Events in History
Event of Interest
1561 King Philip II of Spain forbids Spanish settlements in Florida
Philip II of Spain
Event of Interest
1780 British Major John Andre reveals Benedict Arnold's plot to betray West Point
Benedict Arnold
Event of Interest
1806 Lewis and Clark return to St Louis from Pacific Northwest
William Clark
Meriwether Lewis
- 1818 Border demarcation markers for Moresnet formally installed.
- 1821 Fall of Tripolitsa, Greek forces massacre 30,000 Turks during Greek War of Independence
- 1830 Dutch troops occupy Brussels
- 1835 HMS Beagle sails to Charles Island in Galapagos archipelago
- 1845 Hunger strike in Hague
- 1846 Johann Gottfried Galle & Heinrich d'Arrest find Neptune
- 1857 Russian warship Leffort disappears in a storm in the Gulf of Finland; 826 die
- 1862 Lincoln's Emancipation is published in Northern Newspapers
The German Empire
1862 Otto von Bismarck appointed Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of Prussia by King Wilhelm I
Otto von Bismarck
- 1863 Confederate siege of Chattanooga begins
- 1868 Grito de Lares proclaims Puerto Rico's independence (crushed by Spain)
- 1876 Ottawa Rough Riders play their 1st game
- 1877 Hurricane strikes Curacao & Bonaire kills 200
- 1879 Baldwin steam motors tram 1st tried in Sydney Australia
- 1879 Richard Rhodes invented a hearing aid called the Audiophone
- 1880 Jules Ferry forms French government
- 1884 American Herman Hollerith patents his mechanical tabulating machine, the beginning of data processing
- 1889 Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda
- 1890 Ed Cartwright bats in 7 RBIs in 1 inning
- 1895 French labor union CGT (Confederation Generale du Travail) forms
- 1897 1st frontier days rodeo celebration (Cheyene Wyoming)
- 1904 Francis Younghusbands leaves Lhasa, Tibet
- 1905 Mbunga-siege of Fort Mahenge German East-Africa broken
- 1907 Proclamation sets fineness & weight of silver & bronze coins of Canada
- 1908 University of Alberta opens
- 1911 Earl Ovington becomes 1st air mail pilot
- 1913 Roland Garros is 1st to fly over Mediterranean Sea
- 1913 Serbian troops march into Albania
- 1913 Women protests take place in the Free State, South Africa, led by Charlotte Maxeke, resisting government attempts to impose passes on women; passes are burnt in front of the municipal offices
- 1920 Alexander Millerand elected president of France
- 1920 Despite Japanese protests, China withdraws recognition of Tsarists representatives in China
- 1922 Berthold Brecht's "Drum in the Night" premieres in Germany
- 1922 Gdynia Seaport Construction Act passed by the Polish parliament.
- 1923 80,000 demonstrate in Amsterdam against Fleet law
- 1925 George Kaufman's "Butter & Egg Man" premieres in NYC
Event of Interest
1938 British premier Neville Chamberlain flies to Munich
Neville Chamberlain
Event of Interest
1940 Dutch nazi collaborator Mussert's 1st meeting with Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Event of Interest
1940 Dutch artist Piet Mondrian leaves Europe for New York, where he lives for the rest of his life
Piet Mondrian
- 1941 General de Gaulle forms government in exile in London
- 1941 German air raid on Soviet naval base at Kronstadt (battleship Marat sinks)
- 1941 The first gas murder experiments are conducted at Auschwitz. concentration camp
- 1942 Soviet counter offensive at Stalingrad
- 1942 Transport #36 departs with French Jews to nazi-Germany
- 1944 Proclamation No. 30 was issued, declaring the existence of a state of war between the Philippines and the United States and the United Kingdom
Event of Interest
1949 US President Harry Truman announces evidence of USSR's 1st nuclear device detonation
Harry Truman
Nobel Prize
1950 Nobel peace prize awarded to Ralph Bunche for mediation in Israel - 1st African American winner
Ralph Bunche
Event of Interest
1952 Richard Nixon makes his "Checker's" speech
Richard Nixon
- 1955 Pakistan signs Pact of Baghdad
Murder of Interest
1955 All white jury finds Roy Brant and John William Milam not guilty of the brutal murder of black teenager Emmett Till in Sumner, Mississippi, in landmark case that would help inspire civil rights movement in the US
Emmett Till
Little Rock Crisis
1957 White mob forces 9 black students enrolled at Little Rock's Central High School in Arkansas to withdraw
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Event of Interest
1957 President Dwight D. Eisenhower orders US troops to support integration of nine black students at Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 1958 Great Britain performs atmospheric nuclear test at Christmas Island
- 1958 Stravinsky's "Thieni" premieres in Venice
- 1958 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1959 Australia's first passenger roll on/roll off diesel ferry, the MS Princess of Tasmania makes her maiden voyage across Bass Strait
- 1962 Martin Walser's "Esche und Angora" premieres in Berlin
- 1962 NY's Philharmonic Hall (since renamed Avery Fisher Hall) opens as 1st unit of Lincoln Center for Performing Arts
- 1963 Georgette Ciselet is 1st woman on Belgian Council of State
- 1967 Greek Colonels' regime frees ex-Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou
- 1967 Radio Malta stops testing
- 1970 Abdul Razak bin Hussain becomes premier of Malaysia
- 1970 Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Arthur Young announces his resignation
Event of Interest
1971 Jan Vermeer's painting "The Love Letter" is stolen from The Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels by a 21 year old thief
Jan Vermeer
- 1971 2 members of the Official Irish Republican Army are killed in a premature bomb explosion
Event of Interest
1972 Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos announces state of emergency and declares martial law
Ferdinand Marcos
Election of Interest
1973 Argentine General Elections - former Argentine President Juan Perón returns to power
Juan Perón
Summit of Interest
1978 100,000 cheering Egyptians welcome Anwar Sadat home from Camp David peace summit
Anwar Sadat
- 1979 Somali constitution approved by president
- 1980 Big Thunder Mountain Railroad opens
- 1982 Amin Gemayel sworn in as President of Lebanon
- 1982 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1983 Argentine military regime gives amnesty to military and political assassins
- 1983 Columbia moves to Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center (Florida), for mating in preparation of STS-9
- 1986 Astro Jim Deshaies strikes out 1st 8 Dodger of game (ends with 10)
- 1986 Congress selects the rose as US national flower
Event of Interest
1987 Nigerian President Ibrahim Babangida creates two states: Akwa Ibom and Katisna
Ibrahim Babangida
Birthdays in History
Euripides
480 BC Euripides, Greek playwright (Medea), born in Salamis, Greece (d. 406 BC)
Euripides
Augustus Caesar
63 BC Augustus Caesar [Gaius Octavius], First Roman Emperor (27 BC-14 AD), born in Rome, Roman Republic (d. 14 AD)
Augustus Caesar
Kublai Khan
1215 Kublai Khan, Mongol Emperor (1260-94) and founder of the Yuan dynasty in China (1271-94), born in Monoglia (d. 1294)
Kublai Khan
- 1434 Yolande of Valois, Duchess of Savoy (d. 1478)
- 1555 Louise de Coligny, French 4th wife of Willem of Orange
- 1596 Joan Blaeu, cartographer/publisher
- 1598 Eleonore Gonzaga, wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1655)
- 1605 Daniel von Czepko, German poet
- 1641 Adrian "Aart" van Wijck, theologist (against jansenisme)
- 1647 Joseph Dudley, American statesman (d. 1720)
- 1650 Jeremy Collier, English bishop (d. 1726)
- 1712 Ferdinand VI, the wise, King of Spain (1746-59)
- 1740 Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1813)
- 1745 John Sevier, Tennessee, indian fighter (Gov/Rep-Tn)
- 1768 William Wallace, Scottish mathematician (Rights of Wallace)
- 1771 Emperor Kokaku of Japan (d. 1840)
- 1781 Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1860)
- 1791 Johann F Encke, German astronomer (Encke Comet)
- 1791 Karl T Korner, German poet (Zriny, Leyer und Schwerdt)
- 1795 Alexander Twilight, minister and politician, first African American to graduate and to hold public office, born in Corinth Vermont (d. 1857)
- 1800 William H McGuffey, educator (McGuffey Readers)
- 1804 David Van de Kellen, coin engraver
- 1805 Matthew Adams Stickney, Rowley Mass, numismatist
- 1816 Elihu Benjamin Washburne, MC (Union), (d. 1887)
- 1816 Julius White, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Cazenovia, New York (d. 1890)
- 1819 Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist (d. 1896)
- 1820 Thomas Kilby Smith, American lawyer, diplomat and Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Boston, Massachusetts (d. 1887)
Victoria Woodhull
1838 Victoria Woodhull, American civil rights activist (1872 presidential candidate, woman's suffrage movement), born in Homer, Ohio (d. 1927)
Victoria Woodhull
- 1852 William Stewart Halsted, established 1st US surgical school
- 1853 Marcel Planiol, French private law scholar
- 1854 Cornelis W Lely, Dutch engineer/Governor of Suriname (1902-05)
- 1856 William Archer, Scotland, writer (Green Goddess)
- 1861 Robert Bosch, German inventor and industrialist (d. 1942)
- 1863 Alexandre Yersin, Swiss French bacteriologist (discovered bubonic plague bacillus), born in Aubonne, Switzerland (d. 1943)
- 1863 Mary Church Terrell, civil rights activist
- 1864 Draga Mašin, Queen of Serbia (d. 1903)
- 1865 Emmuska Orczy, Tarnaörs Hungary, Hungarian-born British writer (Scarlet Pimpernel)
Typhoid Mary
1869 Mary Mallon, Irish-American patient ('Typhoid Mary') 1st person in the US known to be immune to typhoid, and carrier of the disease (infected at least 51 people in New York City), born in Cookstown, Ireland (d. 1938)
Typhoid Mary
Walter Lippmann
1889 Walter Lippmann, American journalist/political writer (Public Opinion), born in NYC, New York
Walter Lippmann
Friedrich Paulus
1890 Friedrich Paulus, German field marshal who commanded the 6th Army at Stalingrad and was the highest-ranking German officer to surrender, born in Guxhagen, Germany (d. 1957)
Friedrich Paulus
- 1894 Kornelis H Miskotte, theologist (Edda & Thora)
- 1895 Miron Merzhanov, Soviet architect (d. 1975)
- 1897 Paul Delvaux, Belgian surrealist painter, born in Wanze, Belgium (d. 1994)
- 1899 Louise Nevelson, sculptor (Sky Cathedral), born in Kiev, Ukraine
- 1900 Bill Stone, British serviceman; one of the last surviving veterans of World War I
- 1901 Adriaan Pitlo, Dutch lawyer, born in Antwerp (d. 1987)
- 1901 Jaroslav Seifert, Czech poet (Nobel 1984)
- 1902 Su Buqing, Chinese mathematician and educator (d. 2003)
- 1904 Meyer Schapiro, Lithuanian-born American art historian, born in Šiauliai, Russian Empire
- 1907 Dominique Aury, French novelist (d. 1998)
- 1907 Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza, heir to the throne of Portugal (d. 1976)
- 1907 Herbert Kappler, German head of Nazi police and security services (SS) in Rome during WWII, born in Stuttgart, German Empire (d. 1978)
- 1909 Marianne Straub, weaver
- 1909 Susan Travers, English-French Foreign Legion soldier, born in London, England (d. 2003)
- 1910 Elliot Roosevelt, son of FDR/writer (Murder in the Oval Office)
- 1911 Frank Moss, United States Senator from Utah (d. 2003)
- 1912 Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Pakistani researcher, critic and linguist (d. 2005)
- 1912 Tony Smith, American sculptor (d. 1980)
- 1914 Omar Ali Saifuddin III, Sultan of Brunei (d. 1986)
- 1915 Ian Dawson-Shepherd, campaigner
- 1920 Gerard W Taylor, South African/British surgeon
- 1922 Philip Owen Arnould Sherrard, scholar theologian poet/translator
- 1923 Samuel V. Wilson, American ex-director of the Defense Intelligence Agency and former Army lieutenant general, born in Rice, Virginia (d. 2017)
- 1925 Denis Twitchett, Cambridge scholar, and Chinese historian (d. 2006)
- 1930 Pyotr Ivanovich Kolodin, cosmonaut (Soyuyz 7, 10, 11 backup)
- 1930 Sehba Akhtar, poet of Pakistan (d. 1996)
- 1931 Gerald Stairs Merrithew, Canadian educator (d. 2004)
- 1931 Charles Harrison, American industrial designer (view finder), born in Shreveport, Louisiana (d. 2018)
- 1934 Per Olov Enquist, Swedish writer (Hour of the Lynx, The Royal Physician’s Visit), born in Hjoggbole, Sweden (d. 2020)
- 1936 Valentín Paniagua, Peruvian politician
- 1940 Michel Temer [Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia], Brazilian lawyer and 37th President of Brazil (2016-18), born in Tietê, Brazil
- 1942 Sila María Calderón, Puerto Rican politician
- 1943 Bob Clement, (Rep-D-Tennessee)
- 1944 Loren J Shriver, Iowa, Col USAF/astronaut (STS 51-C, STS 31, STS 46)
- 1945 Igor Ivanov, Russian politician
- 1946 Franz Fischler, Austrian politician
- 1948 Rob van Koningsbruggen, sculptor
- 1951 Ron Klink, (Rep-D-Pennsylvania)
- 1954 Cherie Blair [née Booth], English wife of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, born in Bury, England
- 1956 Peter David, American writer
- 1961 William C. McCool, American US Navy Lt Cmdr, and astronaut (Space Shuttle Columbia disaster), born in San Diego, California (d. 2003)
- 1971 Sean Spicer, American political strategist, White House Press Secretary (2017), born in Barrington, Rhode Island
- 1972 Karl Pilkington, British radio personality
- 1975 Chris Hawkins, British radio personality
- 1984 Nathan Jendrick, American fitness trainer, health instructor, and author, born in Tacoma, Washington
- 1985 Jared High, American victim of bullying (d. 1998)
Weddings in History
- 1666 Princess Maria of Orange-Nassau marries Mauritius earl of Simmeren
Wedding of Interest
1862 Russian novelist and author of "War and Peace" Leo Tolstoy (34) marries Sophia Andreevna Behrs (18) daughter of a physician
Leo Tolstoy
Wedding of Interest
1933 Gangster Sam Giancana (25) weds Angeline De Tolve
Sam Giancana
Deaths in History
- 79 Pope Linus, second Bishop of Rome after St Peter
- 775 Constantine V Copronymus, Emperor of Byzantium (720-75), dies
- 918 Conrad I, German King of East Francia (911-18), dies of battle wounds at 42
- 965 Aboe a-Taia-H al-Moetanabbi, Arabic royal poet (Diwan), murdered
- 1241 Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet, and politician (b. 1178)
- 1390 John I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1346)
- 1535 Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg, Queen of Gustav I of Sweden, dies at 21
- 1571 John Jewel, English bishop, dies at 49
- 1573 Azai Hisamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1524)
- 1605 Pontus de Tyard, French poet
- 1624 Willem Pietersz Buytewech, painter/etcher, dies at about 32
- 1675 Valentin Conrart, founder of the Académie Française (b. 1603)
- 1728 Christian Thomasius, German jurist (b. 1655)
- 1738 Hermannus Boerhaave, medical/botanist, dies at 69
- 1764 Robert Dodsley, English writer (b. 1703)
- 1773 Johann Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian bishop and botanist (b. 1718)
- 1778 Balthazar Huydecoper, Dutch translator and historian, dies at 83
- 1789 John Rogers, American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)
- 1823 Matthew Baillie, Scottish Physician (first systematic study of pathology in 1793), dies at 61
- 1830 Elizabeth Kortright Monroe, First Lady of the United States (1817-25) as the wife of the fifth President James Monroe, dies at 62
- 1844 Alexander von Benckendorff, Russian general and statesman (b. 1783)
- 1846 John Ainsworth Horrocks, English-born explorer of South Australia (b. 1818)
- 1847 Henri de Mérode, Belgian revolutionary (Souvenirs), dies at 65)
- 1850 José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary leader and national hero who is regarded as the father of Uruguayan independence, dies at 86
- 1864 Sandie [Alexander Swift] Pendleton, American Lieutenant Colonel (Confederate Army), dies at 23
- 1870 Prosper Mérimée, French author (Carmen), dies at 66
- 1871 Alexander N Afanasjev, Russian story teller, dies at 45
- 1873 Jean Chacornac, French astronomer, dies at 50
- 1877 Urbain JJ Leverrier, codiscoverer of Neptune, dies
- 1889 [William] Wilkie Collins, English writer (The Moonstone), dies at 65
- 1896 Ivar A Aasen, Norwegian linguistic/poet, dies at 83
- 1900 William Marsh Rice, American philanthropist and university founder (b. 1816)
- 1902 John Wesley Powell, US geologist (Grand Canyon), dies at 68
- 1906 Jan van Rijswijck, Flemish journalist and Mayor of Antwerp, dies at 53
- 1908 Jadwiga Łuszczewska, Polish poet, dies at 74
- 1917 Werner Voss, German World War I flying ace, dies at 20
- 1929 Richard A Zsigmondy, Austria chemist (Nobel 1925), dies at 64
- 1930 Jonkvrouw Catharina AM de Savornin Lohman, author, dies at 62
Sigmund Freud
1939 Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist and creator of psychoanalysis, dies at 83
Sigmund Freud
Pablo Neruda
1973 Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet (Residence on Earth-Nobel 1971), dies at 69
Pablo Neruda
- 1974 Gerhard Nebel, German writer, dies at 70
- 1988 Tibor Sekelj, Croatian explorer (b. 1912)
- 1992 James A Van Fleet, US general (D-Day, Battle of Bulge), dies at 100
- 1992 Paul E Garber, American founder/1st curator of National Air & Space Museum, dies at 93
- 1994 Alec Dickson, founder of VSO, dies at 80
- 1994 Ali Kouider Benyahia [sheik Boualem], Alg Muslim leader, shot at 26
- 1994 Cherif Gousmi [kalief Abu Abdallah Ahmed], Alger Muslim leader, shot
- 1994 Georgi, Tsar Nicholas II's brother, buried
- 1994 John van Damme, businessman, hanged in Singapore at 59
- 1994 Robert Bloch, American sci-fi author (Hugo, Psycho), dies of cancer at 77
- 1995 Odut Joseph Olutola Oluola Oguntala, soho club owner, dies at 74
- 1996 Stuart Pigott, archaeologist, dies at 86
- 1996 Fujiko F. Fujio, Japanese cartoonist (b. 1933)
- 1996 Stuart Piggott, British archaeologist best known for his work on prehistoric Wessex, dies at 86
- 1997 Murray Burnett, writer (Everybody Goes to Rick-Casablanca), dies at 86
- 2000 Carl Rowan, American journalist (b. 1925)
- 2002 Lord Abinger [James Richard Scarlett], English Conservative peer, campaigned for reform of the ancient law on treasure trove, dies at 87
- 2003 Yuri Senkevich, Russian TV anchorman (b. 1937)
- 2004 Tabish Dehlvi, Pakistani poet, dies at 90
- 2005 Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican activist (Founder of FALN), dies at 72
- 2008 Peter Leonard, Australian journalist and newsreader, dies of cancer at 66
- 2009 Paul B. Fay, American businessman and cabinet member in the Kennedy administration (b. 1918)
- 2010 Malcolm Douglas, Australian conservationist (b. 1941)
- 2010 Teresa Lewis, American murderer (b. 1969)
- 2011 Stuart J. Byrne, American sci-fi author (Star Man, God Man), dies at 97
- 2013 Ruth Patrick, American botanist and limnologist, dies at 105
- 2013 Hugo Raes, Flemish writer (Horses Jump & Fresh Sea), dies at 84