Events in History
- 1124 Tyrus surrenders to Crusaders
- 1438 King Charles VII issues the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges stating that a General Church Council with superior power to the Pope must be held every 10 years
Event of Interest
1456 A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
Joan of Arc
Victory in Battle
1520 Battle of Otumba, Mexico: Hernán Cortés and the Tlaxcalans defeat a numerically superior Aztec force
Hernán Cortés
- 1534 European colonization of the Americas: first known exchange between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick
- 1543 French troops invade Luxembourg
- 1550 Traditional date Chocolate thought to have been introduced to Europe
- 1585 King Henri III and Duke De Guise signs Treaty of Nemours: French Huguenots lose all freedoms
- 1647 People's uprising against high prices and Spanish rule in Naples
Event of Interest
1668 Isaac Newton receives MA from Trinity College, Cambridge
Isaac Newton
- 1753 British parliament grants Jews citizenship
- 1754 Kings College in NYC opens (renamed Columbia College)
- 1768 Firm of Johann Buddenbrook founded, in Thomas Mann's novel
- 1777 American Revolutionary War: Battle of Hubbardton
- 1798 Quasi-War: the U.S. Congress rescinds treaties with France sparking the 'war'
- 1799 Ranjit Singh's men take up their positions outside Lahore
Event of Interest
1801 Toussaint Louverture declares Haitian independence
Toussaint Louverture
- 1802 1st comic book "The Wasp" is published in Hudson, New York criticizing Republican politicians
Napoleon Meets the Tsar
1807 First Treaty of Tilsit signed by Napoleon I of France, and Alexander I of Russia
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- 1814 Walter Scott's novel "Waverley" published
- 1838 Central American federation is dissolved
- 1850 Scottish explorer Edward Eyre reaches Albany, Western Australia
- 1861 Battle of Laurel Hill, Virginia
- 1862 Land Grant Act endows state colleges with federal land
- 1863 1st military draft by US (exemptions cost $100)
Event of Interest
1863 Orders barring Jews from serving under US General Ulysses S. Grant are revoked
Ulysses S. Grant
Execution of Lincoln's Assassins
1865 Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold and George Atzerodt are executed for their role in the conspiracy to assassinate US President Abraham Lincoln
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- 1874 27th Postmaster General: James W Marshall of NJ takes office
Event of Interest
1875 Jesse James robs train in Otterville, Missouri
Jesse James
- 1876 Hamburg massacre: white farmers attack a black militia in Hamburg, South Carolina with 7 killed
- 1878 Social-Democratic United forms in Amsterdam
- 1891 Marcellus F. Berry, an American Express employee is granted four copyrights for what he called "the travelers cheque"
- 1892 Katipunan: the Revolutionary Philippine Brotherhood is established leading to the fall of the Spanish Empire in Asia
- 1898 US President McKinley signs the Organic Act to annex Hawaii
- 1905 127°F (53°C), Parker Ariz (state record)
Presidential Convention
1908 The Democratic Party meets in Denver at the start of their convention; William Jennings Bryan is nominated as presidential nominee
William Jennings Bryan
Historic Invention
1928 Sliced bread sold for the first time by the Chillicothe Baking Company, Missouri, using a machine invented by Otto Frederick Rohwedder. Described as the greatest forward step in the baking industry since bread was wrapped.
Otto Frederick Rohwedder
- 1929 Romania & Vatican sign concord
Herbert Hoover
- 1937 Japanese and Chinese troops clash at the Marco Polo Bridge, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War
- 1941 Nazis execute 5,000 Jews in Kovono, Lithuania
- 1941 US forces land in Iceland to forestall Nazi invasion
- 1941 World War II: Beirut is occupied by Free France and British troops
- 1942 Germany troop march into Woronezj
Knighthood
1942 John Maynard Keynes takes his seat in the British House Of Lords as Baron Keynes of Tilton after being knighted
John Maynard Keynes
Event of Interest
1943 -10] Japanese premier Hideki Tojo visits Java
Hideki Tojo
- 1943 3rd day of battle at Kursk: Germans occupy Dubrova
- 1943 Erich Hartmann shoots 7 Russian aircraft at Kursk
- 1943 Liberator bombers sinks U-517
- 1943 German Submarine U-951 sunk by depth charges, off Cape St. Vincent in the North Atlantic
- 1944 RAF Bomber Command drop 2,572 tons of bombs on Caen, France
- 1944 Heavy Japanese counter offensive on Saipan
- 1946 Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini canonized as 1st American saint
- 1947 Alleged and disputed Roswell UFO incident
- 1948 6 female reservists become 1st women sworn into regular US Navy
- 1950 Korean War: UN Security Council establishes the United Nations Command to combat North Korean forces
- 1950 1st Farnborough airshow held
- 1952 SS United States cross Atlantic in record 82:40
Event of Interest
1953 Che Guevara sets out on a trip through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and El Salvador
Che Guevara
Event of Interest
1958 President Eisenhower signed a bill approving Alaskan statehood
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Event of Interest
1966 Obscenity ban for "Naked Lunch" by William S. Burroughs overturned by the Massachusetts Supreme Court after testimony by Allen Ginsberg and Norman Mailer
- 1968 France performs nuclear test at Mururoa atoll
- 1969 Canada's House of Commons approves equality of French-English language
- 1969 German newspaper Der Spiegel reveals Bishop Defregger of Munich is a war criminal
- 1972 1st women FBI members sworn in (Susan Lynn Roley & Joanne E Pierce)
- 1972 Dutch Minister of Agt decides to ignore soft drug usage
- 1972 Secret Talks Between IRA and British Government: Gerry Adams is part of a delegation to London for talks with the British Government
- 1972 7 people are killed in separate incidents across Northern Ireland
- 1973 78 drown as flash flood sweeps a bus into a river (India)
- 1973 All women board of directors takes control of ABA's Kentucky Colonels
- 1973 Shoelace Park in the Bronx named
- 1976 119 women joined the Corps of Cadets, establishing the first class of women in the US Military Academy at West Point
- 1976 Lt General Vernon A Walters, USA, ends term as deputy director of CIA; succeeded by E Henry Knoche
- 1977 12,000 police occupy university in Mexico City
- 1978 Solomon Islands declares independence from UK
- 1979 USSR performs nuclear test at Eastern Kazakh/Semipalitinsk USSR
- 1980 Jim King completes riding Miracle Strip Roller coaster 368 hours
- 1980 Institution of Sharia law in Iran
- 1980 The Safra massacre in Lebanon
- 1981 The solar-powered aircraft, Solar Challenger, successfully completes a 163 mile flight across the English Channel
Event of Interest
1981 Sandra Day O'Connor nominated for the Supreme Court, 1st female Supreme Court justice
Sandra Day O'Connor
Birthdays in History
- 1053 Emperor Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1129)
- 1119 Emperor Sutoku of Japan (d. 1164)
- 1528 Anna of Austria, Duchess of Bavaria, daughter of Ferdinand I (d. 1590)
- 1586 Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English statesman (d. 1646)
- 1656 Guru Har Krishan, 8th Guru of Sikhism (d. 1664)
- 1752 Joseph-Marie Jacquard, invented programmable loom
- 1806 Michele Amari, Italian historian/minister of Education
- 1813 William Scott Ketchum, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Norwalk, Connecticut (d. 1871)
- 1816 Isaac Fitzgerald Shepard, American General (Union Army), born in Natick, Massachusetts on (d. 1889)
- 1824 Alfred Pleasonton, American Major General (Union Army), born in Washington, D.C. (d. 1897)
- 1827 James Murrell Shackelford, American lawyer, judge, and Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Lincoln County, Kentucky (d. 1909)
- 1827 William Montague Browne, Brigadier General (Confederate Army)
Camillo Golgi
1843 Camillo Golgi, Italian physician and medical researcher (Nobel Prize in Medicine-1906), born in Corteno, Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia, Austrian Empire (d. 1926)
Camillo Golgi
Otto Frederick Rohwedder
1880 Otto Frederick Rohwedder, American engineer (invented the bread-slicing machine), born in Davenport, Iowa (d. 1960)
Otto Frederick Rohwedder
- 1884 Lion Feuchtwanger, German dramatist (d. 1958)
- 1887 Dirk Koster, literary (New Noises)
- 1893 Miroslav Krleža, Croatian writer (d. 1981)
- 1900 Earle E. Partridge, United States Air Force general (d. 1990)
- 1904 Simone Beck, French chef (d. 1991)
- 1906 Harry Von Zell, sidekick (George Burns Show)
- 1906 William Feller, Croatian mathematician (d. 1970)
- 1907 Helene Johnson, American Harlem Renaissance poet, born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1995)
- 1907 Robert A[nson] Heinlein, American sci-fi author (4 Hugos, Red Planet)
- 1908 Evert W Beth, Dutch mathematician/philosopher
- 1908 Harriette Arnow, Wayne Co, Ky, novelist (Dollmaker)
- 1908 Revilo P. Oliver, American professor (d. 1994)
- 1915 Margaret Walker Alexander, poet/novelist (For My People)
- 1916 Luc Peire, Flemish painter and graphic artist
- 1917 Lawrence F O'Brien, (Watergate conspirators broke into his office)
- 1917 Fidel Sánchez Hernández, Salvadoran politician (d. 2003)
- 1919 William Moses Kunstler, defense attorney (Chicago 8)
- 1921 Adolf von Thadden, German politician (d. 1996)
- 1923 Richard Lumley, English insurance magnate/multi-millionaire
- 1925 Yvonne Mitchell, writer (Johnny Nobody, Genghis Khan), born in London, England
- 1925 Wally Phillips, American radio personality (d. 2008)
- 1926 Nuon Chea [Lau Kim Korn], Cambodian revolutionary and Khmer Rouge leader 'Brother Number Two', born in Battambang, Cambodia (d. 2019)
- 1927 Alan J Dixon, (Sen-D-IL, 1981- )
- 1928 Ali Sadikin, Indonesian politician and governor of Jakarta (1966-77), born in Sumedang, West Java, Dutch East Indies (d. 2008)
- 1929 Marcel Liebman, Belgian historian
- 1929 Reinhard Baumgart, German writer and critic, born in Breslau, Silesia (d. 2003)
- 1929 Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet (d. 2005)
- 1931 David Eddings, American sci-fi author (Belgariad, Malloreon)
- 1934 Robert McNeill Alexander, British zoologist (estimated speed of dinosaurs, born in Lisburn, Northern Ireland (d. 2016)
- 1937 Carroll Hubbard Jr, American politician (Rep-D-KY, 1975-93), born in Murray, Kentucky
- 1940 Richard K Armey, American economist and politician (US House of Representatives (R) - Texas, 1985-2003), born in Cando, North Dakota
- 1940 Samuel Little, American serial killer (confessed to 93 murders), born in Reynolds, Georgia (d. 2020) [1]
- 1941 Michael Howard, British politician
- 1945 Michael Ancram, British politician
- 1947 Felix Standaert, Belgian diplomat
- 1947 Howard Rheingold, American author
- 1947 Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev, King of Nepal
- 1954 Steve Gilchrist, Canadian politician (Cabinet Minister and Member of Provincial Parliament, in Ontario), born in Toronto, Ontario
- 1958 Michala Petri, Danish recorder player born in Hobro, Denmark
- 1959 Ben Linder, American engineer, born in California (d. 1987)
- 1960 Kevin A. Ford, American astronaut, born in Portland, Indiana
- 1962 Shawn Paddock, American rocker (Red Rockers)
- 1966 Neil Tobin, American magician, born in Chicago, Illinois
- 1967 Jason R. Rich, American writer (Celebrity Teen Talk), born in Irvington, New York
- 1968 Jeff VanderMeer, American writer, born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania
- 1971 Alistair Potts, British rower, born in Chertsey, United Kingdom
- 1973 Natsuki Takaya, Japanese manga-ka, born in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
- 1975 Michael Voss, Australian rules footballer, born in Traralgon, Australia
- 1977 Felix Vasquez, New York City Housing Authority employee
- 1983 Justin Davies, Australian rules footballer
Weddings in History
Wedding of Interest
1932 Author Damon Runyon (51) weds Patrice Amati del Grande
Damon Runyon
Wedding of Interest
1946 39th US President Jimmy Carter (21) weds Rosalynn Smith (18) in Plains, Georgia
Jimmy Carter
- 2006 Three-time "Survivor" contestant Stephenie LaGrossa (26) weds Michael Ward in Seaside Heights, New Jersey
- 2007 Celebrity chef Wolfgang Puck (57) weds handbag designer Gelila Assefa (38) in a three-day celebration on the Italian island of Capri
- 2012 "The Office" Ellie Kemper (32) weds former "Conan O'Brien" writer Michael Koman at the Blessed Sacrament Roman Catholic Church in New York City
- 2016 "Million Dollar Listing New York" realtor Ryan Serhant (32) weds lawyer Emilia Bechrakis on the island of Corfu in Greece
Deaths in History
- 1348 John Andreae, Italian canonist, dies
- 1537 Madeleine of Valois, French princess who briefly became Queen of Scotland after marrying James V, dies only six months after the wedding at 16
- 1572 Sigismund II Augustus, King of Poland (1548-72), dies at 51
- 1573 Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect, dies at 65
- 1647 Thomas Hooker, American colonial clergyman (known as "the father of Connecticut"), dies at 61
- 1694 Dokusho, Zen teacher, Obaku line, dies
- 1701 William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)
- 1713 Henry Compton, Bishop of Oxford and privy councillor (b. 1632)
- 1764 William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician (b. 1683)
- 1771 Thomas Gray, English poet (Elegy), dies at 54
- 1773 Cornelis Douwes, Dutch mathematician and astronomer, dies at 60
- 1776 Jeremiah Markland, English classical scholar (b. 1693)
- 1790 Franciscus "Frans" Hemsterhuis, Frisian philosopher, dies at 68
- 1799 William Curtis, English botanist (Botanical Magazine), dies at 53
- 1816 Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish playwright (The Rivals, The School for Scandal) and Whig MP, dies at 64
- 1855 Konstantin Batyushkov, Russian poet (b. 1787)
- 1861 John Willis Ellis, US governor of NC (1858-61), dies
- 1865 Lewis Powell, American Confederate soldier who was part of the conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln and who attempted to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward, executed by hanging at 21
- 1865 David Herold, American pharmacist's assistant who was part of the conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln, executed by hanging at 23
- 1865 George Atzerodt, American conspirator who failed to attempt an assassination of Vice President Andrew Johnson on the night Abraham Lincoln was murdered, executed by hanging at 30
- 1865 Mary Surratt, American boarding house owner who was part of the conspiracy to assassinate Abraham Lincoln, executed by hanging at 42 or 45. She becomes the first woman executed by the US government.
- 1868 Edward Coles, American anti-slavery advocate and politician (Governor of Illinois, 1822-26), dies at 81
- 1878 Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev, Russian mathematician (b. 1847)
Henri Nestlé
1890 Henri Nestlé, German-Swiss industrialist (founder of Nestlé), dies from heart attack at 75
Henri Nestlé
- 1899 George Washington Julian, American politician, U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana, dies at 82
- 1901 Johanna Spyri, Swiss children's book author (Heidi), dies at 74
- 1913 Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General, dies at 71
- 1919 Paul Deusen, German philosopher/CEO (Schopenhauer-Gesellschaft), dies
- 1922 Cathal Brugha, Chief of Staff of Irish Republican Army (b.1874)
- 1925 Clarence Hudson White, American photographer, dies at 54
- 1927 Gösta Mittag-Leffler, Swedish mathematician (b. 1846)
Arthur Conan Doyle
1930 Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer (Sherlock Holmes), dies at 71
Arthur Conan Doyle
- 1932 Alexander Grin, Russian novelist (Jessie and Morgiana), dies at 51
- 1932 Henry Eyster Jacobs, American Lutheran theologian, dies at 87
- 1933 John M. Acket, Dutch literary (New Friends), dies at 70
- 1944 Erich Salomon, German photographer, dies at 58
- 1944 Georges Mandel [Louis Rothschild], French politician and resistance leader, is executed by the Milice at 59
- 1945 Salomėja Nėris [Salomėja Bačinskaitė-Bučienė], Lithuanian poet, dies of cancer at 40
- 1956 Gottfried Benn, German poet and essayist, dies at 70
- 1965 Moshe Sharett, 2nd Prime Minister of Israel (1954-55), dies at 70
- 1966 Carmelita Geraghty, dies of heart attack at 65
- 1970 Allen Lane, English publisher and founder of Penguin Books, dies at 67
- 1970 Dame Laura Knight, English impressionist artist, dies at 92
- 1971 Claude Gauvreau, Canadian writer (b. 1925)
- 1971 Ub Iwerks, American artist, director, and cartoonist (b1901)
- 1972 Athenagoras, 268th patriarch of Constantinople, dies
- 1972 King Talal of Jordan (b. 1909)
- 1973 Max Horkheimer, German philosopher and sociologist (Studies in prejudice), dies at 78
- 1975 Jacob Bjerknes, Norwegian-American meteorologist (USAF in London), dies at 77
- 1976 Gustav Heinemann, President of West Germany (1969-74), dies at 76
- 1981 Peace Pilgrim [Mildred Lisette Norman], American peace activist, dies at 72
- 1983 Herman Kahn, US futurist/nuclear strategist, dies at 71
- 1983 Vicki Morgan, American mistress (Beautiful Bad Girl), murdered at 30
- 1990 Bill Cullen, game show host (Price is Right), dies at 70 of cancer
- 1990 Hugo Enomiya-Lassalle, German Jesuit priest and Buddhism Zen teacher, dies at 92
- 1992 Ruurd Faber, Dutch politician and Mayor of Aalten (1971-75), dies at 79
- 1994 Rosa Chacel, spanish Novelist, dies at 96
- 1994 Carlo Chiti, Italian race car engineer (b. 1924)
- 1995 Gabor Ormai, viola Player, dies at 40
- 1995 Geoffrey Freeman Allen, railway writer, dies at 73
- 1996 Albrecht Luitpold Ferdinand Michael, duke of Bavaria, dies at 91
- 1998 Brigadier Theuns Swanepoel, South African Security Police notorious for ordering the police to shoot at protesting school children in 1976, 70
- 1998 Moshood Abiola, 1993 Nigerian presidential election candidate and presumed winner of the inconclusive election, dies in detention at 60
- 1999 Captain Vikram Batra, Indian Army officer, awarded Param Vir Chakra (September 9,1974)
- 2000 Mary Armour, Scottish painter, dies at 80
- 2001 Edward Fiennes-Clinton, Australian-born 18th Earl of Lincoln, dies at 88
- 2002 Dhirubhai Ambani, Indian business tycoon (b. 1933)
- 2006 Juan de Ávalos, Spanish sculptor (b. 1911)
- 2006 John Money, Sexologist (b. 1921)
- 2007 Dame Anne McLaren, British biologist and leading researcher on human in vitro fertilisation (IVF), dies at 80
- 2008 Bruce Conner, American artist (b. 1933)
- 2008 Hugh Mendl, British record executive (Decca/Deram Records), dies at 88 [1]
- 2013 Donald J. Irwin, American politician (32nd Mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut), dies from heart failure at 86
- 2014 Richard "Dick" Jones, American actor ("Pinocchio "- Pinocchio, The Frontiersman), dies at 87
- 2019 Greg Johnson, Canadian hockey center (Nashville Predators captain 2002-06), dies at 48
- 2021 Jovenel Moïse, Haitian politician, President of Haiti (2017-21), assassinated at 53
- 2021 Carlos Reutemann, Argentine auto racer (World F1 Drivers C'ship 1981 runner-up; 3 x third) and politician (governor of Santa Fe 2003-21), dies from a digestive hemorrhage at 79