- Jan 27 Louis Henri, Duc de Bourbon, Prime Minister of France, dies at 47
- Feb 6 Clement XII [Lorenzo Corsini], Italian Pope (1730-40) who despite ill health and total blindness (1732) unsuccessfully stemmed decline of papal influence, dies at 87
- Feb 29 Pietro Ottoboni, Italian cardinal (b. 1667)
- Apr 23 Thomas Tickell, poet, dies
- Apr 25 Shrimant Baji Rao Vishwanath Bhat, also known as Baji Rao I, a general and Peshwa (b. 1699)
- May 15 Ephraim Chambers, English encyclopaedist (b. 1680)
- May 31 Frederick-William I, King of Prussia (1713-1740), dies at 51
- Jun 1 Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (b. 1657)
- Jun 6 Alexander Spotswood, British governor of Virginia Colony
- Jun 17 Sir William Wyndham, English politician (b. 1687)
- Jul 6 Claudius Amyand, French-born British surgeon who performed first appendectomy, dies at about 80
- Jul 19 Francois van Aerssen, Dutch vice-admiral (Suriname), dies at 71
- Oct 5 Johann Philipp Baratier, German scholar (b. 1721)
- Oct 20 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (1711-40), dies at 55
- Oct 28 Anna Ivanova Romanova, empress of Russia (1730-40), dies at 47
- Dec 20 Richard Boyle, 2nd Viscount Shannon, English military officer and statesman (b. 1675)
- Dec 26 Mauritius Louis II earl of Nassau, lt-gen (12 children), dies