- Jan 20 John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, English politician, dies at 85
- Jan 25 Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts, dies at 75
- Feb 9 Henri François d'Aguesseau, Chancellor of France (1717-50), dies at 82
- Mar 20 Frederick Louis, English prince of Wales and son of George II, dies at 44
- Mar 21 Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (b. 1706)
- Mar 25 Frederick of Hessen Kassel, King of Sweden (1720-51), dies at 74
- Mar 29 Thomas Coram, English sea captain and philanthropist (Founder of the Foundling Hospital), dies at 83
- Apr 19 Peter Lacy, Irish-born Russian Field marshal (b. 1678)
- May 24 William Hamilton, of Gilbertsfield, poet, dies
- Jun 20 Adriaen Valckenier, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1737-41), dies at 56
- Jul 15 John Wilson, botanist, dies
- Aug 30 Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (b. 1661)
- Oct 22 Willem IV KH Friso, prince of Orange-Nassau, dies at 40
- Oct 26 Philip Doddridge, English Nonconformist clergyman, dies at 49
- Dec 12 Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher, dies at 73
- Dec 16 Leopold II of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general (b. 1700)
- Dec 17 Kilian I von Dientzenhofer, Czech master builder, dies at 62
- Dec 18 Kilian Ignaz von Dientzenhofer, Bohemian Baroque architect (Nepomukkerk, Prague), dies at 62
- Dec 19 Louise of Great Britain, wife of Frederick V of Denmark (b. 1724)