- Jan 10 Nicholas Culpeper, English botanist, herbalist, physician, and astrologer (b. 1616)
- Jan 17 Paul Potter, Dutch painter, buried
- Feb 18 Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, French writer (b. 1594)
- Apr 9 Matei Basarab, Prince of Wallachia (b. 1588)
- May 3 François de Kinschot, Dutch jurist and chancellor of Brabant, dies at 77
- Jun 10 Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor/architect, dies at 58
- Jun 27 Johann V Andreae, German vicar/writer (Christenburg), dies at 67
- Jul 9 Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans, Bohemia and Hungary, dies of smallpox (b. 1633)
- Aug 12 Cornelis Haga, ambassador to Constantinople (1611-39), dies at 76
- Aug 19 Yom Tov Lipmann Heller, rabbi/author (Tosefot Yom Tov), dies
- Aug 28 Axel Gustafson Oxenstierna, Swedish earl/chancellor/regent, dies at 71
- Aug 31 Ole Worm, Danish physician (b. 1588)
- Sep 8 Peter Claver, Spanish saint (baptized 300,000 slaves), dies
- Sep 15 Cornelis Bicker, merchant/mayor of Amsterdam, dies at 61
- Oct 12 Dirck Graswinckel, Dutch copurt clerk of States-General, dies at 66
- Oct 12 Rembrandt Carel Fabritius, painter, is injured in the Delft Explosion and later dies of his injuries
- Oct 30 Emperor Go-Kōmyō, 110th emperor of Japan, dies at 21
- Nov 30 John Selden, English jurist and oriental scholar (b. 1584)
- Dec 5 Jean François Sarrazin, French writer