Events in History on September 5

1519 Second Battle of Tehuacingo, Mexico: Hernán Cortés vs Tlascala Aztecs

1590 Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris

1622 Richelieu appointed Cardinal under French King Louis XIII

1644 Prince Frederick Henry conquers Sas of Gent

1661 Nicolas Fouquet, French Superintendent of Finances under Louis XIV is arrested for maladministration of state funds; he died in 1680, never seeing freedom again.

1698 Russian Tsar Peter the Great imposes a tax on beards

1717 Britain's King George I issues Proclamation "For Suppressing Pirates in the West Indies", granting pirates who surrender a pardon (re-issued 1718)

1781 American Revolutionary War: French fleet of 24 ships under Comte de Grasse defeat British forces under Admiral Graves at the Battle of the Chesapeake [Battle of the Virginia Capes] and trap Cornwallis

1793 French Revolution: the "Reign of Terror" begins

1816 Louis XVIII has to dissolve the Chambre introuvable ("Unobtainable Chamber").

1836 Sam Houston elected President of the Republic of Texas

1862 General Lee crosses Potomac & enters Maryland

1905 The Treaty of Portsmouth is signed concluding the Russo-Japanese War; US President Theodore Roosevelt will receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his role as mediator

1907 King Edward VII of Great Britain meets Russia's Foreign Minister Alexander Izvolski in an attempt to strengthen Russia's relationship with Britain

1914 US President Woodrow Wilson orders US Navy to make its wireless stations accessible for any transatlantic communications - even to German diplomats sending coded messages; leads to interception of the Zimmermann telegram, helping bring the US into the war

1915 Tsar Nicholas II, distressed by increasing Russian losses, assumes personal command of his nation's military forces; clearly a symbolic act and devastating for his leadership

1929 French premier Aristide Briand requests a United States of Europe

1939 FDR declares US neutrality at start of WW II in Europe

1939 New Zealand Prime Minister, Michael Joseph Savage declares New Zealand's support for Britain in the war with Germany; Savage famously told the nation 'where she goes, we go. Where she stands, we stand'

1939 J. B. M. Hertzog resigns as South African Prime Minister after losing a vote in parliament on neutrality in WWII

1944 British premier Winston Churchill travels to Scotland

1946 Amon Göth, former head of Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp, found guilty of imprisonment, torture, and extermination of individuals and groups of people, the first conviction of homicide at a war crimes court

1957 Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista bombs an uprising in Cienfuegos

1957 Yugoslavia bans Milovan Djilas' book "new class marine officers"

1957 "On the Road" by Jack Kerouac is published by Viking Press in New York

1958 "Doctor Zhivago" novel by Boris Pasternak published in US

1958 "The Huckleberry Hound Show" by Hanna-Barbera featuring Yogi Bear premieres on US TV

1961 JFK begins underground nuclear testing

1975 First Assassination attempt on US President Gerald Ford by Lynette Fromme in Sacramento

1978 Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin and Jimmy Carter begin Egypt-Isreal peace conference at Camp David

1979 Earl of Mountbatten's Ceremonial Funeral held in Westminster Abbey

1990 Iraqi President Saddam Hussein urges Arabs to rise against the West

1991 Nelson Mandela chosen as president of African National Congress

2018 UK Prime Minister Theresa May confirms in parliament two Russian military intelligence officers undertook novichok nerve agent attack, prompts international condemnation