- 397 Martin of Tours (St Maarten), Roman bishop and Christian patron saint of warriors, dies at about 81
- 397 Martin of Tours [St Martin], bishop of Tours and French Saint, dies
- 618 St Deusdedit/Adeodatus I, Italian Pope (615-18), dies
- 955 Pope Agapetus II (946-955)
- 1111 Otto II, Count of Habsburg, one of the founders of the Habsburg family, murdered
- 1171 Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (1120-71), dies at about 63
- 1195 Conrad III of Hohenstaufen, king of Germany and Italy, dies (b. 1093 or 1094)
- 1226 Louis VIII, the Lion, King of France (1223-26), dies at 39
- 1228 Dirk I, ruler of Heinsberg/Valkenburg, dies
- 1246 Berenguela of Castile, wife of Alfonso IX of Castile (b. 1180)
- 1308 Duns Scotus, Scottish philosopher (coined the word dunce), dies at 42
- 1494 Melozzo da Forli, Italian painter, dies at about 56
- 1517 Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros, cardinal/Chancellor of Castilia, dies
- 1527 Jerome Emser, German theologian (b. 1477)
- 1590 Joost Jansz Bilhamer, Dutch master builder and cartographer, dies at about 49
- 1595 Peter Opmeer, Dutch church historian and humanist (Historia Martyrum), dies at 69
- 1600 Natsuka Masaie, Japanese warlord (b. 1562)
- 1605 Robert Catesby, English conspirator (Gunpowder Plot), killed at about 32
- 1638 Johann H. Alsted, German theologist and philosopher, dies at 50
- 1658 Pieter Floriszoon, Dutch admiral, dies at sea in the Battle of the Sound at about 50
- 1658 Witte de With, Dutch vice-admiral, dies at sea in the Battle of the Sound, at age 59
John Milton (1608-1674)
English poet and puritan (Paradise Lost), dies at 65
- 1694 Ulrik Huber, Frisian lawyer, law historian and polemist, dies at 58
- 1719 Michel Rolle, French mathematician (Rolle's theorem), dies at 67
- 1773 Friedrich Wilhelm, baron von Seydlitz, Prussian general, dies at 52
- 1793 Madame Roland [Marie-Jeanne Phlippon], French revolutionary (member of the Girondist faction), executed by guillotine at 39
- 1805 Francois-Thomas de Baculard d'Arnaud, French writer, dies at 87
- 1811 Charles F Bentinck, Dutch minister of Colonies, dies at 47
- 1817 Andrea Appiani, Italian royal painter (Napoleon), dies at 63
- 1830 Francis I, King of the Two Sicilies (1825-30), dies at 53
- 1858 George Peacock, English mathematician (algebraic theory), dies at 67
- 1860 Charles Fellows, English Archaeologist who discovered ruins of the cities of ancient Lycia and brought to Lycian marbles to England, dies at 61
- 1873 Manuel Breton de los Herreros, Spanish poet and comic playwright, dies at 76
- 1876 Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, Queen consort of Spain (1870-73), dies at 29
Doc Holliday (1851-1887)
American dentist, gambler, and gunfighter (Gunfight at the O.K. Corral), dies of tuberculosis at 36
- 1893 Francis Parkman, American historian and author (Oregon Trail), dies at 70
- 1901 Mary Ann Bickerdyke, American army nurse (union), dies at 84
- 1905 Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter, dies at 35
- 1908 William Edward Ayrton, English Physicist, Inventor and Electrical Engineer, dies at 60
- 1911 Samuel Wilks, British Physician and founding father of clinical science, dies at 87
Abraham Kuyper (1837-1920)
Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1901-05), dies at 83
- 1920 Salomon Anski, Russian-Polish yiddish author (Dibboek), dies at 57
- 1921 Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav, Slovak poet (b. 1849)
- 1933 Mohammed Nadir Shah, King of Afghanistan (1929-33), assassinated at 50 by Abdul Khaliq during a graduation ceremony at a high school in Kabul
- 1934 Carlos Chagas, Brazilian sanitary physician, dies at 55
- 1934 James Mark Baldwin, American Philosopher and Psychologist, dies at 73
- 1935 Hans Windisch, German New Testament scholar, dies at 54
- 1941 Gaetano Mosca, Italian sociologist (Elite Circle), dies at 83
- 1944 Walter Nowotny, Austrian-born fighter pilot ace (258 aerial victories for Luftwaffe), dies in a plane crash at 23
- 1945 August von Mackensen, German field marshal, dies at 95
- 1949 Cyriel Verschaeve, Belgian priest and writer (Maria Magdalena -1928), dies at 75
- 1953 Ivan Bunin, Russian poet and novelist (Gentleman from San Francisco-Nobel 1933, dies at 83
- 1953 John van Melle, South African writer (Bart Nel), dies at 66
- 1959 Frank Sherman Land, American founder of the Order of DeMolay, dies at 69
Otto Frederick Rohwedder (1880-1960)
American engineer (invented the bread-slicing machine), dies at 80
- 1965 Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (b. 1913)
- 1966 Bernhard Zondek, German-Israeli gynaecologist, dies at 75
- 1969 Vesto Slipher, American astronomer who provided the first evidence to support the expanding-universe theory, dies at 93
- 1970 Huw T. Edwards, Welsh trade unionist and politician, dies at 77
- 1970 Napoleon Hill, American writer and philosopher (Think and Grow Rich), dies at 87
- 1977 Georg Wüst, German Oceanographer, dies at 87
- 1978 Norman Rockwell, American artist and illustrator (Saturday Evening Post covers), dies at 84
- 1979 Yvonne de Gaulle, wife of French President Charles de Gaulle, dies at 79
- 1983 Mordecai Kaplan, American Rabbi, founded Reconstructionist Judaism, dies at 102
- 1983 Robert Agnew, director, dies at 84 of kidney failure
Vyacheslav Molotov (1890-1986)
Russian politician (Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1939-49, 1953-6), dies at 96
- 1988 Kingman Brewster, American educator and president of Yale University, dies at 69
- 1989 Andre Kloos, Dutch trade union leader (NVV)/chairman (VARA), dies at 67
- 1990 Anya Seton, American author (Katherine), dies at 86
- 1994 Marianne Straub, Swiss born English weaver (Festival of Britain), dies at 85
- 1995 Neil Blaney, Irish politician, dies at 73
- 1996 Edward Albert Radice, British economist, dies at 89
- 1996 Peter Fowler, British physicist who studied cosmic rays and radiation, dies at 73
- 1998 Rumer Godden, English author (Thursday's Children), dies at 90
- 1998 Stuart Sutherland, British psychologist, educator (Sussex University's Laboratory of Experimental Psychology), and writer (Breakdown), dies of a heart attack at 76
- 1999 Francis D. Foley, American Rear Admiral (WW II, Guadalcanal), dies at 89
- 2002 Jaun Elia, Pakistani scholar, poet and philosopher, dies at 70
- 2003 C. Z. Guest, American socialite (b. 1920)
- 2004 Peter Mathers, English-born Australian novelist (b. 1931)
- 2005 David Westheimer, American novelist (Von Ryan's Express), dies at 88
- 2006 Hannspeter Winter, Austrian plasma physicist, dies at 65
- 2007 Aad Nuis, Dutch writer and political scientist, dies at 74
- 2007 Chad Varah, English founder of charity The Samaritans (b. 1911)
- 2007 Dulce Saguisag, Filipino politician and former DSWD Secretary, dies at 64
- 2009 Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist (b. 1916)
- 2010 Alex Fagan, American law enforcement official (San Francisco Chief of Police), dies at 60
- 2010 Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentine naval officer and National Reorganization Process figure (b. 1925)
- 2010 Jack Levine, American social realist painter, dies at 95
- 2011 Bil Keane, American cartoonist (The Family Circus), dies at 89
- 2011 Mumtaz Hamid Rao, Pakistani journalist, dies at 70
- 2014 Philip M. Crane, American politician (Rep-R-IL, 1969-2005), dies at 84
Assassination
Drug Overdose
Gunshot Wound
Murder
Plane Crash
Suicide