- Jan 3 Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomical prodigy, dies at 22
- Jan 11 Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (b. 1583)
- Mar 8 Xu Xiake, Chinese adventurer (b. 1587)
- Apr 13 Richard Montagu, English clergyman (b. 1577)
- Apr 15 Domenico Zampieri, Italian painter (b. 1581)
- May 10 Johan Banér, Swedish soldier (b. 1596)
- May 12 Thomas Wentworth, English viceroy of Ireland, beheaded at 48
- Jun 27 Michiel Janszoon van Mierevelt, Dutch royal painter, dies at 74
- Sep 27 Francois van d'aerssen, mister of Sommelsdijk/diplomat, dies at 69
- Oct 6 Matthijs H Quast, fleet guardian (Gold Islands), dies in battle
- Oct 31 Cornelis Jol, Dutch admiral and privateer, dies at about 41
- Nov 9 Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church and military commander during the Thirty Years' War, dies at 32
- Nov 28 Robert Dowland, English luitist/son of John Dowland, dies at about 50
- Dec 9 Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter, dies at 42
- Dec 27 Francois van d'Aerssen, ruler of Sommelsdijk/diplomat, dies at 69