Events in History
- 522 BC Darius I of Persia kills Magian usurper Gaumâta, securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire
- 480 BC Battle of Salamis: The Greek fleet under Themistocles defeats the Persian fleet under Xerxes I
Pirate Defeat
61 BC Pompey the Great celebrates his third triumph for victories over the pirates and the end of the Mithridatic Wars on his 45th birthday.
Pompey the Great
- 219 Batavian soldiers consecrate altar on Hercules Magusanus Rome
- 235 St Pontianus ends his reign as Catholic Pope
- 440 Pope Leo I the Great, installed
- 855 Benedict III begins his reign as Catholic Pope
- 1227 Pope Gregory IX excommunicate German emperor Frederik II
- 1349 People of Krems Austria accuse Jews of poisoning wells
- 1364 Battle of Auray, English forces defeat French in Brittany
- 1564 Robert Dudley becomes Earl of Leicester
- 1567 War of Religion breaks out in France - Huguenots try to kidnap King Charles IX
- 1567 At a dinner, the Duke of Alba arrests the Count of Egmont and the Count of Hoorn for treason
- 1608 Captain Newport arrives from England with supplies for colonists
- 1650 2nd Fronde, the Fronde of the Princes uprising ends in France
- 1650 Henry Robinson opens 1st marriage bureau (England)
- 1678 France & Brandenburg signs peace treaty
- 1785 Chasidic sect is excommunicated in Kraków Poland
- 1789 US War Department established a regular army
- 1815 King Willem I forms Dutch Order of the Lion
- 1829 The first units of the London Metropolitan Police appear on the streets of the British capital
- 1848 Battle of Pákozd: Hungarian forces defeat Croats at Pákozd; the first battle of the War of Independence
- 1849 1st passenger train service to Peekskill, New York (New Haven Railroad)
- 1853 Emigrant ship "Annie Jane" sinks off Scotland, drowning 348
- 1859 Great auroral display in US
- 1864 Battle of Chaffin's Farm and New Market Heights in Henrico County, Virginia
- 1872 "3 Fingers" Mackenzie destroys Kwahadi-Commanche village
- 1872 Kiowa-chief Lone Wolf captures Satanta & Big Tree
- 1875 US-Spanish relations decline in wake of Cuban rebellion
- 1879 NL owners meeting in Buffalo adopt reserve clause, giving each team exclusive rights to their players
- 1885 The first practical public electric tramway in the world is opened in Blackpool, England.
- 1898 French troops reach Guinea & Sudan, Samori caught
- 1902 Impresario David Belasco opens his 1st Broadway theater
- 1904 1st monument honoring Spanish American War erected (Monroeville Ohio)
- 1906 US intervenes in Cuba ousts dictator Estrada Palma
- 1907 Construction begins on Washington National Cathedral
- 1911 Gun magazine of French battleship Liberte explode
- 1913 Sam S Shubert Theater opens at 225 W 44th St NYC
- 1913 The Treaty of Constantinople between Turkey and Bulgaria restores peace; the Turks recover Adrianople and Maritza River line
- 1915 1st transcontinental radio telephone message is sent
- 1915 British army conquers Chilly al Imara, Mesopotamia
- 1915 Hurricane claims 275 in Mississippi Delta
Event of Interest
1916 American oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller becomes the world's first billionaire
John D. Rockefeller
- 1918 WWI: Allied forces scored a decisive breakthrough of Hindenburg Line
- 1920 Belgium annexes Eupen/Malmö dy
- 1920 Joseph Horne Company in Pittsburgh sells radios for $10
- 1921 Pirates drop doubleheader to Cards to allow idle Giants to clinch NL
- 1922 Benito Mussolini ask Vatican for support of fascist party program
- 1923 Steinhart Aquarium in Golden Gate Park opens to public
- 1924 Santo Domingo joins League of Nations
- 1925 French Gen of Morocco, marshal Lyautey, is dismissed
- 1925 Greek republican constitution enforced
- 1927 Telephone service begins between US & Mexico
- 1927 Tornado strikes St Louis Missouri, 85 die
- 1928 Cardinals win NL pennant with a 3-1 win at Boston
- 1930 1st Canadian football game played under lights, Hamilton-UBC
- 1930 Boquerón battle ends Paraguay border dispute
- 1930 NYC College offers 1st course in radio advertising
- 1932 "Bill of Divorcement" premieres at the Mayfair
- 1936 Radio used for 1st time for a presidential campaign
- 1938 1st archival course is offered at Columbia University in NYC
- 1940 "Double or Nothing", a radio quiz show, 1st heard on Mutual Radio Net
- 1940 "Strike Up the Band" opens
Event of Interest
1940 1st US merchant ship "Booker T. Washington" commanded by a black captain (Hugh Mulzac), launched at Wilmington Delaware
Booker T. Washington
Event of Interest
1943 US General Dwight D. Eisenhower and Italian Marshal Pietro Badoglio sign an armistice
Dwight D. Eisenhower
- 1943 German riots at Amsterdam Jews
- 1943 Zjadovs 5th Gardeleger/Managarovs 53rd Army reconquer Kremenchug
- 1944 Soviet troops invade Yugoslavia
- 1946 Al Couture knockouts Ralph Walton in Lewiston Maine in 10 secs
- 1946 NPS, Nationale Party Suriname, forms
- 1950 Telephone Answering Machine created by Bell Laboratories
- 1951 Emile Zatopek runs world record 20,000 m & 10 mile
- 1951 S B Nicholson discovers 12th satellite of Jupiter
- 1953 1st department store to sell insurance is Carson Pirie Scott in Chicago, Illinois
- 1953 Balt Mayor D'Alesandro buys Veeck's interest in Browns for $2,475,000
- 1953 Milton Berle Show premieres
- 1953 US government gives France $385 million for combat in Indo-China
- 1955 Ali Sastroamidjojo's PNI wins elections in Indonesia
Event of Interest
1955 Arthur Millers "View From The Bridge" premieres in NYC
Arthur Miller
- 1957 Passenger train & oil train crash in Gambar West Pakistan, killing 300
- 1957 An explosion at the Mayak plutonium production plant in the Soviet Union spreads radiation over 20,000 square miles (52,000 km2)
- 1958 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1959 Little Anthony & the Imperials record "Shimmy Shimmy Ko Ko Bop"
- 1959 Sultan of Brunei promulgates a constitution
- 1961 Mamum Kuzbari becomes premier of Syria
- 1962 Algerian government of Ben Bella forms
- 1962 Indians & Angels set AL record of 40 strikeouts in a doubleheader
John F. Kennedy
- 1962 Launch of Alouette 1, 1st Canadian satellite (on US Delta rocket)
- 1962 US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- 1963 2nd session of Ecumenical council, `Vatican II,' opened in Rome by Pope Paul
- 1963 Houston Colt .45 John Paciorek goes 3 for 3 in his only game
- 1964 Greece & Bulgaria close boundaries
- 1965 St L Cards Charlie Johnson passes for 6 touchdowns vs Cleve (49-13)
- 1966 Bechuanaland gains independence from England, becomes Botswana
Birthdays in History
Pompey the Great
106 BC Pompey the Great [Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus], Roman political and military leader (1st Triumvirate and Consul), born in Picenum, Italy (d. 48 BC)
Pompey the Great
- 1240 Margaret of England, Queen consort of Scotland, (d. 1275)
- 1321 John of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (d. 1387)
- 1328 Joan of Kent, wife of Edward, the Black Prince (d. 1385)
- 1388 Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, son of Henry IV of England (d. 1421)
- 1402 Ferdinand, the Saint, Portuguese slave of Fez/saint
- 1511 Michael Servetus, Spanish physician (Christianism Rostituta)
- 1518 Tintoretto, Italian Mannerist painter and notable exponent of the Renaissance school, born in Venice, Republic of Venice (d. 1594)
Miguel de Cervantes
1547 Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra, Spanish author (Don Quixote), born in Alcalá de Henares, Habsburg Spain (d. 1616)
Miguel de Cervantes
- 1548 William V, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1626)
- 1561 Adriaan van Roomen, Flemish mathematician, born in Leuven (d. 1615)
- 1571 Caravaggio [Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio], Italian painter, (Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy), born in Milan [d. 1610] [date disputed]
- 1583 Johan VIII, the Younger, count of Nassau-Siegen/field marshal
- 1620 John L baron of Elderen, 63rd prince-bishop of Luik (1688-94)
- 1636 Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1715)
- 1639 Lord William Russell, English politician and plotter against Charles II (d. 1683)
- 1640 Antoine Coyzevox, French sculptor, baptized
- 1678 Adrien-Maurice, 3rd duc de Noailles, French soldier (d. 1766)
- 1691 Richard Challoner, English Catholic prelate (d. 1781)
- 1703 François Boucher, French painter (d. 1770)
- 1714 Peter A van de Parra, gov-gen of Neth-Indies (1761-75)
- 1718 Nikita I Panin, Russian earl/diplomat (plot against Peter III)
- 1725 Robert Clive, English explorer and founder (British empire in India), born in Styche, England (d. 1773)
Horatio Nelson
1758 Horatio Nelson, British admiral and hero of Trafalgar, born in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk (d. 1805)
Horatio Nelson
- 1786 Guadalupe Victoria, 1st President of Mexico (d. 1843)
- 1803 Charles-Francois Sturm, French mathematician (Sturm's Theorem)
- 1803 Mercator Cooper, American sea captain (d. 1872)
- 1810 Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, novelist, born in London, England
- 1812 Adolph Gopel, German mathematician, born in Rostock
- 1815 Andreas Aschenbach, German painter/engraver
- 1829 Bradley Tyler Johnson, Brigadier General (Confederate Army), (d. 1903)
- 1829 Giles Alexander Smith, American Major General (Union Army), born in Jefferson County, New York (d. 1876)
- 1830 John Parker Hawkins, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Indianapolis, Indiana (d. 1914)
- 1831 John McAlister Schofield, American Major General (Union Army), born in Gerry, New York (d. 1906)
- 1838 Henry Hobson Richardson, Romanesque revival architect, born in St James, Louisiana (d. 1886)
- 1842 Louis J. Weichmann, American clerk who was the chief witness in the trial of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1902)
- 1843 Mikhail Skobelev, Russian general (d. 1882)
- 1848 Caroline Yale, American educator who revolutionized the teaching of hearing-impaired students, born in Charlotte, Vermont (d. 1943)
- 1853 Princess Thyra, daughter of Christian IX of Denmark (d. 1933)
- 1857 Conrad T van Deventer, lawyer/2nd-Member of parliament
- 1863 Franz Zorell, German RC exegetist/lexicographer
- 1863 Hugo Haase, German SPD-German parliament/revolutionary
- 1864 Miguel de Unamuno Jugo, Bilbao Spain, philosopher (Ensayos, Teatro)
- 1866 Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Ukrainian historian and statesman, born in Chełm, Congress Poland (d. 1934)
- 1867 Philip Kleintjes, people's rights leader
- 1881 Ludwig von Mises, Austrian Economist
- 1895 Joseph Banks Rhine, Penn, parapsychologist (Extra-Sensory Perception)
- 1895 Louise Granville, Australian entertainer, born in Sydney, New South Wales
- 1895 Roscoe Turner, American aviator and racer (d. 1970)
- 1897 Herbert Agar, American journalist and historian (d. 1980)
- 1898 Trofim Lysenko, Soviet biologist and agronomist, born in Karlovka, Ukraine, Russian Empire (d. 1976)
- 1899 Billy Butlin, South Africa, holiday camp promoter
- 1899 Jolie Gabor, mother of Magda, Zsa Zsa, & Eva
- 1899 Lásló Jósef Bíró, Hungarian inventor (ballpoint pen), born in Budapest, Hungary (d. 1985)
- 1900 Miguel Alemán Valdés, Mexican attorney and President of Mexico (1946-52), born in Sayula, Veracruz, Mexico (d. 1983)
Enrico Fermi
1901 Enrico Fermi, Italian-American nuclear physicist, gone fission, fermium (Nobel 1938), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1954)
Enrico Fermi
- 1901 Lanza del Vasto, Italian philosopher and activist (d. 1981)
- 1903 Diana Vreeland, French-American fashion editor (Harper's Bazaar, Vogue), born in Paris (d. 1989)
- 1904 Dorothy Emmet, philosopher
- 1905 Francis Joseph Quinn, academic
- 1908 James Norman Dalrymple Anderson, lawyer
- 1909 Andrew Herron, Moderator (General Assembly of Church of Scotland)
- 1911 Reginald Victor Jones, CH, FRS natural philosopher
- 1912 Michelangelo Antonioni, Ferrara Italy, director (Blow-up, Red Desert)
- 1915 Vincent DeDomenico, American entrepreneur (d. 2007)
- 1916 Carl Ronald Giles, cartoonist
- 1920 Peter D. Mitchell, English chemist, Nobel laureate
- 1921 Miklos Jancso, Vac Hungry, director (Muzsika, Aube, Pacifist)
- 1923 Ellen Malcolm, painter
- 1923 O A "Bum" Phillips, football coach (Houston Oilers/New Orlean Saints)
- 1923 Stan Berenstain, American children's author (The Berenstain Bears), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 2005)
- 1924 David Atkinson, British air marshal
- 1925 John Balcombe, Lord Chief Justice of Appeal
- 1925 John Tower, (Sen-R-Tx)
- 1925 Trevor Hughes, water engineer
- 1926 Phyllis Taylor, educationist
- 1927 Paul McCloskey, (Sen-R-California)
- 1928 Ankie [Johanna A Hoving-]Peypers, Dutch author/poet
- 1928 Lord Avebury [Eric Reginald Lubbock], English politician (Liberal MP for Orpington 1962-70)
- 1929 Murray McLaggan, British Lord-Lieutenant (Mid Glamorgan)
- 1930 Colin Dexter, English crime writer (Inspector Morse), born in Stamford, Lincolnshire (d. 2017)
- 1930 Morag Timbury, director (Central Public Health Laboratory)
- 1930 Peter Miller, CEO (Lloyd's of London)
- 1931 E S Orr Ewing, Lord-Lieutenant of Wigtown
- 1931 James Cronin, nuclear physicist (Physics Nobel Prize 1980), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2016)
- 1931 Joseph M. McDade, (Rep-R-Pennsylvania, 1963-1999), born in Scranton, Pennsylvania (d. 2017)
- 1932 Canon Paul Oestreicher, CEO (British section, Amnesty International
- 1932 Mary Moon, Headmistress (Manchester High School for Girls)
- 1932 Peter Stormonth Darling, CEO (Mercury Asset Management Group)
- 1932 Robert Benton, American writer/director (Kramer vs Kramer), born in Waxahachie, Texas
- 1932 Ronald B Kitaj, US/British painter and graphic artist (pop art)
- 1932 Rainer Weiss, American Physicist (Nobel Prize 2017, LIGO), born in Berlin, Germany
- 1933 Samora Machel, president Mozambique (1975-86)
- 1934 Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, Psychology professor
- 1935 David Hannay, diplomat
- 1936 Michael Partridge, British civil servant
- 1936 Silvio Berlusconi, former Prime Minister of Italy
- 1937 Alice Mahon, British MP
- 1937 R B Heywood, director (British Antarctic Survey)
- 1938 Henry Keswick, British businessman (CEO-Jardine Matheson Holdings Ltd)
Weddings in History
Wedding of Interest
1818 Inventor Samuel Morse (27) weds Lucretia Walker in Concord, New Hampshire
Samuel Morse
Wedding of Interest
1844 New York Politician Boss Tweed (21) weds Mary Jane C. Skaden
Boss Tweed
Wedding of Interest
1953 US Senator Joseph McCarthy (43) weds researcher Jean Kerr at St. Matthews Cathedral in Washington, D.C.
Joseph McCarthy
Deaths in History
- 855 Lotharius I, Romanian-French emperor (signed Treaty of Verdun), dies
- 1360 Joan I, Countess of Auvergne, queen of France (1350-60), dies at 34
- 1364 Charles, Duke of Brittany
- 1530 Andrea del Sato, [d'Agnolo di Franceszo], Italian painter, dies at 44
- 1560 Gustaaf I, king of Sweden (1523-60), dies
- 1575 Charles de Boisot, water beggar, dies in battle at about 45
- 1598 Floris I van Pallandt, earl of Culemborg, dies at about 61
- 1619 Hans Lippershey, credited inventor of the telescope, buried aged 48 or 49
- 1637 Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino saint
- 1642 René Goupil, French Catholic missionary, one of Canadian Martyrs (b. 1608)
- 1703 Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier (b. 1610)
- 1800 Michael Denis, Austrian poet, bibliographer and lepidopterist, dies at 71
- 1804 Michael Hillegas, first Treasurer of the United States (b. 1728)
- 1825 Daniel Shays, American officer in the American Revolution and leader of Shay's Rebellion, dies
- 1833 Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, dies at 48
- 1860 Chapin A. Harris, American dentist who founded the America Society of Dental Surgeons, dies at 54
- 1862 William "Bull" Nelson, Union general-major, murdered at 38
- 1864 Hiram Burnham, US Union-colonel (Chancellorsville), dies in battle
- 1867 Sterling "Old Pap" Price, American lawyer, U.S. Army Brigadier General and politician (11th Governor of Missouri), dies at 58
- 1873 John Ancrum Winslow, American naval officer (Mexican–American War), dies at 61
- 1887 Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon and founder of Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, dies at 76
- 1889 Louis Faidherbe, French general (b. 1818)
- 1900 Samuel Fenton Cary, congressman, prohibitionist (b. 1814)
- 1902 William Topaz McGonagall, British poet (b. 1825)
- 1904 Niels Ryberg Finnen, Danish physician (Nobel 1903), dies
- 1908 Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, Brazilian writer (Epitaph of a small winner), dies at 69
- 1910 Winslow Homer, painter (Prout's Neck), dies
Rudolf Diesel
1913 Rudolf Diesel, German engineer (invented the diesel engine), disappears aboard the ship Dresden in the English Channel at 55
Rudolf Diesel
- 1925 Runar Schildt, Finnish writer (Galgmannen), dies at 36
- 1925 Léon-Victor-Auguste Bourgeois, French Prime Minister (1895-96, Nobel 1920), dies at 74
- 1927 Willem Einthoven, Dutch physiologist and inventor of the electrocardiodiogram (Nobel Prize in Medicine 1924), dies at 67
- 1927 Arthur Achleitner, German writer, dies at 69
- 1928 Steinitz, mathematician, dies
- 1929 Giitji Tanaka, Japanese baron/general/premier (1927-29), dies at 66
- 1930 Ilya Yefimovich Repin, Russian painter (b. 1844)
- 1933 Margaret Talmadge, dies
- 1939 Dickstein, mathematician, dies
- 1941 Friedrich Angel, German mathematician (group theory), dies at 79
- 1950 Balthazar Huibrecht Verhagen, Dutch dramatist and writer, dies at 69
- 1954 William John Gruffydd, Welsh poet and scholar, dies at 73
- 1959 Bruce Bairnsfather, cartoonist, dies
- 1960 Franz Arnold, German writer, dies at 82
- 1961 Reinhard Herbig, German archaeologist, dies at 63
- 1962 Patrick Corry, developed self-rotating rock drill, dies in the Bronx
- 1966 Maurits H E Uyldert, Dutch poet/writer (Motion), dies at 75
- 1967 Carson McCullers, American author (Heart is a Lonely Hunter), dies at 50
- 1973 W H Auden, Vienna poet, dies
- 1974 John Smallenbroek, Dutch Internal minister, dies at 72
- 1980 Bindo Maserati, Italian auto engineer and businessman (manager Maserati Racing; founder O.S.C.A. Racing), dies at 97
- 1984 Marnix Gijsen, [Jan-Al Goris], writer (Lament for Agnes), dies at 85
- 1987 Henry Ford II, American businessman and son of Henry Ford, (President of Ford Motor Company, 1945-79), dies at 70
- 1988 Charles Addams, cartoonist (Addams Family), dies of heart attack at 76
- 1991 Gijsbert Perlee, Amsterdam's organ builder/grinder (Arabian), dies
- 1991 Sam Ntuli, South African ANC-writer, murdered
- 1993 Ghuslam Wyne, premier of Lahore Pakistan, murdered at 60
- 1993 Gordon Douglas, director (Call Me Mr Tibbs, Our Gang), dies at 85
- 1994 Mehmet Topac, Turkish minister of Justice, murdered
- 1995 Francis Frederick Johnson, architect, dies at 84
- 1995 George Chesterman Phillips, British naval officer, dies at 90
- 1995 Karl Anton Martin Gerhard Gerd Bucerius, publisher, dies at 89
- 1995 Madalyn Murray O'Hair, American atheist who opposed prayer in school, murdered at 76 along with her son Jon by David Waters
- 1996 Shūsaku Endō, Japanese writer (Sea & Poison, Silence), dies at 73
- 1996 Ethel Jane Cain, British telephonist and original UK Speaking Clock voice, dies at 87
- 1996 Leslie Crowther, entertainer, dies at 63>>
- 1997 Milner Gray, British graphic designer, dies at 97
- 1997 Roy Lichtenstein, American pop artist, dies of pneumonia at 73
Tom Bradley
1998 Tom Bradley, Mayor of Los Angeles (D-1973-93), dies at 80
Tom Bradley
- 1998 Jared High, victim of bullying and suicide (b. 1985)
Nguyen Van Thieu
2001 Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, President of South Vietnam (1965-75), dies of a stroke at 78
Nguyen Van Thieu
- 2002 Edmund Trebus, probably best known for his appearance on A Life of Grime (b. 1918)
- 2005 Austin Leslie, American chef, the "Godfather of Fried Chicken" (b. 1934)
- 2006 Michael A. Monsoor, United States Navy SEAL (posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor), killed in Iraq at 25
- 2006 Khalique Ibrahim Khalique, Pakistani journalist and Urdu poet and critic (b. 1926)
- 2006 Louis-Albert Cardinal Vachon, French Canadian Catholic archbishop of Quebec (b. 1912)
- 2008 Hayden Carruth, American poet (The Crow and the Heart), dies at 87
- 2009 Pavel Popovich, Ukrainian cosmonaut (Vostok IV, Soyuz 14), dies at 78
- 2010 Georges Charpak, Polish-French physicist who invented and developed subatomic particle detectors (Nobel 1992), dies at 86