- Jan 3 Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author (b. 1851)
- Jan 9 Edvard Rusjan, Slovene flight pioneer (b. 1886)
- Jan 17 Francis Galton, British anthropologist and geneticist (eugenics), dies at 88
- Jan 24 David Graham Phillips, American journalist and novelist (b. 1867)
- Jan 24 Kanno Sugako, Japanese anarcho-feminist, hanged for her role in the plot to assassinate Emperor Meiji
- Jan 26 Charles Dilke, British statesman and Radical politician, dies at 67
- Feb 4 Peter A "Piet" Cronje, South Africa Boer general, dies at about 75
- Feb 5 Petrus A Cronjé, Transvaal Boer general, dies
- Feb 11 Albert von Rothschild, baron/Austrian banker, dies at 66
- Feb 15 Theodor Escherich, German pediatrician (b. 1859)
- Feb 22 Frances Harper, African-American abolinist, suffragist and writer (Iola Leroy), dies at 85
- Mar 1 Jacobus H van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist/physicist (Nobel 1901), dies at 58
- Mar 7 Antonio Fogazzarro, Italian writer and poet (Il Santo, Leila), dies at 68
- Mar 13 Jacob M van Bemmelen, Dutch physicist/chemist, dies at 80
- Mar 13 John J. Toffey, American Civil War Medal of Honor Recipient (b. 1844)
- Mar 24 Matthew Stanley Robison, president (Cardinals), dies
- Apr 13 George Washington Glick, American politician (b. 1827)
- Apr 13 John McLane, American politician (b. 1852)
- Apr 14 Henri Elzéar Taschereau, French Canadian jurist and Chief Justice of Canada (b. 1836)
- Apr 15 Georg Knorr, German engineer (brake system trains), dies at 51
- Apr 25 Emilio Salgari, Italian novelist (b. 1862)
- May 21 Williamina Fleming, Scottish-born astronomer (b. 1857)
- May 28 Stephanus Jacobus du Toit, South African theologist and journalist (Afrikaner Bond), dies at 64
William Schwenck Gilbert
May 29 William Schwenck Gilbert, English dramatist (Gilbert & Sullivan), dies at 74
William Schwenck Gilbert
- Jun 7 Maurice Rouvier, French statesman and Prime Minister of France (1905-06), dies at 69
- Jun 9 Carry Amelia Moore Nation, American temperance leader, dies
- Jun 9 Carrie Nation, American temperance advocate, dies at 64
- Jun 11 James Curtis Hepburn, American missionary and linguist, dies at 96
- Jul 5 George J Stoney, Irish physicist, dies at 85
- Jul 8 Ira Erastus Davenport, American magician, claimed to be a spirit medium, dies at 51
- Aug 1 Konrad Duden, German linguist (Das, grosse Duden Lexicon), dies
- Aug 8 William P. Frye, American politician (b. 1830)
- Aug 9 John Gates ("Bet-a-million" Gates), American inventor and industrialist who established the market for barbed wire fencing, dies following an unsuccessful operation to remove a throat tumor at 56
- Aug 12 Jozef Israels, painter, dies
- Aug 12 Petrus H Hugenholtz, Dutch reformist vicar (Levenslicht), dies at 79
- Sep 11 Louis Henri Boussenard, French novelist (b. 1847)
- Sep 11 William R Boggs, American Brigadier General (Confederate Army) and chief of engineers, dies at 82
- Sep 16 Edward Whymper, English mountaineer 1st to climb Matterhorn (1865), dies at 71
- Sep 18 Russian Premier Peter Stolypin (1906-11), shot and murdered at the Kiev Opera House aged 49
- Sep 21 Arab Pasha, "al-Misri" [Pasha Ahmad Arab), Egyptian minister, dies
- Sep 27 Auguste Michel-Lévy, French geologist (b. 1844)
- Sep 28 Louis Pincoffs, Dutch businessman and politician (1st-Chamber), dies
- Oct 1 Wilhelm Dilthey, German philosopher (Das Leben Schleiermans), dies at 77
- Oct 7 John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (b. 1835)
- Oct 14 John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
- Oct 18 Alfred Binet, French child psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test (Binet–Simon test), dies at 54
- Oct 29 Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian publisher (St Louis Post-Dispatch, NY World), dies at 64
- Nov 8 Samuel Wilks, British Physician and founding father of clinical science, dies at 87
- Nov 9 Howard Pyle, American author (b. 1853)
- Nov 16 Albert Alonzo Ames, Mayor of Minneapolis (b. 1842)
- Nov 19 Ramon Caceres, President of the Dominican Republic (1906-11), murdered at 44
- Dec 7 William Griggs, English inventor (photo chromo lithography), dies at 79
- Dec 10 Joseph D Hooker, British botanist, dies at 94
- Dec 19 John Bigelow, American statesman and author, dies at 94