch rabbi, born in Amsterdam d. 1976)
• 1920 Mary Louise Hancock, American politician and activist, born in Franklin, New Hampshire (d. 2017)
• 1923 Arno Motulsky, German-born founder of medical genetics, known as the "father of pharmacogenomics," born in Fischhausen, East Prussia, Weimar Germany (d. 2018)
• 1924 Niels Jannasch, Canadian historian and museum curator, born in Holzminden, Germany (d. 2001)
• 1926 Haya van Someren-Downer, Dutch politician (2nd Member of parliament (Dutch Lib Party)), born in Amsterdam (d. 1980)
• 1927 W M Diggelmann, writer
• 1928 Pierre Mauroy, French politician (Prime Minister, 1981-4), (d. 2013)
• 1929 Mary Maxwell Gates, American businesswoman, philanthropist/mother of Bill Gates, born in Seattle, Washington (d. 1994)
• 1931 James "Jimmy the Gent" Burke, criminal
• 1932 Edgar Louis Vanderstegen Millington Drake, painter
• 1932 Gyula Horn, Hungarian prime minister (1994-8), (d. 2013)
• 1935 Edward McInnes, German scholar
• 1935 John Gilmore, American true crime author
• 1936 James Mirrlees, Scottish economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1937 Brooke Hayward, author (Haywire), born in Los Angeles, California
• 1937 Frouwke J. Laning-Boersema, Dutch politician (CDA) 2nd Chamber
• 1937 Nita M Lowey, (Rep-D-New York)
• 1940 Karen Shepherd, (Rep-D-Utah)
• 1940 Chuck Close, American painter and photographer
• 1941 Barbara Frischmuth, writer
• 1945 Dick Scoppettone, rocker
• 1945 Humberto Benítez Treviño, Mexican Politician and Attorney General of México.
• 1946 Pierre-Marc Johnson, Québécois lawyer, physician and politician
• 1946 Paul Smith, British fashion designer
• 1946 Gerardus 't Hooft, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laurete
• 1948 Julie Nixon Eisenhower, daughter of Richard Milhaus, born in Washington, D.C.
• 1952 David Dreier, (Rep-R-California, 1981- )
• 1952 Terence Tom Henricks, Bryan Oh, USAF/astronaut (STS 44, 55, 70, 78)
• 1954 Leni Björklund, Swedish politician
• 1957 David Hanson, British politician (L)
• 1958 Meredith Ann Pierce, American sci-fi author (Darkangel)
• 1958 William "Bill" Watterson, American cartoonist known for being author of the comic strip Calvin and Hobbes (1985-95), born in Washington, D.C.
• 1959 Veronica Guerin, journalist
• 1960 James M Kelly, American politician (Maryland), born in Baltimore County, Maryland
• 1964 Mark H Lascells, grandson of English princess Mary
• 1967 Silvia Ziche, Italian comics artist
• 1968 Ken Akamatsu, Japanese Manga artist, born in Tokyo
• 1968 John Ruskin a.k.a. Nardwuar the Human Serviette, Canadian journalist

• 1316 Infante Ferdinand of Majorca (b. 1278)
• 1375 Charles III of Alençon, French archbishop (b. 1337)
• 1472 Charles of Artois, Count of Eu, French military leader (b. 1394)
• 1539 Antonio M Zaccaria, Italian physician/saint, dies
• 1626 Stephan Fadinger, Austrian boer leader, dies in battle
• 1666 Albert VI of Bavaria (b. 1584)
• 1676 Carl Gustaf Wrangel, Swedish soldier (b. 1613)
• 1681 Fjodor Aleksejevitsj, tsar of Russia, dies
• 1715 Charles Ancillon, French Huguenot pastor (b. 1659)
• 1719 Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, Irish general (b. 1641)
• 1773 Francisco José Freire, Portuguese historian and philologist (b. 1719)

• 1833 Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor (b. 1765)
• 1851 Juanita, Mexican, lynched by California gold diggers
• 1859 Charles Cagniard de la Tour, French physicist (b. 1777)
• 1862 Heinrich Georg Bronn, German geologist (b. 1800)
• 1871 Cristina Trivulzio di Belgioioso, Italian princess and politician, dies at 63
• 1886 Henry Gerhard, founder (Social-Democratic Union), dies at 57
• 1887 August F Pott, German philological (That Personennamen), dies
• 1894 Betty Paoli, writer, dies
• 1904 Abai Kunanbaiuli, Kazakh poet (b. 1845)
• 1905 Carel V Gerritsen, free thinker, dies
• 1906 Paul Karl Ludwig Drude, German physicist (optics), committed suicide at 42
• 1907 Maria Anna Mahler, Gustav Mahler's eldest daughter, dies at 5
• 1908 Jonas Lie, Norwegian author (The Family at Gilje: A Domestic Story of the Forties), dies at 74
• 1911 George J Stoney, Irish physicist, dies at 85
• 1920 Max Klinger, German graphic artist/painter/sculptor, dies at 63
• 1927 Albrecht Kossel, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1853)
• 1932 Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (b. 1880)
• 1935 Daniel Plooy, Dutch new testament expert, dies at 58

• 1945 John Curtin, Victoria, 14th Prime Minister of Australia (Labor: 1941-45), dies of heart disease at 60
• 1948 G Bernanos, writer, dies at 60
• 1948 Piet Aalberse, Dutch minister of Labor (1918-25), dies at 77
• 1950 Private Kenneth Shadrick becomes the first identified American soldier killed in the Korean War
• 1950 Salvatore Giuliano, Sicilian bandit, shot by police
• 1957 Charles Sherwood Noble, American-born inventor
• 1965 Porfirio Rubirosa, Dominican diplomat and international playboy (b. 1909)
• 1966 George de Hevesy, Hungarian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885)
• 1969 Tom Mboya, Kenyian economics minister, assassinated in Narobi at 65
• 1969 Walter Gropius, architect/found (Bauhaus school of design), dies at 86
• 1983 Arie Querido, psychiatrist (social psychiatry), dies
• 1985 Gerard Schmook, Flemish literature historian/custodian, dies at 86
• 1990 Mitch Snyder, homeless advocate, commits suicide by hanging at 46
• 1991 Howard Nemerow, US poet laureate (Pulitzer), dies
• 1991 Mildred Dunnock, dies at 87
• 1993 Harrison E Salisbury, US journalist (NY Times), dies at 84
• 1994 Ad Gang, Dutch Liberal Party Asst Secretary of State, dies at 67
• 1995 Adrienne Keith Cohen, travel editor, dies at 69
• 1996 Anne Schumacher Hummert, radio pioneer, dies at 91
• 1996 Clyde Wiegand, physicist, dies at 81
• 1996 Lorna Young, salesperson, dies at 44
• 1996 Erik Wickberg, The Salvation Army general (b. 1904)
• 2004 Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (b. 1923)
• 2005 James Stockdale, U.S. Navy vice admiral (b. 1923)
• 2006 Kenneth Lay, American businessman (b. 1942)
• 2008 Hasan Doğan, 37th president of the Turkish Football Federation (b. 1956)
• 2011 Cy Twombly, American artist (b. 1928)
• 2014 Rosemary Murphy, American actress (Margaret-Lucas Tanner), dies from esophageal cancer at 89
• 2015 Yoichiro Nambu, Japanese-born American Physicist (Nobel Prize 2008), dies at 94
• 2016 Beatrice de Cardi, British archaeologist, dies at 102
• 2018 Saman Kunan, former Thai Navy SEAL, asphyxiates after delivering oxygen to 13 trapped people in Tham Luang Nang Non cave, Thailand at 38

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